Belongs within: Phasiani.
The Odontophoridae, New World quails, are a group of smaller gamebirds found in North and South America. They are characterised by lacking spurs on the legs and possessing a single serration or tooth on the cutting edge of the upper bill. Recent analyses have also identified the African stone partridges Ptilopachus as basal members of the family. Other members include the bobwhites of the genus Colinus which have mostly rufous plumage, with a white or buff throat and brow stripe.
<==Odontophoridae [Callipeplinae, Odontophorinae, Ortyginae]BKB15
|--+--‘Francolinus’ nahaniBKB15
| `--Ptilopachus Swainson 1837BKB15, B94 [Ptilopachini]
| |--P. nahaniAP21
| `--P. petrosusBKB15
`--+--CyrtonyxBKB15
| |--C. montezumaeBKB15
| | |--C. m. montezumaeL81
| | |--C. m. mearnsiL81
| | `--C. m. merriamiUSDI77
| `--C. ocellatusJT12
`--+--Oreortyx pictus (Douglas 1829)BKB15, CC10 [=Ortyx pictaCC10, Oregon pictusCC10, Oreortyx pictaCC10]
| |--O. p. pictusL81
| |--O. p. confinisRN72
| |--O. p. palmeriL81
| `--O. p. russelliRN72
`--+--Callipepla Wagler 1832BKB15, CC10 [incl. Lophortyx Bonaparte 1838CC10]
| |--C. squamataBKB15 [incl. *C. strenuaCC10]
| | |--C. s. squamataL81
| | |--C. s. castanogastrisL81
| | `--C. s. pallidaL81
| `--+--C. douglasiiBKB15 [=Lophortyx douglasiiRN72]
| | |--C. d. douglasiiRN72
| | `--‘Lophortyx’ d. bensoniRN72
| `--+--C. californica (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder 1798)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--C. c. californicaCC10
| | |--C. c. brunnescens (Ridgway 1884) [=Lophortyx californica brunnescens]CC10
| | |--‘Lophortyx’ c. catalinensisL81
| | `--‘Lophortyx’ c. plumbeusL81
| `--C. gambeliiBKB15 [=Lophortyx gambeliiMW04]
`--Colinus Goldfuss 1820BKB15, B94 [incl. Ortyx Stephens 1819B94]
|--‘Ortyx’ castanea Gould 1842G42
|--C. cristatusBKB15
| |--C. c. cristatusPP62
| |--C. c. parvicristatus (Gould 1843) [=Ortyx parvicristatus]PP62
| `--C. c. sonniniPP62
|--‘Ortyx’ fasciatus Natterer in Gould 1843G43b
|--‘Ortyx’ leucophrys Gould 1843G43b
|--C. leucopogonJT12
|--‘Ortyx’ leucotis Gould 1843G43b
|--C. nigrogularis (Gould 1842)JT12, G42 [=Ortyx nigrogularisG42]
|--‘Ortyx’ pectoralis Gould 1842G42
|--‘Ortyx’ sonniniG43a
`--C. virginianus (Linnaeus 1758)CC10 (see below for synonymy)
|--C. v. virginianusCC10
|--C. v. cubanensisL81
|--C. v. floridanusL81
|--C. v. ridgwayiL81
|--C. v. taylori Lincoln 1915CC10
`--C. v. texanusL81
Odontophoridae incertae sedis:
Odontophorus Vieillot 1816B94
|--O. atrifronsJT12
|--O. ballivianiJT12
|--O. capueiraJT12
|--O. columbianusJT12
|--O. dialeucosJT12
|--O. erythropsJT12
|--O. gujanensisJT12
| |--O. g. gujanensisS18
| `--O. g. marmoratus (Gould 1843)S18, G43a [=Ortyx (Odontophorus) marmoratusG43a]
|--O. guttatusJT12
|--O. hyperythrusJT12
|--O. leucolaemusJT12
|--O. melanonotusJT12
|--O. melanotisJT12
|--O. speciosusJT12
|--O. stellatus (Gould 1842)JT12, G42 [=Ortyx (Odontophorus) stellataG42]
`--O. strophium (Gould 1843)JT12, G43b [=Ortyx (Odontophorus) strophiumG43b]
Philortyx fasciatusJT12
Rhynchortyx cinctusJT12
DendrortyxJT12
|--D. barbatusJT12
|--D. leucophrysJT12
`--D. macrouraJT12
Dactylortyx thoracicusJT12
Nanortyx inexpectatus Weigel 1963M09
Callipepla californica (Shaw in Shaw & Nodder 1798)BKB15, CC10 [=Tetrao californicusCC10, *Lophortyx californicaCC10, Ortyx californicaCC10, O. californicusCC10]
Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus 1758)CC10 [=Tetrao virginianusCC10, Ortyx virginanus (l. c.)CC10, O. virginianaCC10, Perdix virginianusJ23]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.
[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.
[G42] Gould, J. 1842. On various new species of Ortyx. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 10: 181–184.
[G43a] Gould, J. 1843a. On nine new birds collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 11: 103–108.
[G43b] Gould, J. 1843b. Descriptions of four new species of Ortyx. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 11: 132–134.
[J23] James, E. 1823. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and ’20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, sec’y of war: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party vol. 1. H. C. Carey & I. Lea: Philadelphia.
[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.
[L81] Long, J. L. 1981. Introduced Birds of the World: The worldwide history, distribution and influence of birds introduced to new environments. Reed: Sydney.
[M09] Mayr, G. 2009. Paleogene Fossil Birds. Springer.
[MW04] Mayr, G., & I. Weidig. 2004. The Early Eocene bird Gallinuloides wyomingensis—a stem group representative of Galliformes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (2): 211–217.
[PP62] Phelps, W. H., & W. H. Phelps, Jr. 1962. Two new subspecies of birds from Venezuela, the rufous phase of Pauxi pauxi, and other notes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 199–204.
[RN72] Rutgers, A., & K. A. Norris (eds.) 1972. Encyclopaedia of Aviculture vol. 1. Blandford Press: London.
[S18] Stone, W. 1918. Birds of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to a collection made by Mr. Lindsey L. Jewel. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 70: 239–280.
[USDI77] United States Department of the Interior. 1977. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants—republication of list of species. Federal Register 42: 36420–36431.