Belongs within: Passerida.
Contains: Anthus.
The Motacillidae is a family of insectivorous, generally ground-feeding passerines, containing the pipits (Anthus), wagtails (Motacilla and Dendronanthus indicus) and longclaws (Macronyx). Motacillids have pointed wings with nine primaries, and long slender legs with partly scaled tarsi. The wagtails get their name from their habit of continually bobbing their tails up and down; some wagtails are also strikingly patterned. Macronyx species exhibit long hind claws and varying degrees of yellow to red on the chest. The forest wagtail Dendronanthus indicus of southern and eastern Asia wags the tail from side to side rather than up and down.
<==Motacillidae [Anthidae, Motacillina]
| i. s.: Dendronanthus indicusJT12
| Tmetothylacus tenellusJT12
| BudytesM01
| |--B. citreolusM01
| `--B. flavusSc05
|--Motacilla Linnaeus 1758BKB15, M02
| | i. s.: M. acredula Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. calidris Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. caspicaG73
| | M. cinerea Tunstall 1771AP21, L03 [incl. M. boarulaF17]
| | |--M. c. cinerea [incl. M. boarula canariensis Hartert 1901]L03
| | `--M. c. patriciae Vaurie 1957L03
| | M. curruca Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. emeria Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. erithacus Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. ficedula Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. hippolais Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. humata Milne-Edwards 1871M02
| | M. lugubrisV41
| | M. major Milne-Edwards 1871M02
| | M. minuta Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. pendulinus Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. philomela Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. phoenicurus Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. regulus Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. rubetra Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. ruticilla Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. salicaria Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. samveasnaeJT12
| | M. schoenobaenus Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. sialis Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. sylvia Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. titys Linnaeus 1758L58
| | M. trochilus Linnaeus 1758L58
| |--+--M. flaviventrisBKB15
| | `--+--M. capensisBKB15
| | `--M. claraBKB15
| | |--M. c. claraL03
| | `--M. c. chapini Amadon 1954L03
| `--+--+--M. aguimp Temminck 1820BKB15, ICZN96 [incl. M. arenarea Wilkes 1817 (nom. rej.)ICZN96]
| | `--M. bocagiiAP21 [=Amaurocichla bocageiBKB15]
| `--+--+--M. citreolaBKB15
| | `--+--M. flava Linnaeus 1758BKB15, L03 [incl. M. vernaF17]
| | | |--M. f. flava (see below for synonymy)L03
| | | |--M. f. cinereocapilla Savi 1831 [incl. Budytes megarhynchos Brehm 1842]L03
| | | |--M. f. feldeggL03
| | | |--M. f. iberiae Hartert 1921 (see below for synonymy)L03
| | | |--M. f. macronyxVP89
| | | |--M. f. plexaWBSJ82
| | | |--M. f. pygmaea (Brehm 1854) [=Budytes pygmaeus]L03
| | | |--M. f. simillima Hartert 1905L03
| | | `--M. f. taivanaVP89
| | `--M. tschutschensisBKB15 [=M. flava tschutsehensisL03]
| `--+--M. madaraspatensisBKB15
| `--+--M. grandisBKB15
| `--+--M. alba Linnaeus 1758BKB15, L03 [incl. M. albidaF17]
| | |--M. a. alba [incl. M. fasciata Brehm 1855 non Bechstein 1795]L03
| | |--M. a. baicalensisM03
| | |--M. a. leucopsisM03
| | |--M. a. ocularisM03
| | `--M. a. personaterVP89
| `--M. lugensBKB15 [=M. alba lugensM03]
`--+--AnthusBKB15
`--MacronyxBKB15
|--M. ameliaeJT12
|--M. aurantiigulaJT12
|--M. capensisJT12
|--M. croceusBKB15
|--M. flavicollis Rüppell 1840St05
|--M. flavigaster Swains. 1837F43
|--M. fuelleborniiJT12
|--M. grimwoodiJT12
`--M. sharpei Jackson 1904L03
Motacilla flava flava Linnaeus 1758 [incl. Budytes chlorocephalus Brehm 1850, B. fasciatus Brehm 1855 nec Motacilla fasciata Bechstein 1795 nec B. fasciatus Zander 1851 nec M. fasciata Brehm 1855, B. paradoxus Brehm 1855, B. superciliaris Brehm 1854]L03
Motacilla flava iberiae Hartert 1921 [=Budytes fasciatus Brehm ex Zander 1851 non Motacilla fasciata Bechstein 1795]L03
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.
Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[F17] Forster, T. 1817. A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to observations on British ornithology. Nichols, Son, and Bentley: London.
[F43] Fraser, L. 1843. On Cricetomys gambianus and various species of birds from western Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 11: 51–53.
[G73] Gauntlett, F. M. 1973. Notes on some Kashmir birds. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 591–615.
[ICZN96] ICZN. 1996. Nine specific names of southern Afrotropical birds conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53: 292–294.
[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.
[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1–156.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis revised 10th ed. vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.
[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.
[Sc05] Schalow, H. 1905. Die Vögel der Arktis. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 79–288. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[St05] Steinheimer, F. D. 2005. Eduard Rüppel’s avian types at the Natural History Museum, Tring (Aves). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 233–264.
[V41] Vigne, G. T. 1841. Relating to a collection of birds formed in Thibet and Cashmere. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 9: 6–7.
[VP89] Viney, C., & K. Phillipps. 1989. Birds of Hong Kong 5th ed. Government Printer: Hong Kong.
[WBSJ82] Wild Bird Society of Japan. 1982. A Field Guide to the Birds of Japan. Kodansha International Ltd.: Tokyo.