Belongs within: Sciaroidea.
Contains: Sciophilini, Tetragoneurini, Gnoristini, Mycomya, Mycetophila, Zygomyia, Exechia, Allodia.
The Mycetophilidae are a family of fungus gnats characterised by having the wing veins M and CuA connected, if at all, near the level of crossvein h (Vockeroth 2009). Living representatives may be divided between the subfamilies Sciophilinae, in which the wings (if developed) have microtrichia irregularly arranged or absent, and Mycetophilinae, in which wings have microtrichia arranged in more or less regular longitudinal lines (Vockeroth 1981). The subfamily Eomycetinae was recognised by Hong (2002) for species from Eocene Chinese amber differing from Mycetophilinae in the absence of empodia.
Mycetophilinae are divided between Mycetophilini and Exechiini with Mycetophilini have slender, 14-segmented antennae and strong bristles on the anepisternum (Vockeroth 1981).
Characters (from Vockeroth 2009): Body length 1.8–8.7 mm. Colour yellow to brown or black, often patterned. Ocelli usually three, middle ocellus sometimes small or absent. Antenna no longer than body, with scape, pedicel and usually 14 flagellomeres. Palpus usually with basal palpifer and four palpal segments, the latter sometimes 1–3 in number. Hairs and bristles present on pronotum, scutum and scutellum; pleural sclerites and prosternum bare or with varied vestiture. Wing membrane with either or both macrotrichia and microtrichia. Male and female terminalia various, but with sclerites generally as in other nematocerous families. Female with tergite 10 sometimes weak or absent; cercus articulated with last sclerotised tergite, one- or two-segmented; two unsclerotised spermathecae apparently always present.
<==Mycetophilidae [Fungivoridae]
|--EomycetinaeH02
| |--EomycetiniH02
| | |--Eomyceta Hong 2002H02
| | | `--*E. chlora (Hong 1981) [=Boletina chlora]H02
| | |--Dongbeimyceta Hong 2002H02
| | | `--*D. melaina (Hong 1981) [=Boletina melaina]H02
| | |--Sinoboleta Hong 2002H02
| | | `--*S. acropteris (Hong 1981) [=Boletina acropteris]H02
| | `--Fushunoboleta Hong 2002H02
| | |--*F. uda (Hong 1981) [=Boletina uda]H02
| | `--F. pulvinata (Hong 1981) [=Boletina pulvinata]H02
| `--MinymycetiniH02
| |--Minymyceta Hong 2002H02
| | `--*M. latipterygis Hong 2002H02
| |--Asiamyceta Hong 2002H02
| | `--*A. liaoningensis Hong 2002H02
| |--Huaxiamyceta Hong 2002H02
| | `--*H. orientalis Hong 2002H02
| `--Bicornula Hong 2002H02
| |--*B. parva Hong 2002H02
| `--B. lata Hong 2002H02
|--Sciophilinae [Sciophilidae]V09
| | i. s.: AphrastomyiaV09
| | Adicroneura biocellataV81
| | Coelophthinia curtaV81
| | Garrettella shermaniV81
| | Drepanocercus ensiferV81
| | Aglaomyia gatineauV81
| | Acomoptera plexipusV81
| | Saigusaia cinctaV81
| | Speolepta leptogasterV81, P76c
| | Apolephthisa subincanaV81, JP76
| | Rondaniella dimidiataV09
| | Greenomyia joculatorV81
| | Megophthalmidia occidentalisV81
| | Acadia polyporiV81
| | Hadroneura rutilaV81
| | LeiellaV09
| | Eosciophila Hong 1974H02
| | `--*E. microtrichodis Hong 1974H02
| | Fushunosciophila Hong 2002H02
| | `--*F. furvis Hong 2002H02
| |--SciophiliniV81
| |--TetragoneuriniV81
| |--GnoristiniV81
| |--Allactoneura [Allactoneuridae, Allactoneurini]SS51
| | `--A. argentosquamosaSS51
| |--MycomyiniV81
| | |--MycomyaV09
| | `--NeoempheriaV81
| | |--N. baliopteraV81
| | `--N. stubbsi Chandler & Ribeiro 2003F05
| `--CycloneuriniSS51
| |--ProcycloneuraSS51
| `--Cycloneura Marshall 1896TE27
| |--*C. flava Marshall 1896TE27
| |--C. aberrans Tonnoir in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27
| `--C. triangulata Tonnoir in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27
`--MycetophilinaeV09
| i. s.: NeallodiaV09
|--MycetophiliniV81
| |--MycetophilaV09
| |--DynatosomaV81
| |--Macrobrachius productusV81
| |--ZygomyiaV81
| |--Sceptonia johannseniV81, V09
| |--OpistholobaSS51
| |--EpicyptaV81 [incl. DelopsisCM91, NeoaphelomeraV09, PlaturocyptaV09]
| | |--E. dilatata Tonnoir in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27
| | |--E. immaculata Tonnoir in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27
| | |--E. scatophoraV09
| | `--E. testataNNB93
| |--TrichontaV81
| | |--T. conjugensP76c
| | |--T. falcataP76c
| | |--T. mediastinalisP76c
| | `--T. vulcaniV09
| `--PhroniaV81
| |--P. braueriV09
| |--P. cordataV09
| |--P. cornutaP76c
| |--P. egregiaP76c
| |--P. mutabilisP76c
| `--P. tenuisJP76
`--Exechiini [Exechiinae]V81
|--ExechiaV09
|--Stigmatomeria crassicornisV81
|--Pseudobrachypeza bulbosaV81
|--Brachypeza radiataV81, G60
|--AllodiopsisV81
|--Tarnania tarnaniiV81, V09
|--Brevicornu Marshall 1896V81, TE27
|--AllodiaV81
|--CordylaV81
| |--C. fuscaP76c [=Mycetophila (Cordyla) fuscaG20]
| `--C. sixiP76c
|--AnatellaV81
| |--A. ciliataV09
| |--A. dampfiP76c
| |--A. novataP76c
| |--A. simpaticaP76c
| `--A. turiP76c
`--Rymosia Winnertz 1863V81, P86
|--R. (Rymosia) adventicia Plassmann 1986P86
|--R. bifida Edwards 1924P86
|--R. caucasia Plassmann 1976P76a
|--R. cretensisP76c
|--R. dziedzickiiP76c
|--R. guttataP76c
|--R. sagulata Plassmann 1976P76b
|--R. spinipes Winnertz 1863P86
`--R. triangularisV09
Mycetophilidae incertae sedis:
MessalaJP76
|--M. cinereaJP76
`--M. tenellaJP76
Parallodia lugensJP76
SyndocosiaV81
AntlemonV81
ParamorganiellaV81
RhynchoplatyuraV81
MetanepsiaV81
EchinopodiumV81
DolichodactylaV81
PalaeodocosiaV81
NeoantlemonCM91
AntriadophilaCM91
NicholsonomyiaCM91
PseudalyssiiniaCM91
EumanotaCM91
ParaleiaCM70
Prodocidia spectra Whalley 1985RJ93
AnacliniaP92
ArchaeboletinaP92
DianepsiaP92
EmpaliaP92
KelneriaP92
LoewiellaP92
PalaeoanacliniaP92
PalaeoboletinaP92
PalaeosynaphaP92
ProanacliniaP92
ProboletinaP92
ProneoglaphyropteraP92
SciobiaP92
SciomorphaP92
ScudderiellaP92
SynplastaP92
Burmacrocera petiolata Cockerell 1917P92
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[CM70] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1970. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 656–740. Melbourne University Press.
[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.
[G60] Gatenby, J. B. 1960. The Australasian mycetophilid glowworms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 577–593.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.
[JP76] Joost, W., & E. Plassmann. 1976. Mycetophiliden aus dem Zentralkaukasus (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 67–68.
[NNB93] Neubert, H., W. Nowotny & K. Baumann. 1993. Die Myxomyceten: Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Österreichs vol. 1. Ceratiomyxales, Echinosteliales, Liceales, Trichiales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag: Gomaringen.
[P76a] Plassmann, E. 1976a. Zwei neue Pilzmücken aus dem Kaukasus (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 69–70.
[P76b] Plassmann, E. 1976b. Vier neue Mycetophiliden aus der ökologischen Station Messaure/Schweden (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 73–76.
[P76c] Plassmann, E. 1976c. Vierter Nachtrag zu der Mycetophiliden-Sammlung des Senckenberg-Museums Frankfurt am Main (Diptera; Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 77–79.
[P86] Plassmann, E. 1986. Neun neue Pilzmücken aus der Westpaläarktis (Diptera, Nematocera, Mycetophilidae). Spixiana 9 (2): 143–150.
[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SS51] Shaw, F. R., & M. M. Shaw. 1951. Relationships of certain genera of fungus gnats of the family Mycetophilidae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117 (3): 1–23.
[TE27] Tonnoir, A. L., & F. W. Edwards. 1927. New Zealand fungus gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 747–878.
[V81] Vockeroth, J. R. 1981. Mycetophilidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 223–246. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.
[V09] Vockeroth, J. R. 2009. Mycetophilidae (fungus gnats). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 267–278. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.