Belongs within: Sordariomycetidae.
The Phyllachorales are a group of fungi mostly biotrophic on leaves, stems and roots (Kirk et al. 2001).
Characters (Kirk et al. 2001): Stromata absent to well-developed, immersed in plant tissue, often clypeate, usually black. Ascomata perithecial, usually thin-walled, ostioles periphysate. Peridium usually composed of thin-walled compressed hyaline or brown tissue, sometimes irregular in form. Interascal tissue of simple rather wide thin-walled paraphyses, sometimes deliquescing. Asci more or less cylindrical, thin-walled, not fissitunicate, persistent, usually with inconspicuous J- apical ring. Ascospores usually hyaline, aseptate, occasionally ornamented. Anamorphs usually coelomycetous, spermatial or disseminative. Appressoria usually formed as adhesion/penetration structures.
<==Phyllachorales [Polystigmatales]
| i. s.: Maculatifrondes Hyde 1996 [incl. Cyclodomus Höhn. 1909]KC01
| Mangrovispora Hyde & Nakagiri 1991KC01
|--PhaeochoraceaeEB03
| |--Cocoicola Hyde 1995KC01
| |--Phaeochora Höhn. 1909KC01
| |--Phaeochoropsis Hyde & Cannon 1999KC01
| `--Serenomyces Petr. 1952KC01
`--PhyllachoraceaeEB03
| i. s.: Apiosphaeria Höhn. 1909 [incl. Anisochora Theiss. & Syd. 1917, Oswaldia Rangel 1921, Oswaldina Rangel 1921]KC01
| Deshpandiella Karnat & Ullasa 1973 [incl. Mycohypallage Sutton 1963]KC01
| Diachora Müll. Arg. 1893 [incl. Chaetomelasmia Danilova 1951, Diachorella Höhn. 1918]KC01
| Diatractium Syd. & Syd. 1921EB03, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
| Erikssonia Penz. & Sacc. 1898 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| Geminispora Pat. 1893 [=Diplosporis Clem. 1906]KC01
| Gibellina Pass. 1886EB03, KC01 [=Gibellia Pass. 1886 non Sacc. 1885KC01]
| Imazekia Kobay. & Kawabe 1992KC01
| Isothea Fr. 1849KC01
| Lichenochora Hafellner 1989 [incl. Paralaestadia Sacc. ex Vain. 1921]KC01
| Lindauella Rehm 1900EB03, KC01
| Lohwagia Petr. 1942KC01
| Marinosphaera Hyde 1989EB03, KC01
| `--M. mangroveiHH00
| Muelleromyces Kamat & Anahosur 1968KC01
| Neoflageoletia Reid & Booth 1966EB03, KC01
| Ophiodothella (Henn.) Höhn. 1910 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| Orphnodactylus Malloch & Mallik 1998KC01
| Petrakiella Syd. 1924EB03, KC01
| Phaeochorella Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01
| Phycomelaina Kohlm. 1968EB03, KC01
| Phylleutypa Petr. 1934KC01
| Pseudothiella Petr. 1928 [incl. Pseudothiopsella Petr. 1928]KC01
| Pterosporidium Ho & Hyde 1996KC01
| Rehmiodothis Theiss. & Syd. 1914 [incl. Munkiodothis Theiss. & Syd. 1915]KC01
| Retroa Cannon 1991KC01
| Rikatlia Cannon 1993KC01
| Schizochora Syd. & Syd. 1913KC01
| Sphaerodothis (Sacc. & Syd.) Shear 1909 [incl. Hysterodothis Höhn. 1909]KC01
| Stigmochora Theiss. & Syd. 1914KC01
| Stromaster Höhn. 1930KC01
| Telimena Racig. 1900KC01
| Telimenella Petr. 1940KC01
| Telimenochora Sivan. 1987KC01
| Trabutia Sacc. & Roum. 1881 [incl. Rheumatopeltis Stevens 1927]KC01
| Vitreostroma Cannon 1991KC01
| Zimmermanniella Henn. 1902KC01
| Uropolystigma Maublanc 1920EB03, RS99
| `--*U. atrotestaceum Maublanc 1920RS99
| Stigmatula (Sacc.) Syd. & Syd. 1901KC01 (see below for synonymy)
| `--‘Polystigma’ astragali (see below for synonymy)RS99
| Phyllocrea Höhn. 1918KC01
| |--*P. quitensisRS99
| `--P. paullineae (Rehm) von Höhnel 1918 [=Clintoniella paullineae Rehm 1900]RS99P
| Bagnisiopsis Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01
| Brobdingnagia Hyde & Cannon 1999KC01
| Fremitomyces Cannon & Evans 2000KC01
| Polystigma DC. 1815 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| Malthomyces Hyde & Cannon 1999KC01
| Oxodeora Hyde & Cannon 1999KC01
| Parberya Pearce & Hyde 2001KC01
| Sphaerodothella Pearce & Hyde 2001KC01
|--Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870 (nom. cons.)HM17, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
| |--‘Puiggarina’ costaricensisRS99
| |--P. ficuumDP72
| `--P. graminisMC03
`--+--Ascovaginospora Fallah, Shearer & Chen 1997HM17, KC01
| `--A. stellipalaHM17
`--Coccodiella Hara 1910HM17, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
|--C. melastomatumHM17
`--C. miconiaeHM17
Coccodiella Hara 1910HM17, KC01 [incl. Camarotella Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01, Causalis Theiss. 1918KC01, Coccoidiopsis Hara 1913KC01, Coccostroma Theiss. & Syd. 1914KC01, Coccostromopsis Plunkett 1924KC01, Dothidina Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01, Haplostroma Syd. & Syd. 1916KC01, Leveillinopsis Stevens 1924KC01, Phoenicostroma Syd. 1925KC01, Scolecoccoidea Stevens 1927KC01, Sucinaria Syd. 1925KC01]
Diatractium Syd. & Syd. 1921EB03, KC01 [=Stevensiella Trotter 1928KC01; incl. Scolecodothopsis Stevens 1924KC01, Trabutiella Stevens 1920 non Theiss. & Syd. 1914KC01]
Erikssonia Penz. & Sacc. 1898 [incl. Paidania Racib. 1909, Periaster Theiss. & Syd. 1917 non d’Orbigny 1853 (ICZN), Rinia Penz. & Sacc. 1901]KC01
Ophiodothella (Henn.) Höhn. 1910 [incl. Acerviclypeatus Hanlin 1990, Microphiodothis Speg. 1919, Rhopographina Theiss. & Syd. 1915, Scolecodothis Theiss. & Syd. 1914]KC01
Phyllachora Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870 (nom. cons.)HM17, KC01 [incl. Catacauma Theiss. & Syd. 1914KC01, Clypeostigma Höhn. 1919KC01, Clypeotrabutia Seaver & Chardón 1926KC01, Discomycopsella Henn. 1902KC01, Endodothella Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01, Endophyllachora Rehm 1913KC01, Endotrabutia Chardón 1930KC01, Halstedia Stevens 1920KC01, Linochora Höhn. 1910KC01, Metachora Syd., Syd. & Butler 1911KC01, Phaeotrabutia Orejuela 1941KC01, Phaeotrabutiella Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01, Phragmocarpella Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01, Phragmocauma Theiss. & Syd. 1915KC01, Placostroma Theiss. & Syd. 1914KC01, Pseudomelasmia Henn. 1902KC01, Puiggarina Speg. 1919KC01, Sirentyloma Henn. 1895KC01, Telemeniella Bat. 1955KC01, TelimeniellaKC01, Telimenopsis Petr. 1950KC01, Tolediella Viégas 1943KC01, Trabutiella Theiss. & Syd. 1914KC01, Xanthopsora Speg. 1922KC01]
Polystigma DC. 1815 [incl. Leptocrea Syd. & Syd. 1916, Polylagenochromatia Sousa da Câmara 1929, Polystigmella Jacz. & Natalina 1931, Polystigmina Sacc. 1884, Rhodoseptoria Naumov 1913, Rhodosticta Woron. 1911]KC01
‘Polystigma’ astragali [incl. Physalosporina tranzschelii, *Woronichina tranzschelii (Woronichin) Naumov in Naumov & Danilova 1951]RS99
Stigmatula (Sacc.) Syd. & Syd. 1901KC01 [incl. Physalosporina Woron 1911KC01, Woronichina Naumov in Naumov & Danilova 1951 non Elenkin 1933RS99]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[DP72] Deighton, F. C., & K. A. Pirozynski. 1972. Microfungi. V. More hyperparasitic hyphomycetes. Mycological Papers 128: 1–110.
[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, G. Rambold & T. Laessøe (eds.) 2003. Outline of Ascomycota—2003. Myconet 9: 1–89.
[HH00] Ho, W. H., & K. D. Hyde. 2000. A new family of freshwater ascomycetes. Fungal Diversity 4: 21–36.
[HM17] Hongsanan, S., S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura, K. D. Hyde, M. C. Samarakoon, R. Jeewon, Q. Zhao, A. M. Al-Sadi & A. H. Bahkali. 2017. An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Diversity 84: 25–41.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[MC03] Mostert, L., P. W. Crous, J. Z. Groenewald, W. Gams & R. C. Summerbell. 2003. Togninia (Calosphaeriales) is confirmed as teleomorph of Phaeoacremonium by means of morphology, sexual compatibility and DNA phylogeny. Mycologia 95 (4): 646–659.
[RS99] Rossman, A. Y., G. J. Samuels, C. T. Rogerson & R. Lowen. 1999. Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Studies in Mycology 42: 1–248.