Belongs within: Urochordata.
Contains: Polycarpa.
The Pleurogona are a group of tunicates characterised by a folded pharyngeal basket, and the lack of an abdomen. Branched tentacles are present around the base of the branchial siphon in Pyuridae and Molgulidae, whereas these tentacles are unbranched in Styelidae.
<==Pleurogona [Stolidobranchiata]
|--MolgulidaeMG-H11
| |--Eugyra arenosaM62
| |--BostrichobranchusSM10
| `--Molgula Forbes & Hanley 1848M86
| |--M. citrinaSM10
| |--M. elva Kott 2008MG-H11
| |--M. ficus (MacDonald 1859)BS17
| |--M. hirta Monniot 1965M86
| |--M. impura [incl. M. impura var. rheophila]PP64
| |--M. manhattensis (De Kay 1843)L70
| |--M. occidentalisSM10
| |--M. oculataCGS00
| |--M. retortiformisSM10
| |--M. socialisS17
| |--M. tectiformisJ-PG07
| `--M. tubulosaH04
|--PyuridaeMG-H11
| |--Cratostigma gravellophilaM62
| |--HerdmaniaMG-H11
| | |--H. curvataCGS00
| | |--H. grandis (Heller 1878)MG-H11
| | `--H. momus (Savigny 1816)MG-H11 [=Pyura momusPP64]
| |--MicrocosmusBS17
| | |--M. helleri Herdman 1881BS17
| | |--M. sulcatusPP64
| | `--M. vulgarisPP64
| |--HalocynthiaSM10
| | |--H. aurantiacaRZ03
| | |--H. papillosaPP64
| | |--H. pyriformisMS98
| | `--H. roretziSM10
| |--Heterostigma Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1924M86
| | |--H. fagei Monniot & Monniot 1961M86
| | |--H. gonochorica Monniot 1965M86
| | |--H. reptans Monniot & Monniot 1963M86
| | `--H. separ Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1924M86
| `--PyuraMG-H11
| |--P. arenosa (Herdman 1881)BS17
| |--P. chilensisGO78
| |--P. pachydermatinaKG03
| |--P. scortea Kott 1985MG-H11
| |--P. stoloniferaG75
| `--P. vittataPP64
`--StyelidaeMG-H11
| i. s.: PolycarpaM86
| CnemidocarpaMG-H11
| |--C. areolata (Heller 1878)BS17
| |--C. bicornuataHS01
| |--C. completa Kott 1985MG-H11
| `--C. radicosa (Herdman 1882)MG-H11
| StolonicaMG-H11
| |--S. aluta Kott 1985MG-H11
| `--S. socialisPB02
| Styelopsis grossulariaCR96 [=Dendrodoa grossulariaPP64]
| SymplegmaBS17
| |--S. bahraini Monniot & Monniot 1997BS17
| |--S. brakenhielmi (Michaelsen 1904)BS17
| |--S. rubra Monniot 1972BS17
| `--S. virideB79
|--StyelinaeM62
| |--Psammostyela Weinstein 1961M62, M86
| | `--P. delamarei Weinstein 1961M86
| `--StyelaMG-H11
| |--S. canopus (Savigny 1816)BS17
| |--S. clava Herdman 1881MG-H11
| |--S. grossulariaM01
| |--S. intestinalisS17
| |--S. partitaPP64
| `--S. plicata (Lesueur 1823)MG-H11
`--BotryllinaeS79
|--BotrylloidesS79
| |--B. leachi (Savigny 1816)HJ08
| `--B. purpureusH04
`--BotryllusHJ08
|--B. helleborusH04
|--B. marionisH04
|--B. polycyclusH04
|--B. primigeniusS79
|--B. rubigoH04
|--B. schlosseri (Pallas 1766)HJ08
`--B. tuberatus Ritter & Forsyth 1917BS17
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BS17] Bryce, C., & A. Sampey. 2017. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: additional phyla (Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, Sipuncula, Cnidaria and Chordata). Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 345–361.
[B79] Buss, L. W. 1979. Habitat selection, directional growth and spatial refuges: why colonial animals have more hiding places. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 459–497. Academic Press: London.
[CR96] Cadman, P. S., & J. S. Ryland. 1996. Redescription of Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 116: 437–450.
[CGS00] Cameron, C. B., J. R. Garey & B. J. Swalla. 2000. Evolution of the chordate body plan: new insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97 (9): 4469–4474.
[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.
[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General’s Department: Brisbane (Australia).
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.
[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.
[KG03] Kingsley, R. J., R. van Gilder, R. Z. LeGros & N. Watabe. 2003. Multimineral calcareous deposits in the marine alga Acetabularia acetabulum (Chlorophyta; Dasycladaceae). Journal of Phycology 39: 937–947.
[L70] Leloup, E. 1970. Recherches sur l’ostreiculture dans le bassin de chasse d’Ostende en 1968. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (6): 1–24.
[MS98] Margulis, L., & K. V. Schwartz. 1998. Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth 3rd ed. W. H. Freeman and Company: New York.
[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[M01] M’Intosh, W. C. 1901. The coloration of marine animals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 221–240.
[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.
[M86] Monniot, F. 1986. Urochordata=Tunicata: les ascidies interstitielles. In: Botosaneanu, L.(ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 705–708. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[PB02] Perkins, F. O., J. R. Barta, R. E. Clopton, M. A. Peirce & S. J. Upton. 2002. Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 190–369. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
[RZ03] Romanenko, L. A., N. V. Zhukova, M. Rhode, A. M. Lysenko, V. M. Mikhailov & E. Stackebrandt. 2003. Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans sp. nov., a novel marine agarolytic bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 125–131.
[S79] Sabbadin, A. 1979. Colonial structure and genetic patterns in ascidians. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 433–444. Academic Press: London.
[SM10] Saffo, M. B., A. M. McCoy, C. Rieken & C. H. Slamovits. 2010. Nephromyces, a beneficial apicomplexan symbiont in marine animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (37): 16190–16195.
[S17] Sars, G. O. 1917. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway with short descriptions and figures of all the species vol. 6. Copepoda. Cyclopoida pts 11–12. Clausidiidae, Lichomolgidae (part). Bergen Museum: Bergen.