Belongs within: Octopoda.
Contains: Benthoctopus, Octopus.
The Octopodidae is a diverse group of benthic octopuses, including the majority of familiar octopus species. Suckers on the arms are biserial in Octopodinae and Bathypolypodinae but uniserial in the deep-sea Graneledoninae (O’Shea 1999).
Characters (from O’Shea 1999): Body muscular to gelatinous; suckers uniserial or biserial; radula heterodont, occasionally homodont; digestive gland anterior to stomach and caecum; hectocotylised arm not autotomised at maturity; mantle-locking apparatus absent; shell vestige occasionally present as stylets in mantle; ink sac present or absent; light organs absent.
<==Octopodidae [Heteroglossa, Octopodoidea] | i. s.: MegaleledoneO99 | HapalochlaenaO99 | |--H. lunulata Quoy & Gaimard 1832WBS-S15 | `--H. maculosaBRW98 | Pteroctopus tetracirrusO99, PP64 | CistopusO99 | VosseledoneH88 | Scaeurgus unicirrusBRW98, PP64 | AbdopusWBS-S15 |--BathypolypodinaeO99 | |--BenthoctopusO99 | |--Grimpella Robson 1928BRW98 | | `--G. thaumastocheirO99 | `--BathypolypusO99 | |--B. arcticusO99 | |--B. faeroensis (Russell 1909)O99 | `--B. spondalisS72 |--Eledone [Eledoninae]O99 | | i. s.: E. caparti Adam 1950H88 | | E. cirrhosa (Lamarck 1798)H88 | | E. gaucha Haimovici 1988H88 | | E. massyae Voss 1964H88 | | E. palari Lu & Stranks 1991MG-H11 | | E. thysanophora Voss 1962H88 | |--E. (Eledone) moschata (Lamarck 1798)G20, H88 | `--E. (Ocithoe)G20 | |--E. (O.) antiquorumG20 | `--E. (O.) cranchiiG20 |--OctopodinaeO99 | |--OctopusO99 | |--Ameloctopus Norman 1992O99 | | `--A. litoralis Norman 1992WBS-S15 | |--Pinnoctopus d’Orbigny 1845O99 (see below for synonymy) | | |--*P. cordiformis (Quoy & Gaimard 1832) (see below for synonymy)O99 | | |--‘Robsonella’ australis (Hoyle 1885)P61 | | |--‘Octopus fontanianus’ Robson 1929 non d’Orbigny 1835 [=*Joubinia fontanianus, *Robsonella fontanianus]O99 | | `--P. kermadecensis (Berry 1914) [=Polypus kermadecensis]O99 | `--Enteroctopus Gould 1852O99 | |--*E. megalocyathus Gould 1852O99 | |--E. dofleini [=Octopus dofleini]O99 | |--E. magnificusO99 | `--E. zealandicus (Benham 1944) [=Paroctopus zealandicus]O99 `--Graneledoninae [Pareledoninae]O99 |--PareledoneO99 |--Bentheledone albidaO99 |--Velodona togataO99 |--Thaumeledone Robson 1930O99 | |--*T. brevis (Hoyle 1885) [=Eledone brevis]O99 | |--T. gunteriO99 | |--T. marshalli O’Shea 1999O99 | `--T. zeiss O’Shea 1999O99 `--Graneledone Joubin 1918O99 |--*G. verrucosa (Verrill 1881) [=Eledone verrucosa, Moschites verrucosa]O99 | |--G. v. verrucosaO99 | `--G. v. media Joubin 1918O99 |--G. antarctica Voss 1976O99 |--G. boreopacificaO99 |--G. challengeri (Berry 1916) [=Moschites challengeri, Eledone challengeri, M. verrucosa var. challengeri]O99 |--G. macrotylaO99 |--G. pacifica Voss & Pearcy 1990O99 `--G. taniwha O’Shea 1999O99 |--G. t. taniwhaO99 `--G. t. kubodera O’Shea 1999O99
Pinnoctopus d’Orbigny 1845O99 [incl. CallistoctopusO99, Joubinia Robson 1930 (preoc.)O99, Macroctopus Robson 1928O99, P61, Robsonella Adam 1938O99]
*Pinnoctopus cordiformis (Quoy & Gaimard 1832) [=Octopus cordiformis; incl. O. (Macroctopus) communis Park 1885, Polypus communis, O. flindersi Cotton 1932, O. maorum Hutton 1880, *Macroctopus maorum, Polypus maorum]O99
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BRW98] Beesley, P. L., G. J. B. Ross & A. Wells (eds) 1998. Fauna of Australia vol. 5. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Part A. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[H88] Haimovici, M. 1988. Eledone gaucha, a new species of eledonid octopod (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from southern Brazil. Nautilus 102 (2): 82–87.
[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[O99] O’Shea, S. 1999. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Octopoda (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 112: 1–280.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.
[S72] Stunkard, H. W. 1972. Clarification of taxonomy in the Mesozoa. Systematic Zoology 21 (2): 210–214.
[WBS-S15] Willan, R. C., C. Bryce & S. M. Slack-Smith. 2015. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: molluscs. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 287–343.