Belongs within: Pezizales.
The Pezizaceae are a group of fungi saprobic on soil, dung or very rotten wood, producing relatively large fruiting bodies (Kirk et al. 2001).
Characters (Kirk et al. 2001): Ascomata large, apothecial or cleistothecial, formed from a single ascogonium or ascogonial coil, some shade of brown, violaceous, yellow etc. (without carotenoid pigments), usually sessile, flat or cupulate, without setose hairs; if cleistothecial, ascomata solid or chambered, hypogeous or emergent. Interascal tissue of simple or moniliform paraphyses, often swollen and pigmented at apex. Asci cylindrical, persistent, operculate, wall blueing in iodine at least at tip (sometimes globose in cleistothecial taxa), ascal pores simple. Ascospores hyaline or pale brown, smooth or ornamented, often guttulate, uninucleate. Anamorphs hyphomycetous.
<==Pezizaceae
|--+--Sarcosphaera Auersw. 1869SS09, KC01 [incl. Caulocarpa Gilkey 1947KC01]
| | `--S. crassaSS09
| `--+--Plicaria Fuckel 1870SS09, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--P. leiocarpaSS09
| `--Pachyella Boud. 1907SS09, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
| `--P. babingtoniiSS09
`--Peziza Fr. 1822SS09, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
|--P. badiaGS02
|--P. badio-confusaSBM11
|--‘Chromelosporium’ fulvumKC01
|--P. proteanaLK04
|--P. quelepidotiaLK04
|--P. succosaLK04
|--P. urinophilaY03
|--P. variaSS09
`--P. vesiculosaJK06
Pezizaceae incertae sedis:
Amylascus Trappe 1971KC01
Boudiera Cooke 1877 [incl. Svrcekia Kubička 1960]KC01
Cazia Trappe 1989EB03O, KC01
Hapsidomyces Krug & Jeng 1984KC01
Hydnobolites Tul. & Tul. 1843KC01
`--H. cerebriformisH03
Hydnotryopsis Gilkey 1916KC01
Iodophanus Korf 1967KC01
Iodowynnea Medel, Guzmán & Chacón 1996KC01
Mycoclelandia Trappe & Beaton 1984 [=Clelandia Trappe 1979 non Black 1932]KC01
Pachyphloeus Tul. & Tul. 1844 [incl. Cryptica Hesse 1884, Pachyphlodes Zobel 1854]KC01
`--P. melanoxanthusEB03N
Rhodopeziza Hohmeyer & Moravec 1995KC01
Ruhlandiella Henn. 1903 [=Tremellodiscus Lloyd 1925 (n. d.)]KC01
Scabropezia Dissing & Pfister 1981KC01
`--S. scabrosaEB03N
Sphaerozone Zobel 1854KC01
Tirmania Chatin 1892KC01
Mattirolomyces Fisch. 1938H03, KC01
|--‘Terfezia’ austroafricanaH03
|--‘Terfezia’ decaryiH03
|--‘Terfezia’ spinosaH03
|--M. terfezioides [=Terfezia terfezioides]H03
`--M. tiffanyae Healy 2003H03
Pezizites Göpp. & Berendt 1845T93, KC01
Kimbropezia Korf & Zhuang 1991KC01
Muciturbo Talbot 1989KC01
Pachyella Boud. 1907SS09, KC01 [incl. Gorodkoviella Vassilkov 1969KC01, Peltidium Kalchbr. 1862 nec Zollik. 1820 nec Philippi 1839 (ICZN)KC01, Pulvinaria Velen. 1934 nec Bonord. 1851 nec Rodway 1918KC01]
Peziza Fr. 1822SS09, KC01 [incl. Aleuria (Fr.) Gillet 1879 non Fuckel 1870KC01, Aleurina (Sacc.) Sacc. & Syd. 1902 non Massee 1898KC01, Chromelosporium Corda 1833KC01, Daleomyces Setch. 1924KC01, Durandiomyces Seaver 1928KC01, Galactinia (Cooke) Boud. 1885KC01, Geoscypha (Cooke) Lambotte 1888KC01, Gonzala Adans. ex Léman. 1821KC01, Heteroplegma Clem. 1903KC01, Hydnoplicata Gilkey 1955KC01, Infundibulum Velen. 1934 non Montfort 1810 (ICZN)KC01, Iotidea Clem. 1909KC01, Lepidotia Boud. 1885KC01, Lycoperdellon Torrend 1913KC01, Napomyces Setch. ex Clem. & Shear 1931KC01, Ostracoderma Fr. 1825KC01, Paramitra Benedix 1962KC01, Pfistera Korf & Zhuang 1991KC01, Phaeopezia (Vido) Sacc. 1884KC01, Podaleuris Clem. 1909KC01, Scodellina Gray 1821KC01, Tomentelleopsis Orlova 1959KC01]
Plicaria Fuckel 1870SS09, KC01 [=Discaria (Sacc.) Sacc. 1889 non Hook. 1830KC01; incl. Curreyella Massee 1895KC01, Detonia Sacc. 1889KC01, Leptopeza Otth 1871KC01, Phaeobarlaea Henn. 1903 (n. n.)KC01, Plicariella (Sacc.) Rehm 1894KC01]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[EB03N] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, T. Laessøe & G. Rambold (eds.) 2003. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 3580–3623. Myconet 9: 91–103.
[EB03O] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1–89.
[GS02] Gibas, C. F. C., L. Sigler, R. C. Summerbell & R. S. Currah. 2002. Phylogeny of the genus Arachnomyces and its anamorphs and the establishment of Arachnomycetales, a new eurotiomycete order in the Ascomycota. Studies in Mycology 47: 131–139.
[H03] Healy, R. A. 2003. Mattirolomyces tiffanyae, a new truffle from Iowa, with ultrastructural evidence for its classification in the Pezizaceae. Mycologia 95 (4): 765–772.
[JK06] James, T. Y., F. Kauff, C. L. Schoch, P. B. Matheny, V. Hofstetter, C. J. Cox, G. Celio, C. Gueidan, E. Fraker, J. Miadlikowska, H. T. Lumbsch, A. Rauhut, V. Reeb, A. E. Arnold, A. Amtoft, J. E. Stajich, K. Hosaka, G.-H. Sung, D. Johnson, B. O’Rourke, M. Crockett, M. Binder, J. M. Curtis, J. C. Slot, Z. Wang, A. W. Wilson, A. Schüßler, J. E. Longcore, K. O’Donnell, S. Mozley-Standridge, D. Porter, P. M. Letcher, M. J. Powell, J. W. Taylor, M. M. White, G. W. Griffith, D. R. Davies, R. A. Humber, J. B. Morton, J. Sugiyama, A. Y. Rossman, J. D. Rogers, D. H. Pfister, D. Hewitt, K. Hansen, S. Hambleton, R. A. Shoemaker, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, R. A. Spotts, M. Serdani, P. W. Crous, K. W. Hughes, K. Matsuura, E. Langer, G. Langer, W. A. Untereiner, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, D. M. Geiser, A. Aptroot, P. Diederich, I. Schmitt, M. Schultz, R. Yahr, D. S. Hibbett, F. Lutzoni, D. J. McLaughlin, J. W. Spatafora & R. Vilgalys. 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443: 818–822.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[LK04] Lutzoni, F., F. Kauff, C. J. Cox, D. McLaughlin, G. Celio, B. Dentinger, M. Padamsee, D. Hibbett, T. Y. James, E. Baloch, M. Grube, V. Reeb, V. Hofstetter, C. Schoch, A. E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, J. Spatafora, D. Johnson, S. Hambleton, M. Crockett, R. Shoemaker, G.-H. Sung, R. Lücking, T. Lumbsch, K. O’Donnell, M. Binder, P. Diederich, D. Ertz, C. Gueidan, K. Hansen, R. C. Harris, K. Hosaka, Y.-W. Lim, B. Matheny, H. Nishida, D. Pfister, J. Rogers, A. Rossman, I. Schmitt, H. Sipman, J. Stone, J. Sugiyama, R. Yahr & R. Vilgalys. 2004. Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits. American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1446–1480.
[SS09] Schoch, C. L., G.-H. Sung, F. López-Giráldez, J. P. Townsend, J. Miadlikowska, V. Hofstetter, B. Robbertse, P. B. Matheny, F. Kauff, Z. Wang, C. Gueidan, R. M. Andrie, K. Trippe, L. M. Ciufetti, A. Wynns, E. Fraker, B. P. Hodkinson, G. Bonito, J. Z. Groenewald, M. Arzanlou, G. S. de Hoog, P. W. Crous, D. Hewitt, D. H. Pfister, K. Peterson, M. Gryzenhout, M. J. Wingfield, A. Aptroot, S.-O. Suh, M. Blackwell, D. M. Hillis, G. W. Griffith, L. A. Castlebury, A. Y. Rossman, H. T. Lumbsch, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, A. Rauhut, P. Diederich, D. Ertz, D. M. Geiser, K. Hosaka, P. Inderbitzin, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, L. Mostert, K. O’Donnell, H. Sipman, J. D. Rogers, R. A. Shoemaker, J. Sugiyama, R. C. Summerbell, W. Untereiner, P. R. Johnston, S. Stenroos, A. Zuccaro, P. S. Dyer, P. D. Crittenden, M. S. Cole, K. Hansen, J. M. Trappe, R. Yahr, F. Lutzoni & J. W. Spatafora. 2009. The Ascomycota tree of life: a phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits. Systematic Biology 58 (2): 224–239.
[SBM11] Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg & D. W. Martin (eds) 2011. Biology 9th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
[T93] Taylor, T. N. 1993. Fungi. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 9–13. Chapman & Hall: London.
[Y03] Yamanaka, T. 2003. The effect of pH on the growth of saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi in vitro. Mycologia 95 (4): 584–589.