Belongs within: Pan-Monilophyta.
Contains: Botryopteridales, Leptosporangiatae, Marattiales, Equisetopsida, Ophioglossaceae.
The Monilophyta are the crown clade including ferns and related plants, whisk ferns (Psilotaceae) and horsetails (Equisetum). The clade is supported by molecular data, as well as possibly by the exclusively centrifugal development of the spore exine (Cantino et al. 2007).
Recent analyses have agreed in placing a clade of Ophioglossaceae and Psilotaceae, with subterranean mycorrhizal gametophytes, sister to other monilophytes with surface-growing photosynthetic gametophytes. Psilotaceae bear rootless sporophytes bearing 2- or 3-locular sporangia on two-lobed sporophylls (Allan 1961).
Monilophyta [Filices, Filicinophyta, Filicophyta, Marattieae, Moniliformopses, Polypodiophyta, Pterophyta, Pteridopsida]
|--+--Apo-LeptosporangiataeCD07
| | |--AnachoropterisCD07
| | |--AnkyropterisCD07
| | |--SkaaripterisCD07
| | |--BotryopteridalesCD07
| | `--LeptosporangiataeWP05
| `--+--MarattialesCD07
| `--+--EquisetopsidaWP05
| `--Ibykaceae [Ibykales]C93
| |--Asteropteris noveboracensis Dawson 1881C93
| `--Ibyka Skog & Banks 1973D98, SP12
| `--I. amphikoma Skog & Banks 1973C93
`--+--OphioglossaceaeWP05
`--Psilotaceae (see below for synonymy)CD07
|--Psilotum Swartz 1806WP05, A61
| |--P. complanatum [incl. P. flaccidum]B78
| `--P. nudum (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois 1805CD07 (see below for synonymy)
`--Tmesipteris Bernh. 1800A61
|--T. billardieriH90
|--T. fowerakeri Barber 1954A61
|--T. lanceolataWP05
|--T. ovataH90
|--T. parvaH90
|--T. tannensis Bernh. 1800A61 [=Lycopodium tannenseB78; incl. Psilotum forsteriB78, Tmesipteris forsteriC06]
`--T. truncataH90 [=Psilotum truncatumB78]
Monilophyta incertae sedis:
ToditesRY03
Aspleniopsis aplenioides (Holttum) Pichi-Sermolli 1977 (see below for synonymy)L03
Trichipteris borinquenaSWK87
Lecanopteris carnosaP88
Balmeisporites Cookson & Dettmann 1958TMD02
`--*B. holodictyus Cookson & Dettmann 1958 [incl. B. platydictyos Douglas 1973]TMD02
Pseudoginkgo bohemica Velenovksy & Viniklar 1926B56
TaenitidaceaeH90
|--TaenitisBS-V28
| |--T. blechnoidesT-W89
| `--T. sagittaefera Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828BS-V28
`--Anogramma Link 1841H90, A61
|--A. leptophylla (Linnaeus) Link 1841 (see below for synonymy)A61
`--A. microphylla (Hooker) Hiels in Engl. & Prantl 1899 [=Gymnogramma microphylla Hooker 1854]I88
Mertensia flabellataBS-V28
Marginaria minimaBS-V28
Cyclophorus glaberBS-V28
DaraeaBS-V28
|--D. appendiculataBS-V28
`--D. furcans Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828BS-V28
Hymenolepis ophioglossoidesBS-V28
Scolopendrium durvillaei Bory de Saint-Vincent 1828BS-V28
SchizolomaBS-V28
|--S. billardieriiBS-V28
`--S. guerinianumBS-V28
Microlepsia strigosaH70
Sellingia microlobaK-CB01
Drymoglossum piloselloidesT-W89
NiphobolusT-W89
|--N. nummularifoliumT-W89
`--N. penangianumT-W89
MenisciumT-W89
|--M. cuspidatumT-W89
|--M. salicifoliumT-W89
`--M. triphyllumT-W89
Kaulfussia aesculifoliaT-W89
Anogramma leptophylla (Linnaeus) Link 1841 [=Polypodium leptophyllum, Grammitis leptophylla Swartz 1806, Gymnogramme leptophylla Desv. 1813; incl. Gy. novae-zelandiae Colenso 1846]A61
Aspleniopsis aplenioides (Holttum) Pichi-Sermolli 1977 [=Rheopteris asplenioides Holttum 1962, Austrogramme asplenioides (Holttum) Hennipman 1975)]L03
Psilotaceae [Psilophytae, Psilopsida, Psilotales, Psiloteae, Psilotineae, Psilotophyta, Psilotophytina, Psilotopsida, Psilotidae]CD07
Psilotum nudum (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois 1805CD07 [=Lycopodium nudum Linnaeus 1753B06; incl. P. heterocarpum Col. 1888A61, P. triquetrum Sw. 1801B06]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[B78] Bentham, G. 1878. Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian Territory vol. 7. Roxburghiaceae to Filices. L. Reeve & Co.: London.
[B06] Biswas, A. 2006. Pteridophytes of Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 48: 175–188.
[BS-V28] Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. 1828. Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Sur la Corvette de Sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Botanique. Cryptogamie. Arthus Bertrand: Paris.
[B56] Brown, R. W. 1956. New items in Cretaceous and Tertiary floras of the western United States. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (4): 104–108.
[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44.
[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.
[C93] Cleal, C. J. 1993. Pteridophyta. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 779–794. Chapman & Hall: London.
[D98] Doyle, J. A. 1998. Phylogeny of vascular plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 567–599.
[H70] Hammer, M. 1970. A few oribatid mites from Easter Island. Pacific Insects 12 (2): 279–289.
[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.
[I88] Iwatsuki, K. 1988. An enumeration of the pteridophytes of Nepal. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 231–339.
[K-CB01] Konijnenburg-van Cittert, H. van, & K. Bandel. 2001. Jurassic plants from Djebel Tih, Sinai. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 85: 47–64.
[L03] Lindsay, S. 2003. Considerations for a revision of the fern family Vittariaceae for Flora Malesiana. Telopea 10 (1): 99–112.
[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.
[RY03] Ren, D., & J. Yin. 2003. New ‘osmylid-like’ fossil Neuroptera from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 111 (1): 1–11.
[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.
[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.
[TMD02] Tosolini, A.-M. P., S. McLoughlin & A. N. Drinnan. 2002. Early Cretaceous megaspore assemblages from southeastern Australia. Cretaceous Research 23: 807–844.
[WP05] Wikström, N., & K. M. Pryer. 2005. Incongruence between primary sequence data and the distribution of a mitochondrial atp1 group II intron among ferns and horsetails. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 484–493.