Belongs within: Palpatores.
Contains: Neopilionidae, Sclerosomatidae, Phalangiidae, Metopilio.
The Phalangioidea are a diverse clade of long-legged harvestmen, members of which are united by the possession of accessory spiracles in the tibiae of the legs. Subgroups include the Globipedidae, a recently recognised family of North American species with a leathery cuticle and lateral wings on the penis truncus (Kury & Cokendolpher 2020).
<==Phalangioidea
|--+--NeopilionidaeDL23
| `--Hesperopilio Shear 1996GS21, SC06
| |--*H. mainae Shear 1996SC06
| `--H. magnificus Shultz & Cekalovic 2006SC06
`--+--+--SclerosomatidaeDL23
| `--Protolophus Banks 1893C92 [ProtolophidaeDL23, Protolophinae, Protolophini]
| |--*P. tuberculatus Banks 1893C92
| |--P. cockerelli Goodnight & Goodnight 1942GG42
| |--P. differens Goodnight & Goodnight 1942GG42
| |--P. dixiensis Chamberlin 1925GG42
| |--P. longipes Schenkel 1951E90
| |--P. niger Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [incl. Parodiellus projectus Goodnight & Goodnight 1942]CH18
| |--P. rossi Goodnight & Goodnight 1943GG43
| `--P. singularis Banks 1893GG42
`--+--PhalangiidaeDL23
`--GlobipedidaeDL23
| i. s.: Diguetinus Roewer 1912KC20
| `--*D. raptator Roewer 1912C92
| Lanthanopilio Cokendolpher & Cokendolpher 1984KM20
| `--*L. chickeringi (Roewer 1956) [=Opilio chickeringi]C92
|--Dalquestia Cokendolpher 1984HT12, C92
| |--*D. formosa (Banks 1910)C92 [=Eurybunus formosusC92, Globipes formosusR23]
| |--D. conchoCS00
| |--D. grasshoffiHT12
| |--D. leucopyga Cokendolpher & Sissom 2000CS00
| |--D. rothorum Cokendolpher & Stockwell 1986CS00
| `--D. rugosa (Schenkel 1951)E90
`--+--Eurybunus Banks 1893HT12, C92
| |--*E. brunneus Banks 1893C92
| |--E. pallidus Goodnight & Goodnight 1943GG43
| |--E. riversi Goodnight & Goodnight 1943GG43
| `--E. spinosus Banks 1895R23
`--+--MetopilioGS21
`--Globipes Banks 1893HT12, C92
|--*G. spinulatus Banks 1893C92
|--G. schultzeiR56
`--G. simplex Schenkel 1951E90
Phalangioidea incertae sedis:
Oligoopilionus Ciobanu 1977C92
`--*O. aquaticus Ciobanu 1977C92
Petrunkevitchiana Mello-Leitão 1936C92
`--*P. oculata (Petrunkevitch 1922) [=Phalangium oculatum]C92
Kustarachne Scudder 1890DA05 [incl. Protopilio Petrunkevitch 1913KDM20; Kustarachnida, KustarachnidaeK13]
|--*K. tenuipes Scudder 1890KDM20
|--K. conica Petrunkevitch 1913S93
|--K. longipes (Petrunkevitch 1913) [=*Protopilio longipes, Nemastomoides longipes]KDM20
`--K. extincta (Melander 1903)S93
Vibone Kauri 1961GS21, VFG14
`--*V. vetusta Kauri 1961C92
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[CH18] Cokendolpher, J. C., & R. G. Holmberg. 2018. Harvestmen of the family Phalangiidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) in the Americas. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University 67: 1–44.
[CS00] Cokendolpher, J. C., & W. D. Sissom. 2000. Further contributions to the study of Dalquestia (Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae). Entomological News 111 (4): 243–249.
[C92] Crawford, R. L. 1992. Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 8: 1–60.
[DL23] Derkarabetian, S., A. Lord, K. Angier, E. Frigyik & G. Giribet. 2023. An Opiliones-specific ultraconserved element probe set with a near-complete family-level phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 187: 107887.
[DA05] Dunlop, J. A., & L. I. Anderson. 2005. A fossil harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones) from the Mississippian of East Kirkton, Scotland. Journal of Arachnology 33: 482–489.
[E90] Edgar, A. L. 1990. Opiliones (Phalangida). In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 529–581. John Wiley & Sones: New York.
[GS21] Giribet, G., K. Sheridan, C. M. Baker, C. J. Painting, G. I. Holwell, P. J. Sirvid & G. Hormiga. 2021. A molecular phylogeny of the circum-Antarctic Opiliones family Neopilionidae. Invertebrate Systematics 35: 827–849.
[GG42] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1942a. The genus Protolophus (Phalangida). American Museum Novitates 1157: 1–7.
[GG43] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1943. New and little known phalangids from the United States. American Midland Naturalist 29 (3): 643–656.
[HT12] Hedin, M., N. Tsurusaki, R. Macías-Ordóñez & J. W. Shultz. 2012. Molecular systematics of sclerosomatid harvestmen (Opiliones, Phalangioidea, Sclerosomatidae): geography is better than taxonomy in predicting phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): 224–236.
[K13] Kury, A. B. 2013. Order Opiliones Sundevall, 1833. Zootaxa 3703: 27–33.
[KC20] Kury, A. B., & J. C. Cokendolpher. 2020. A new family from the New World (Eupnoi: Phalangioidea). In: Kury, A. B., A. C. Mendes, L. Cardoso, M. S. Kury & A. A. Granado. WCO-Lite: Online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Version 1.0—Checklist of all valid nomina in Opiliones with authors and dates of publication up to 2018 pp. 52–54. Published by the author: Rio de Janeiro.
[KDM20] Kury, A. B., J. A. Dunlop & A. M. Mendes. 2020. On the allocation of some Palaeozoic and Tertiary harvestmen. In: Kury, A. B., A. C. Mendes, L. Cardoso, M. S. Kury & A. A. Granado. WCO-Lite: Online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Version 1.0—Checklist of all valid nomina in Opiliones with authors and dates of publication up to 2018 pp. 49–51. Published by the author: Rio de Janeiro.
[KM20] Kury, A. B., A. C. Mendes, L. Cardoso, M. S. Kury & A. A. Granado. 2020. WCO-Lite: Online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Version 1.0—Checklist of all valid nomina in Opiliones with authors and dates of publication up to 2018. Published by the author: Rio de Janeiro.
[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[R56] Roewer, C. F. 1956. Über Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere Weberknechte XIX). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37 (3–4): 247–318.
[S93] Selden, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 297–320. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SC06] Shultz, J. W., & T. Cekalovic. 2006. First species of Hesperopilio (Opiliones, Caddoidea) from South America. Journal of Arachnology 34 (1): 46–50.
[VFG14] Vélez, S., R. Fernández & G. Giribet. 2014. A molecular phylogenetic approach to the New Zealand species of Enantiobuninae (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Neopilionidae). Invertebrate Systematics 28: 565–589.