Belongs within: Ranunculales.
Contains: Meconopsis, Corydalis, Papaver.
The Papaveraceae are a mostly Northern Hemisphere family of flowering plants including the poppies and related taxa. Laticifers, latex-producing secretory cells, are present in the stems of members of the subfamilies Eschscholzioideae and Papaveroideae. Fumarioideae bear bilateral or biradial flowers with four petals, with one or both outer petals pouched or spurred at the base (Hickman 1993).
Characters (from M. Zhang et al.): Herbs, annual, biennial, monocarpic perennial, perennial, or shrubby. Laticifers or elongated idioblasts present. Leaves alternate or in a basal rosette, rarely opposite or whorled, usually without stipules; leaf blade entire to compound. Inflorescences racemes, panicles, dichasia, pseudoumbels, or solitary flowers. Flowers actinomorphic, bisymmetric, or zygomorphic, always bisexual, usually 2-merous, rarely 3- or 4-merous. Calyx caducous, green or petaloid. Corolla choripetalous or quasi-sympetalous, very rarely absent. Anthers opening by slits. Ovary superior, syncarpous with 2 to several carpels; placentation parietal.
Papaveraceae
|--Hypecoum [Hypecoaceae, Hypecoideae]T00
| `--H. leptocarpumO88
|--EschscholzioideaeT00
| |--Hunnemannia fumariifoliaT00, H93
| |--DendromeconT00
| | |--D. harfordii [=D. rigida ssp. harfordii; incl. D. harfordii var. rhamnoides, D. rigida ssp. rhamnoides]H93
| | `--D. rigidaH93
| `--EschscholziaT00
| |--E. caespitosaH93
| |--E. californicaH93 (see below for synonymy)
| |--E. cristata [=Esholtzia (l. c.) cristata]C55
| |--E. glyptospermaH93
| |--E. hypecoidesH93
| |--E. lemmoniiH93
| | |--E. l. ssp. lemmoniiH93
| | `--E. l. ssp. kernensis [=E. caespitosa ssp. kernensis]H93
| |--E. lobbiiH93
| |--E. minutiflora [incl. E. minutiflora ssp. covillei, E. minutiflora ssp. twisselmannii]H93
| |--E. parishiiH93
| |--E. ramosaH93
| `--E. rhombipetalaH93
|--Fumarioideae [Fumariaceae]T00
| |--CorydalisNDG98
| |--DicentraNDG98
| | |--D. chrysanthaH93
| | |--D. cucullariaHH03
| | |--D. formosa [incl. D. formosa ssp. oregana]H93
| | |--D. nevadensisH93
| | |--D. ochroleucaH93
| | |--D. paucifloraH93
| | |--D. spectabilisH90
| | `--D. unifloraH93
| `--FumariaC06
| |--F. bastardiiH90
| |--F. capreolataOS04
| |--F. densiflora [incl. F. micrantha]H90
| |--F. indica [=F. vaillantii var. indica]H90
| |--F. macrocarpaPT98
| |--F. muralis [=F. capreolata ssp. muralis]C06
| |--F. officinalisC06
| | |--F. o. ssp. officinalisH90
| | `--F. o. ssp. wirtgeniiH90
| |--F. pallidifloraR13
| `--F. parvifloraPT98
`--Papaveroideae [Platystemonoideae]T00
|--PapaverC06
|--Platystemon californicus (see below for synonymy)H93
|--Canbya candidaH93
|--Stylomecon heterophyllaH93
|--RomneyaH93
| |--R. coulteriH93
| `--R. trichocalyxH93
|--ArctomeconH93
| |--A. californicaH93
| `--A. merriamiiH93
|--MeconellaH93
| |--M. californicaH93
| |--M. denticulata [=M. oregana var. denticulata]H93
| `--M. linearis [=Hesperomecon linearis]H93
|--GlauciumH93
| |--G. corniculatumY98
| |--G. flavumC06
| |--G. luteum [incl. Chelidonium glaucium]C55
| `--G. violaceumC55
`--ArgemoneH93
|--A. albaJ23
|--A. corymbosaH93
|--A. mexicanaPP07
|--A. munita [incl. A. munita ssp. argentea, A. munita ssp. robusta, A. munita ssp. rotundata]H93
|--A. ochroleuca [=A. mexicana var. ochroleuca]H90
`--A. subfusiformisH90
Papaveraceae incertae sedis:
Sanguinaria canadensisBA03
Bocconia frutescensBA03
StylophorumBA03
Dicranostigma lactucoidesO88
MeconopsisO88
Pseudofumaria albaGR98
Glaucinia flavaB88
Macleaya cordataV09
Chelidonium majusC06
Capnites (DC.) Dumort. 1827KC01
Eschscholzia californicaH93 [=Escholtzia (l. c.) californicaC55; incl. Eschs. californica ssp. mexicanaH93, Eschs. proceraH93]
Platystemon californicus [incl. P. californicus var. ciliatus, P. californicus var. crinitus, P. californicus var. horridulus, P. californicus var. nutans, P. californicus var. ornithopus]H93
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[J23] James, E. 1823. Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819 and ’20, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, sec’y of war: under the command of Major Stephen H. Long. From the notes of Major Long, Mr. T. Say, and other gentlemen of the exploring party vol. 1. H. C. Carey & I. Lea: Philadelphia.
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[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.
[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.
[PP07] Pandey, R. P., & P. M. Padhye. 2007. Studies on phytodiversity of Arid Machia Safari Park-Kailana in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 15–78.
[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95–116.
[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.
[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.
[V09] Verdcourt, B. (ed.) 2009. Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XXVI. Miscellaneous records. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 183–194.
[Y98] Yannitsaros, A. 1998. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28: 77–94.