Belongs within: Gastropoda.
Contains: Craspedostomatoidea, Oriostomatoidea, Paraturbinoidea, Vltaviellidae, Platyceratidae, Naticopsoidea, Helicinoidea, Neritoidea, Neritopsidae.
The Neritimorpha are a phylogenetically isolated group of gastropods including marine, freshwater and terrestrial forms. The shell comprises calcitic outer layers and thick aragonitic inner layers (Knight et al. 1960). Modern neritimorphs belong to the Cycloneritimorpha; it remains uncertain whether the Palaeozoic Cyrtoneritimorpha are properly placed here. The Cycloneritimorpha are characterised by a strongly convolute protoconch, while that of the Cyrtoneritimorpha is open-coiled and hook-like. The teleoconch of cyrtoneritimorphs may be limpet-like (Orthonychia), naticiform (Vltaviellinae) or turbiniform (Krameriellinae) (Frýda & Heidelberger 2003). Members of the Cycloneritimorpha include the Symmetrocapulidae, a Mesozoic group of limpet-like shells with a submedian downcurved summit leading to an anteriorly placed and directed beak (Knight et al. 1960).
Characters (Knight et al. 1960, as Neritopsina): Shell commonly coiled and ovoid or globular, more rarely capuliform or patelliform; whorls few; spire, if protruding at all, relatively low; outer shell layers calcitic, unusually stable in fossils, commonly preserving color pattern; inner layers thick, aragonitic, lamellar but not nacreous; operculum (not developed in a few genera) commonly calcareous, in many post-Paleozoic genera with processes projecting from inner face and gripping inner lip; living forms with left kidney only; single, hipectinate ctenidium present on left except in terrestrial forms, attached at its base only; single hypobranchial gland also present; heart with 2 auricles, right one in some reduced or with single auricle; pallial genital organs developed and complex, fertilization internal; retractor muscles paired; radula rhipidoglossate, with outermost admedians large, capituliform.
<==Neritimorpha [Neritaemorpha, Neritomorpha, Neritopsina]
| i. s.: MagnicapitatusPE94
| CraspedostomatoideaBR05
| Nerrhena Heidelberger & Bandel 1999 [Nerrhenidae, Nerrhenoidea]BR05
| `--*N. aequistriata (Kirchner 1915) [=Turbo aequistriatus]BR17
| OriostomatoideaBR05
| ParaturbinoideaBR05
| Paffrathopsis subcostataF12
| Bandelopsis oregonensisF12
| Weitschatopsis pulchraF12
|--Cyrtoneritida [Cyrtoneritimorpha]BR17
| |--VltaviellidaeFH03
| |--PlatyceratidaeF12
| `--Orthonychia Hall 1843FH03 [incl. Geronticeras Grabau 1936KC60, Igoceras Hall 1860KC60; Orthonychiidae]
| |--*O. subrecta (Hall 1859) [=Platyceras (*Orthonychia) subrectum]KC60
| |--O. bowsheri (Yochelson 1956) [=Platyceras (Orthonychia) bowsheri]TTE93
| |--O. infundibulum [=Platyceras (Orthonychia) infundibulum]BL78
| |--O. parvaF12
| |--O. proteiF12
| `--O. ungula (Etheridge 1898) [=Platyceras (Orthonychia) ungula, Rhabdocantha ungula]W63
`--Cycloneritida [Azeugobranchia, Azygobranchia, Cycloneritimorpha, Neritacea, Neritoina, Planilabiata]BR17
| i. s.: Hypodema de Koninck 1853KC60
| `--*H. dumontianum (de Koninck 1843) [=Calceola dumontiana]KC60
| Platyostomella Etheridge 1880 [=Platystomella Lindström 1884]KC60
| `--*P. scotoburdigalensis (Etheridge 1878) [=Littorina scotoburdigalensis]KC60
| ‘Catinella’ Stache 1877 non Pease 1870 (n. d.)KC60
| `--*C. depressa Stache 1877 (n. d.)KC60
| Neritomopsis Waagen 1880 (n. d.)KC60
| `--*N. minuta Waagen 1880 (n. d.)KC60
| Catubrina Caneva 1906 (n. d.)KC60
| `--*C. solitaria (Caneva 1906) (n. d.) [=Neritomopsis (*Catubrina) solitaria]KC60
| Proboscidia Merla 1931 (n. d.)KC60
| `--*P. elongata (Merla 1931) (n. d.) [=Neritomopsis (*Proboscidia) elongata]KC60
| Symmetrocapulidae [Symetrocapulinae, Symmetrocapulinae, Symmetrocapuloidea]BR05
| |--Phryx Blaschke 1905KC60
| | `--*P. bilateralis (Blaschke 1905) [=Capulus (*Phryx) bilateralis]KC60
| `--Symmetrocapulus Dacqué 1934 [=Symetrocapulus (l. c.)]BR05
| |--S. tessoni (Eudes-Deslongchamps 1843) (see below for synonymy)KC60
| `--S. hanaii Kase 1984TTE93
| NaticopsoideaBR17
|--PlagiothyridaeB00
| |--Plagiothyra Whidborne 1892B00
| | `--*P. purpurea (d’Archiac & de Verneuil 1842) [=Monodonta purpurea]BR17
| |--Dirachis Whidborne 1891B00
| | `--*D. atavus Whidborne 1891KC60
| `--Littorinides Knight 1937 [=Rhabdopleura de Koninck 1881 nec Allman 1869 nec Dawson 1870]KC60
| `--*L. solida (de Koninck 1843) [=Littorina solida]KC60
`--+--+--HelicinoideaB00
| `--NeritoideaB00
`--NeritopsoideaB00
|--NeritopsidaeB00
|--Pseudorthonychia Bandel & Frýda 1999BR05 [PseudorthonychiidaeB00]
| `--*P. alata (Laube 1869) [=Capulus alatus]BR17
|--Fedaiella Kittl 1894TE01 [FedaiellidaeBR17]
| `--*F. cuccensis (Mojsisovics 1873)BR17 [=Natica cuccensisTE01, Naticopsis (Fedaiella) cuccensisTE01]
|--Palaeonarica Kittl 1892 [Palaeonaricidae]BR17
| `--*P. pyrulaeformis (Klipstein 1843) [=Naticella pyrulaeformis]BR17
`--DelphinulopsidaeBR17
|--Delphinulopsis Laube 1868 [Delphinulopsinae]BR05
| `--D. binodosa (Münster 1841) [=Pleurotomaria binodosa; incl. *D. arietina Laube 1868]KC60
`--Platychilina Koken 1892B01 [=Platychelyne Tomlin 1931KC60; PlatychilininaeBR17]
|--*P. woehrmanni Koken 1892TE01
|--P. cainalloiKC60
|--P. obliqua Tong & Erwin 2001TE01
|--P. sinensis Tong & Erwin 2001TE01
`--P. tuberculataTE01
Symmetrocapulus tessoni (Eudes-Deslongchamps 1843) [=Patella tessoni; incl. P. rugosa Sowerby 1816 non Röding 1798, *Symmetrocapulus rugosus]KC60
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B00] Bandel, K. 2000. The new family Cortinellidae (Gastropoda, Mollusca) connected to a review of the evolutionary history of the subclass Neritimorpha. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie—Abhandlungen 217 (1): 111–129.
[B01] Bandel, K. 2001. The history of Theodoxus and Neritina connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda). Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institutes der Universität Hamburg 85: 65–164.
[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.
[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.
[BL78] Breimer, A., & N. G. Lane. 1978. Ecology and paleoecology. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 1 pp. T316–T347. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[F12] Frýda, J. 2012. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic gastropods inferred from their ontogeny. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 395–435. Springer.
[FH03] Frýda, J., & D. Heidelberger. 2003. Systematic position of Cyrtoneritimorpha within the class Gastropoda with description of two new genera from Siluro-Devonian strata of central Europe. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey 78 (1): 35–39.
[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.
[PE94] Pan H.-Z. & D. H. Erwin. 1994. Gastropod diversity patterns in south China during the Chihsia-Ladinian and their mass extinction. Palaeoworld 4: 249–262.
[TE01] Tong, J., & D. H. Erwin. 2001. Triassic gastropods of the southern Qinling Mountains, China. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 92: 1–47.
[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.
[W63] Waterhouse, J. B. 1963. Permian gastropods of New Zealand. Part 4—Platyceratacea, Anomphalacea, Neritacea, and correlations. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 6 (5): 817–842.