Belongs within: Rosales.
Contains: Artocarpus, Castilleae, Ficus.
The Moraceae—mulberries, figs and related taxa—are a mostly tropical family of plants bearing compound fruits and with milky sap. Fossil species have been assigned to this family going back to the Upper Cretaceous, though the affinities of pre-Eocene taxa might be considered questionable (Collinson et al. 1993).
Noteworthy members of the family include Morus, the mulberries, widely grown for their edible fruits. The white mulberry M. alba is also cultivated as the primary food source for the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori. Fruits of white mulberry are edible but insipid in flavour compared to black mulberry M. nigra and red mulberry M. rubra. Members of the genera Dorstenia and Fatoua are herbs. The Involucrata are a clade including Ficus (figs) and the Castilleae, distinguished by involucral bracts subtending the inflorescences on a disc or urn-shaped receptacle (Clement et al. 2020). Maclura, the osage oranges, bears lumpy orange-like fruit comprising multiple achenes within fleshy calyces (Hickman 1993). Paratrophis is a Polynesian genus of dioecious trees bearing drupaceous fruits with persistent perianths (Allen 1961). Streblus is an Old World tropical genus of trees bearing solitary drupes and leaves that are scabrous on at least one surface (Harden 1990).
Characters (R. P. Wunderlin): Trees, shrubs, herbs, or vines , deciduous or evergreen, frequently with milky sap. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite or whorled), simple; stipules present, persistent or caducous; petiole adaxially grooved. Leaf blade: margins entire, toothed, or lobed; venation pinnate or with 3–5 basal palmate veins; cystoliths often present in epidermal cells. Inflorescences racemes, cymes, or capitula. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same or different plants, small, occasionally on flattened torus, more often enclosed within fleshy, flask-shaped receptacle (syconium); sepals 2–6, distinct or partly connate (vestigial in Brosimum). Staminate flowers: stamens equal in number to sepals or calyx lobes and opposite them, straight or inflexed; anthers 1–2-locular. Pistillate flowers: sepals or calyx lobes 4, more or less connate; pistils 1, 1–2-carpellate; ovary 1, superior or inferior, 1(–2)-locular; ovules 1 per locule; styles or style branches 1–2; stigmas 1–2, entire. Fruits multiple (syncarps); individual achenes or drupelets partly or completely enclosed by enlarged common receptacle or by individual calyces.
<==Moraceae
|--+--ArtocarpusRR21
| `--InvolucrataCB-L20
| |--CastilleaeCB-L20
| `--FicusCB-L20
`--MorusRR21
|--M. albaHQC03
|--M. indicaC55
|--M. nigraR-CT01
|--M. notabilisRR21
`--M. rubraHQC03
Moraceae incertae sedis:
BosquieaYY22
BosqueiopsisYY22
BrosimopsisYY22
CyathanthusYY22
LanessaniaYY22
OlmediaYY22
OlmediellaYY22
OlmediophaenaYY22
PraineaYY22
ScyphosyceYY22
SloetiaYY22
SloetiopsisYY22
TeonangiaYY22
TrymatococcusYY22
AcanthotreculiaYY22
AllacanthusYY22
AmpalisYY22
BagassaYY22
BalanostreblusYY22
BalansaephytumYY22
BatocarpusYY22
CardiogyneYY22
ClarisiaYY22
Chlorophora tintoriaK06
CoussapoaF11
Cudrania javanensisYY22, C16
GymnartocarpusYY22
HelianthostylisYY22
HulletiaYY22
MaillardiaYY22
Musanga smithiiYY22, RN72
MyrianthusYY22
PachytropheYY22
ParartocarpusYY22
PhyllochlamysYY22
PlecospermumYY22
Pouroma cecropiaefoliaYY22, W92
PseudotrophisYY22
SahaguniaYY22
Sorocea ilicifoliaYY22, RJ11
TreculiaYY22
BleekrodiaYY22
Fatoua villosaLK14
PseudomorusYY22
PseudostreblusYY22
Becktonia hantonensisJD05
Trophis scandensB00
Arthmiocarpus hesperus (Wieland) Delevoryas 1964CBH93
Combretiphyllum acuminatum Menzel 1909CBH93
Debeya serrata Miquel 1853CBH93
MacluraB00
|--M. cochinchinensis [=Cudrania cochinchinensis]H90
`--M. pomiferaH93
BrosimumYY22
|--B. alicastrumF11
`--B. terrabanumF55
BroussonetiaJD05
|--B. papyriferaC06 [incl. B. kasinokiLO98]
`--B. rugosaJD05
MalaisiaYY22
|--M. scandensH90
`--M. tortuosaH09
Paratrophis Blume 1852A61
|--P. banksii Cheesem. 1906 [incl. P. heterophylla var. elliptica Kirk 1897]A61
|--P. microphylla (Raoul) Cockayne 1915 (see below for synonymy)A61
`--P. smithii Cheesem. 1888A61
DorsteniaHQC03
|--D. brauniiJ54
|--D. crispaJ54
| |--D. c. var. crispaJ54
| `--D. c. var. lancifoliaJ54
|--D. embergeriS00
|--D. gigasJ54
`--D. psilurusHQC03
StreblusP03
|--S. asperP03
|--S. banksiiG01
|--S. brunonianus [incl. S. pendulinus]H90
|--S. glaber (Merr.) Corner 1962 (see below for synonymy)S77
|--S. heterophyllusBKS98
|--S. indicusD95
|--S. sandwicensisD95
`--S. smithiiD95
Paratrophis microphylla (Raoul) Cockayne 1915 [=Epicarpurus microphyllus Raoul 1844, Taxotrophis microphylla (Raoul) Muell. 1868; incl. Paratrophis heterophylla Blume 1852, Trophis opaca Banks & Sol. ex Hooker 1854 (n. d.), P. opaca Cheeseman 1925]A61
Streblus glaber (Merr.) Corner 1962 [=Gironniera glabra Merr. 1906, Chevalierodendron glabrum Leroy 1948, Paratrophis glabra Steen 1934; incl. Aphananthe negrosensis Elmer 1909, Calaunia negrosensis (Elmer) Grudz. 1964]S77
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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