Belongs within: Phallomycetidae.
Contains: Geastrum.
The Phallales are a clade in which mature spores are contained in a slimy material that is dispersed by flies.
Phallales [Sphaerobolales]
| i. s.: Chondrogaster Maire 1925KC01
| Vandasia Velen. 1922 (n. d.)KC01
|--Clathrus Micheli ex L. 1801 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| |--C. albidusCC15
| |--C. cancellatusH04
| |--C. cibarius [=Ileodictyon cibarium]CC15
| | |--C. c. var. cibariusCC15
| | `--C. c. var. gracilis [=Ileodictyon gracile]CC15
| |--C. crispusCC15 [=Clathrella crispaH04]
| `--C. pusillus [=Clathrella pusilla]CC15
|--Geastraceae [Geastrales, Geastreae, Sphaerobolaceae]HB02
| |--Geasteroides Long 1917 [=Terrostella Long 1945]KC01
| |--Nidulariopsis Greis 1935KC01
| |--Phialastrum Sunhede 1989KC01
| | `--P. barbatum (Dissing & Lange) Sunhede 1989 (see below for synonymy)JG19
| |--Pyrenogaster Malençon & Riousset 1977KC01
| |--Radiigera Zeller 1944KC01
| |--GeastrumC26
| |--Myriostoma Desv. 1809 [=Polystoma Gray 1821 non Zeder 1800 (ICZN); incl. Bovistoides Lloyd 1919]KC01
| | `--M. coliformeKB01
| `--Sphaerobolus Tode 1790 [incl. Carpobolus Micheli ex Paulet 1808 non Schwein. 1822, Siropeltis Arx & Garnier 1960]KC01
| `--S. stellatusHB02
`--Phallaceae [Claustulaceae, Gelopellaceae, Prophallaceae]KC01
| i. s.: Aporophallus Møller 1895KC01
| Aseroe Labill. 1800KC01
| |--A. actinobalaCC15
| |--A. arachnoideaKC01
| |--A. junghuhniiCC15
| |--A. muellerianaCC15
| |--A. pallidaCC15
| |--A. poculiformisCC15
| |--A. rubra [incl. A. hookeri, A. viridis]CC15
| | |--A. r. var. rubraCC15
| | `--A. r. var. pentactina [=Lysurus pentactinus]CC15
| `--A. zealandicaCC15
| Blumenavia Møller 1895KC01
| Calvarula Zeller 1939KC01
| Claustula Curtis 1926KC01
| Colus Cavalier & Séchier 1835 nec Röding 1798 (ICZN)KC01
| `--C. hirudinosusCC15
| Echinophallus Henn. 1898KC01
| Endophallus Zang & Petersen 1989KC01
| Gelopellis Zeller 1939KC01
| Ileodictyon Tul. ex Raoul 1844KC01
| Itajahya Møller 1895 [incl. Alboffiella Speg. 1898]KC01
| Kobayasia Imai & Kawam. 1958KC01
| Laternea Turpin 1822KC01
| Ligiella Sáenz 1980KC01
| Lysurus Fr. 1823 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| |--L. gardneri (see below for synonymy)CC15
| |--‘Calathiscus’ sepiaH04
| `--‘Simblum’ sphaerocephalumH04
| Mutinus Fr. 1849 (nom. cons.) (see below for synonymy)KC01
| |--M. annulatus [=Jansia annulata]CC15
| |--M. bambusinusCC15
| |--M. caninusKB01
| |--M. curtus [incl. M. papuasius]CC15
| `--'Jansia’ rugosa [incl. J. truncata]CC15
| Neolysurus Mill., Ovrebo & Burk 1991KC01
| Protubera Møller 1895 [incl. Protophallus Murrill 1910]KC01
| Protuberella Imai & Kawam. 1958KC01
| Pseudoclathrus Liu & Bau 1980KC01
| Staheliomyces Fisch. 1921KC01
| Staurophallus Mont. 1845 (n. d.)KC01
|--+--Gastrosporium Mattir. 1903HB02, KC01 [incl. Leucorhizon Velen. 1925KC01; Gastrosporiaceae]
| | `--G. simplexHB02
| `--+--Pseudocolus Lloyd 1907HB02, KC01
| | |--P. fusiformisHB02
| | `--P. rothae [=Colus rothae; incl. Clathrus triscapus]CC15
| `--Anthurus Kalchbr. & MacOwanHB02, KC01 [incl. StephanophallusKC01]
| |--A. archeri (see below for synonymy)CC15
| `--A. borealisH04
`--Phallus Junius ex L. 1753 (see below for synonymy)KC01
|--‘Ithyphallus’ calyptratus (n. d.)CC15
|--P. discolor [=Mutinus discolor]CC15
|--P. fungoidesV97
|--P. impudicus [=Ithyphallus impudicus]CC15
|--P. indusiatus [incl. Dictyophora speciosa, D. tahitensis]CC15
|--‘Dictyophora’ madonnaH04
|--‘Clautriavia’ merulina [=Dictyophora merulina]CC15
|--P. multicolor [=Dictyophora multicolor; incl. Ithyphallus quadricolor]CC15
|--‘Dictyophra’ phalloides Desv. 1809SS16
|--P. raveneliiSBM11
`--P. rubicundus [=Ithyphallus rubicundus; incl. I. aurantiacus, I. retusus]CC15
|--P. r. var. rubicundusCC15
`--P. r. var. gracilis (see below for synonymy)CC15
Nomen nudum: Mutinus watsoniCC15
Anthurus archeri [=Lysurus archeri, Pseudocolus archeri; incl. Anthurus muellerianus var. aseroeformis, Lysurus aseroeformis, Aseroe lysuroides, Anthurus muellerianus]CC15
Clathrus Micheli ex L. 1801 [incl. Aserophallus Mont. & Lepr. 1845, Clathrella Fisch. 1898, Cletria Browne 1756, Colonnaria Raf. 1808, Dycticia Raf. 1808, Linderia Cunn. 1931 non Saulcy 1863 (ICZN), Linderiella Cunn. 1942; Clathraceae]KC01
Lysurus Fr. 1823 [incl. Calathiscus Mont. 1841, Desmaturus (Schltdl.) Kalchbr. 1880, Dictyobole Atk. & Long 1902, Foetidaria St. Hil. 1835, Kalchbrennera Berk. 1876, Kupsura Lloyd 1924, Lloydia Chow 1935 non Salisb. 1812, Mycopharus Petch 1926, Pharus Petch 1919 non Browne 1756, Schizmaturus (Corda) Kalchbr. 1880, Simblum Klotzsch ex Hook. 1831, Sinolloydia Chow 1936]KC01
Lysurus gardneri [incl. L. australiensis, Mutinus pentagonus var. hardyi, M. pentagonus, M. sulcatus, Lysurus tenuis]CC15
Mutinus Fr. 1849 (nom. cons.) [=Ithyphallus Gray 1821 (nom. rej.); incl. Aedycia Raf. 1808 (nom. rej.), Caromyxa Mont. 1856 (nom. inv.), Corynites Berk. & Curtis 1853, Cynophallus (Fr.) Corda 1842 (nom. rej.), Floccomutinus Henn. 1895, Jansia Penz. 1899, Xylophallus (Schltdl.) Fisch. 1933]KC01
Phallus Junius ex L. 1753 [=Morellus Eaton 1818; incl. Clautriavia (Pat.) Lloyd 1909, Cryptophallus Peck 1897, Dictyopeplos Kuhl & Hasselt 1824, Dictyophallus Corda 1842, Dictyophora Desv. 1809, Hymenophallus Nees 1816, Jaczewskia Mattir. 1912, Junia Dumort. 1822 non Adans. 1763, Kirchbaumia Schulzer 1866, Leiophallus (Fr.) Nees 1858, Omphalophallus Kalchbr. 1883, Phalloidastrum Battarra 1755 (nom. inv.), Retigerus Raddi 1829, Satyrus Bosc 1811, Sophronia Pers. 1827 non Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. 1817]KC01
Phallus rubicundus var. gracilis [incl. Ithyphyallus atrominiatus, Cynophallus caylei, Phallus libidinosus, P. novae-hollandiae, Ithyphallus novae-hollandiae, P. vitellinus]CC15
Phialastrum barbatum (Dissing & Lange) Sunhede 1989 [=Geastrum barbatum Dissing & Lange 1962; incl. Radiigera termitariicola Reid 1986]JG19
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[CC15] Cleland, J. B., & E. Cheel. 1915. Notes on Australian fungi, no. II. Phalloids and geasters. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (2): 199–232, pls 24–25.
[C26] Cunningham, G. H. 1926. Lycoperdaceae of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 187–217.
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[HB02] Hibbett, D. S., & M. Binder. 2002. Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 269: 1963–1969.
[JG19] James, D. J., P. T. Green, W. F. Humphreys & J. C. Z. Woinarski. 2019. Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Records of the Western Australian Museum 34 (2): 55–114.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[KB01] Krüger, D., M. Binder, M. Fischer & H. Kreisel. 2001. The Lycoperdales. A molecular approach to the systematics of some gasteroid mushrooms. Mycologia 93 (5): 947–957.
[SBM11] Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg & D. W. Martin (eds) 2011. Biology 9th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
[SS16] Sydow, H., & P. Sydow. 1916. Fungi papuani. Die von C. Ledermann in Neu-Guinea gesammelten Pilze. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 246–261.
[V97] Ventenat, C. 1797. Extrait d’une dissertation du C. Ventenat, sur le genre Phallus. Bulletin de la Société Philomatique, a ses Correspondans 54: 1–2.