Belongs within: Ciliophora.
Contains: Cyrtophoria, Suctoria.
The Phyllopharyngea are a group of ciliates with a radial array of microtubular ribbons around the oral region. Members of the subgroup Synhymeniida have ribbon-like subkinetal nematodesmata arising from somatic monokinetids and extending beneath the kineties as nematodesmata (Adl et al. 2019).
Characters (Adl et al. 2019): Ciliated stage with somatic kineties mostly as monokinetids that each have a lateral kinetodesmal fibril, a reduced or absent transverse microtubular ribbon that is usually accompanied by a left-directed transverse fibre, and a somewhat convergent postciliary ribbon extending posteriorly to accompany ribbons of more anterior monokinetids; oral region with radially arranged microtubular ribbons, called phyllae.
<==Phyllopharyngea
|--Synhymeniida [Synhymenia]AB19
| |--Synhymenia Jankowski 1967 [Synhymeniidae]LS02
| | `--S. heterovesiculataLS02
| |--NassulopsidaeLS02
| | |--Nassulopsis Fauré-Fremiet 1959LS02
| | | `--N. paucivacuolataLS02
| | `--Phasmatopsis Deroux 1978LS02
| | `--P. limaxLS02
| |--OrthodonellidaeAB19
| | |--Orthodonella Bhatia 1936LS02
| | | `--O. hamataLS02
| | `--Zosterodasys Deroux 1978LS02
| | `--Z. agamalieviLS02
| `--ScaphidiodontidaeAB19
| |--Scaphidiodon Stein 1859LS02
| | `--S. naviculaLS02
| `--Chilodontopsis Blochmann 1895LS02
| |--C. depressaLS02
| `--C. elongataD86
`--SubkinetaliaAB19
|--CyrtophoriaAB19
|--SuctoriaAB19
`--RhynchodiaAB19
| i. s.: HeterocinetopsisC74
|--Hypocomidae [Hypocomatida]AB19
| |--Crateristoma Jankowski 1967LS02
| | `--C. kindiLS02
| |--Parahypocoma Chatton & Lwoff 1939LS02
| | `--P. rhamphisokaryaLS02
| `--Hypocoma Gruber 1884G84
| |--*H. parasitica Gruber 1884G84
| |--H. acinetarumLS02
| `--H. rostellumLS02
`--RhynchodidaAB19
|--Sphenophrya [Rhynchodina, Sphenophryidae]AB19
| `--S. dosiniaeLS02
`--Ancistrocomidae [Ancistrocomina]AB19
|--Ancistrocoma Chatton & Lwoff 1926LS02
| `--A. myaeLS02
|--Stegotricha Bower & Meyer 1993LS02
| `--S. enterikosLS02
|--Insignicoma Kozloff 1946LS02
| `--I. venustaLS02
|--Crebricoma Kozloff 1946LS02
| `--C. carinataLS02
|--Raabella Chatton & Lwoff 1950LS02
| `--R. helensisLS02
|--Hypocomatidium Jarocki & Raabe 1932LS02
| `--H. sphaeriLS02
|--Colligocineta Kozloff 1965LS02
| `--C. furaxLS02
|--Hypocomella Chatton & Lwoff 1924LS02
| `--H. katherinaeLS02
|--Ignotocoma Kozloff 1961LS02
| `--I. sabellarumLS02
`--Hypocomides Chatton & Lwoff 1922LS02
|--H. botulaeLS02
`--H. modiolariaeLS02
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AB19] Adl, S. M., D. Bass, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov, S. Agatha, C. Berney, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, P. Cárdenas, I. Čepička, L. Chistyakova, J. del Campo, M. Dunthorn, B. Edvardsen, Y. Eglit, L. Guillou, V. Hampl, A. A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, T. Y. James, A. Karnkowska, S. Karpov, E. Kim, M. Kolisko, A. Kudryavtsev, D. J. G. Lahr, E. Lara, L. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, D. G. Mann, R. Massana, E. A. D. Mitchell, C. Morrow, J. S. Park, J. W. Pawlowski, M. J. Powell, D. J. Richter, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, S. Shimano, F. W. Spiegel, G. Torruella, N. Youssef, V. Zlatogursky & Q. Zhang. 2019. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66: 4–119.
[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.
[C74] Corliss, J. O. 1974. The changing world of ciliate systematics: historical analysis of past efforts and a newly proposed phylogenetic scheme of classification for the protistan phylum Ciliophora. Systematic Zoology 23 (1): 91–138.
[D01] Daday, E. 1901. Édesvizi mikroszkópi állatok [Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 375–470. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[D86] Detcheva, R. 1986. Ciliata interstitiels, essentiellement des sables marins. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 21–29. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[G84] Gruber, A. 1884. Die Protozoen des Hafens von Genua. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher [Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum] 46 (4): 473–539, pls 7–11.
[L03] Lynn, D. H. 2003. Morphology or molecules: how do we identify the major lineages of ciliates (phylum Ciliophora)? European Journal of Protistology 39 (4): 356–364.