Belongs within: Rhynchonellata.
Contains: Stricklandioidea, Gypidulidae, Clorindinae, Pentameridae, Virgianidae, Huenellidae, Clarkellidae, Camerellidae, Parastrophinidae, Tetralobulidae.
The Pentamerida are a group of brachiopods with an impunctate shell and an unrestricted pedicle opening, known from the Middle Cambrian to the Upper Devonian. In the Middle Cambrian to Lower Devonian Porambonitacea, the brachiophores are united by supporting plates of variable length. In the Middle Ordovician to Upper Devonian Pentameridina, the inner such plates are long and curved outward to meet the lateral walls of the valve (Amsden & Biernat 1965).
Porambonitacea include the Middle Cambrian Cambrotrophia in which the spondylium is absent and brachiophore plates are poorly developed (Amsden & Biernat 1965).
Characters (Amsden & Biernat 1965): Generally biconvex shells with pedicle spondylium; delthyrium may be unmodified or at least partly closed by deltidium. Brachial valve with brachial processes, commonly braced at their posterior end by supporting plates and usually terminating blindly (ending in a loop in Enantiosphenidae). Shell impunctate.
<==Pentamerida
| i. s.: Tcherskidium Nikolaev & Sapelnikov 1969RZJ04
| Galeatellina Sapelnikov & Rukavishnikova 1976RZJ04
| Vosmiverstum Breivel & Breivel 1970RZJ04
|--Pentameridina [Pentameracea]RZJ04
| | i. s.: ParallelelasmatidaeAB65
| | |--Parallelelasma Cooper 1956AB65
| | | `--*P. pentagonum Cooper 1956AB65
| | |--Didymelasma Cooper 1956AB65
| | | `--*D. longicrurum Cooper 1956AB65
| | |--Metacamerella Reed 1917AB65
| | | `--*M. balcletchiensis (Davidson 1883) [=Stricklandinia balcletchiensis]AB65
| | `--Salonia Cooper & Whitcomb 1933AB65
| | `--*S. magnaplicata Cooper & Whitcomb 1933AB65
| |--StricklandioideaRZJ04
| |--GypidulidaeRZJ04
| |--ClorindinaeRZJ04
| `--PentameroideaRZJ04
| | i. s.: Eokirkidium Khodalevich & Sapelnikov 1970RZJ04
| | Vagranella Sapelnikov 1960RZJ04
| | `--V. diversoplicata Sapelnikov 1960RZJ04
| | Subriana Sapelnikov 1960RZJ04
| | Mariannaella Sapelnikov & Rukavishnikova 1975RZJ04
| | Lissidium Lenz 1989RZJ04
| |--PentameridaeRZJ04
| |--VirgianidaeRZJ04
| `--Enantiosphen Whidborne 1893AB65 [EnantiosphenidaeHB93]
| `--*E. vicaryi (Davidson 1882) [=Meganteris vicaryi]AB65
`--Syntrophiidina [Porambonitacea, Syntrophiacea, Syntrophioidea]WCB00
|--HuenellidaeAB65
|--ClarkellidaeAB65
|--CamerellidaeAB65
|--ParastrophinidaeAB65
|--TetralobulidaeAB65
|--Cambrotrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1937 [=Eostrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1936 non Dall 1890; Eostrophiidae]AB65
| `--*C. cambria (Walcott 1908) [=Syntrophia cambrica, *Eostrophia cambria]AB65
|--BrevicameridaeHB93
| |--Vaga sinualis Sapelnikov & Rukavishnikova 1973HB93
| `--Brevicamera Cooper 1956AB65
| `--*B. camerata Cooper 1956AB65
|--SyntrophiidaeAB65
| |--Xenelasmella perplexa Liu et al. 1984HB93
| |--Xenelasma Ulrich & Cooper 1936 [Xenelasmatinae, Xenelasminae]AB65
| | `--*X. syntrophioides Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
| `--Syntrophia Hall & Clarke 1893 [Syntrophiinae]AB65
| |--*S. lateralis (Whitfield 1886) [=Triplecia lateralis]AB65
| |--S. barabuensis (Winchell 1864)W08
| |--S. calcifera (Billings 1861)W08
| |--S. gigantea Ross 1987HB93
| |--S. nundina (Walcott 1905)W08
| |--S. primordialis (Whitfield 1878)W08
| |--S. rotundata (Walcott 1905)W08
| |--S. toryniferaAB65
| `--S. unxia Walcott 1908W08
|--SyntrophopsidaeAB65
| |--Tcharella amgensis Andreeva 1987HB93
| |--Syntrophopsis Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
| | |--*S. magna Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
| | `--S. leviculaC52
| |--Hesperotrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
| | `--*H. obscura Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
| `--Rhysostrophia Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
| `--*R. nevadensis Ulrich & Cooper 1936AB65
`--Porambonites Pander 1830 [Porambonitidae, Porambonitoidea]AB65
| i. s.: P. latusPP99
| P. umbonatus Cooper 1956HB93
|--P. (Porambonites)AB65
| |--*P. (P.) intermedia Pander 1830AB65
| |--P. (P.) reticulatus Pander 1830AB65
| `--P. (P.) schmidtiAB65
|--P. (Equirostra Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951) [=Isorhynchus King 1850 non Schoenherr 1833]AB65
| `--P. (*E.) aequirostris (von Schlotheim 1820) (see below for synonymy)AB65
`--P. (Noetlingia Hall & Clarke 1894)AB65
`--P. (*N.) tscheffkini (de Verneuil 1840) [=Spirifer tscheffkini]AB65
Porambonites (*Equirostra) aequirostris (von Schlotheim 1820) [=Terebratulites aequirostris, P. (*Isorhynchus) aequirostris]AB65
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AB65] Amsden, T. W., & G. Biernat. 1965. Pentamerida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H523–H552. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).
[C52] Cooper, G. A. 1952. New and unusual species of brachiopods from the Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117 (14): 1–35, 4 pls.
[HB93] Harper, D. A. T., C. H. C. Brunton, L. R. M. Cocks, P. Copper, E. N. Doyle, A. L. Jeffrey, E. F. Owen, M. A. Parkes, L. E. Popov & C. D. Prosser. 1993. Brachiopoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 427–462. Chapman & Hall: London.
[PP99] Pushkin, V. I., & L. E. Popov. 1999. Early Ordovician bryozoans from north-western Russia. Palaeontology 42: 171–189.
[RZJ04] Rong, J.-Y., R.-B. Zhan & J. Jin. 2004. The Late Odovician and Early Silurian pentameride brachiopod Holorhynchus Kiaer, 1902 from north China. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 287–299.
[W08] Walcott, C. D. 1908. Cambrian geology and paleontology. No. 3.—Cambrian Brachiopoda: descriptions of new genera and species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 53: 53–137.
[WCB00] Williams, A., S. J. Carlson & C. H. C. Brunton. 2000. Brachiopod classification. In: Kaesler, R. L. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda, Revised vol. 2. Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (part) pp. 1–27. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).