Belongs within: Anthropoidea.
Contains: Callitrichinae, Cebinae, Pitheciidae, Atelidae.
The clade Platyrrhini contains the New World monkeys of South and Central America. The name (‘flat nose’) refers to the position of the nostrils, widely separated and facing outwards, as opposed to the closely-positioned and downwards-pointing nostrils of members of their sister group, the Catarrhini (Old World monkeys and apes). Past classifications often divided the Platyrrhini between the families Callitrichidae (including the marmosets and tamarins) and Cebidae (including the larger New World monkeys). However, it is now well established that Cebidae in this sense is paraphyletic with regard to the callitrichids, and its members are divided between a number of families. The families Atelidae and Pitheciidae are united in the Ateloidea by the presence of a shallow pterygoid fossa, and a deciduous P2 with a rounded cross-section (Horovitz 1999).
Synapomorphies (Horovitz 1999): Ossification present in tentorium cerebelli; canal connecting subarcuate fossa and sigmoid sinus; zygomatic-parietal contact in pterion region; M3 and P4 subequal in length.
<==Platyrrhini [Aotinae, Platyrrhina]
| i. s.: Chilecebus carracoensisTT06
|--+--Branisella Hoffstetter 1969SM93 [BranisellinaeOW06]
| | `--B. boliviana Hoffstetter 1969H99
| `--Szalatavus attricuspis Rosenberger et al. 1991H99
`--+--Homunculus Ameghino 1891NG13, SM93 [Homunculidae]
| `--H. patagonicus Ameghino 1891H99
`--+--+--‘Carlocebus’ intermedius Fleagle 1990H99
| `--Cebidae [Aotidae, Callimiconidae, Callimiconinae, Ceboidea]OW06
| |--+--Mohanamico Luchterhand et al. 1986H99, SM93
| | | `--M. hershkovitzi Luchterhand et al. 1986H99
| | `--CallitrichinaeOW06
| `--+--CebinaeOW06
| `--Aotus Illiger 1811OW06, C57 (see below for synonymy)
| | i. s.: A. dindensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger 1987H99
| | A. hershkovitziIT07
| | A. infulatus (Kuhl 1820)G91, C57 [=Callithrix infulatusC57, Saguinus infulatusC57]
| |--+--A. nigriceps Dollman 1909FS15, C57 [=A. trivirgatus nigricepsC57]
| | `--+--A. jorgehernandeziFS15
| | `--A. miconax Thomas 1927FS15, C57
| `--+--+--A. vociferans (Spix 1823)FS15, C57 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--A. zonalis Goldman 1914FS15, C57
| `--+--+--*A. trivirgatus (Humboldt 1811)C57, FS15, C57 (see below for synonymy)
| | | |--A. t. trivirgatus (see below for synonymy)C57
| | | |--A. t. boliviensis Elliot 1907 [incl. A. bidentatus Lönnberg 1941]C57
| | | |--A. t. microdon Dollman 1909C57
| | | `--A. t. roberti Dollman 1909C57
| | `--+--A. griseimembra Elliot 1912FS15, C57 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--A. lemurinus (Geoffroy 1843)FS15, C57 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--A. nancymaaeFS15 [=A. nancymaiG91]
| `--+--A. azarae (Humboldt 1812)FS15, C57 (see below for synonymy)
| `--A. brumbackiFS15
`--AteloideaH99
|--PitheciidaeOW06
`--AtelidaeOW06
Aotus Illiger 1811OW06, C57 [=Aotes Jardine 1833C57; incl. Chirogaleus Vigors & Horsfield 1829C57, Gliscebus Lesson 1840C57, Nocthora Cuvier 1824C57, Nyctipithecus Spix 1823C57]
Aotus azarae (Humboldt 1812)FS15, C57 [=Simia azaraeC57, Aotes azaraeC57, Aotus azaraiC57, Aotus trivirgatus azaraeC57, Nyctipithecus azaraeC57, N. azaraiC57; incl. Pithecia miqouina Geoffroy 1812C57, Aotus miriqouinaC57, Nyctipithecus miriqouinaC57]
Aotus griseimembra Elliot 1912FS15, C57 [=A. trivirgatus griseimembraC57; incl. A. bipunstatus Bole 1937C57]
Aotus lemurinus (Geoffroy 1843)FS15, C57 [=Nyctipithecus lemurinusC57, A. trivirgatus lemurinusC57; incl. A. aversus Elliot 1913C57, N. hirsutus Gray 1870 (n. n.)C57, Aotus lanius Dollman 1909C57, A. perviglis Elliot 1913C57, Nyctipithecus villosus Gray 1847C57]
*Aotus trivirgatus (Humboldt 1811)C57, FS15, C57 [=Simia trivirgataC57, Aotes trivirgatusC57, Cebus trivirgatusC57, Nocthora trivirgataC57, Nyctipithecus trivirgatusC57, Simia trivergataC57]
Aotus trivirgatus trivirgatus (Humboldt 1811) [incl. Chirogaleus commersoni Vigors & Horsfield 1829, Nyctipithecus commersoni, N. duruculi Lesson 1840, N. felinus Spix 1823, Cebus felinus, Aotus humboldti Illiger in Humboldt 1812, Nyctipithecus humboldtii, Nyctipithecus rufipes Sclater 1872, Gliscebus rufus Lesson 1840, Scartes rufus]C57
Aotus vociferans (Spix 1823)FS15, C57 [=Nyctipithecus vociferansC57, A. trivirgatus vociferansC57, Cebus vociferansC57; incl. Aotus gularis Dollman 1909C57, N. oseryi Geoffroy & Deville 1848C57, A. senex Dollman 1909C57, N. spixi Pucheran 1857C57]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[C57] Cabrera, A. 1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. I (Metatheria—Unguiculata—Carnivora). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de Las Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Zoológicas 4 (1): 1–307.
[FS15] Faurby, S., & J.-C. Svenning. 2015. A species-level phylogeny of all extant and late Quaternary extinct mammals using a novel heuristic-hierarchical Bayesian approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 14–26.
[G91] Groves, C. P. 1991. A Theory of Human and Primate Evolution revised ed. Clarendon Press: Oxford.
[H99] Horovitz, I. 1999. A phylogenetic study of living and fossil platyrrhines. American Museum Novitates 3269: 1–40.
[IT07] Isaac, N. J. B., S. T. Turvey, B. Collen, C. Waterman & J. E. M. Baillie. 2007. Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PloS One 2 (3): e296.
[NG13] Ni, X., D. L. Gebo, M. Dagosto, J. Meng, P. Tafforeau, J. J. Flynn & K. C. Beard. 2013. The oldest known primate skeleton and early haplorhine evolution. Nature 498: 60–64.
[OW06] Opazo, J. C., D. E. Wildman, T. Prychitko, R. M. Johnson & M. Goodman. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (1): 274–280.
[SM93] Stucky, R. K., & M. C. McKenna. 1993. Mammalia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 739–771. Chapman & Hall: London.
[TT06] Tejedor, M. F., A. A. Tauber, A. L. Rosenberger, C. C. Swisher, III & M. E. Palacios. 2006. New primate genus from the Miocene of Argentina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103: 5437–5441.