Nephriticeratidae

Belongs within: Barrandeoceratidae.

The Nephriticeratidae were a family of barrandeocerid cephalopods found from the Lower to Middle Devonian, making them among the latest surviving members of this group. Mostly coiled species, the Nephriticeratidae also included forms such as the cyrtoconic Nephriticerina and the torticonic Sphyradoceras.

Characteristics (from Sweet 1964): Mostly depressed cyrtocones, gyrocones, serpenticones or sinistral torticones with large orthochoanitic to suborthochoanitic siphuncle, segments of siphuncle tending to be slightly inflated; siphuncle subcentral or displaced towards either dorsum or venter.

<==Nephriticeratidae [Nephritidae, Rhadinoceracea, Rhadinoceratidae, Sphyradoceratidae]
    |--Sphyradoceras Hyatt 1884S64
    |    |--*S. clio (Hall 1861) [=Trochoceras clio]S64
    |    |--S. debile [=Trochoceras debile]H84
    |    `--S. nodosum [=Trochoceras nodosum]H84
    `--+--Baeopleuroceras Williams in Cooper & Williams 1935 [=Baepleuroceras (l. c.)]S64
       |    `--*B. incipiens Williams in Cooper & Williams 1935S64
       |--Nephriticeras Hyatt 1884S64
       |    `--*N. bucinum (Hall 1860) [=Nautilus bucinum]S64
       |--Rhadinoceras Hyatt 1894S64
       |    `--*R. cornulum (Hall 1876)S64 [=Nautilus cornulumS64, Nephriticeras cornulumH84]
       `--Endoplanoceras Flower 1938S64
            `--*E. gomphus Flower 1938S64
Nephriticeratidae incertae sedis:
  Cyrtoceras Conrad 1838S64
    |--*C. maximum Conrad 1838 (n. d.)S64
    |--C. baffinensis Schuchert 1900P68
    |--C. cessator Hall & Whitfield 1877P68
    |--C. clintonense Foerste 1893P68
    |--C. cornulum Schuchert 1900P68
    |--C. expansum Kindle 1901P68
    |--C. genuinum Barrande 1877TM20
    |--C. hitzi Foerste 1910P68
    |--C. lineatumP68
    |--C. nevadense Walcott 1884P68
    |--C. peculiare Girty 1911P68
    |--C. rectum Whitfield 1878P68
    |--C. repletulumT64
    `--C. (Glyptoceras) subcompressumP68
  Heracloceras Teichert 1940 [=Gigantoceras Hyatt in Zittel 1900 non Holland 1893]S64
    `--*H. inelegans (Meek 1871) [=Gyroceratites (Nautilus) inelegans, *Gigantoceras inelegans]S64
  Lyrioceras Foerste 1927S64
    `--*L. liratum (Hall 1860) [=Gyroceras liratum]S64
  Nephriticerina Foerste 1927S64
    `--*N. alpenensis Foerste 1927S64
  Triplooceras Hyatt 1884S64
    `--*T. insperatum (Barrande 1877) [=Nautilus insperatus]S64

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.

[S64] Sweet, W. C. 1964. Nautiloidea—Barrandeocerida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K368–K382. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.

[T64] Teichert, C. 1964. Morphology of hard parts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K13–K53. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.

[TM20] Turek, V., & Š. Manda. 2020. Discontinuous, asymmetric and irregular colour patterns in Silurian oncocerids (Nautiloidea) with cyrtoconic shells. Bulletin of Geosciences 95 (3): 333–367.