Psychodoidea

Belongs within: Psychodomorpha.
Contains: Phlebotominae, Psychodinae.

The Psychodoidea are a clade uniting the moth flies and sand flies of the Psychodidae with the primitive crane flies of the Tanyderidae. The Psychodidae are mostly small, very hairy flies with broadly ovate wings with veins M and often Rs each bearing four branches (Colless & McAlpine 1991).

Synapomorphies (from Blagoderov et al. 2002): Ocelli absent; sc-r terminal; M₂ convex; male genitalia inverted.

<==PsychodoideaBLM02
    |--Tanyderidae [Tanyderoidea, Tanyderomorpha]BLM02
    |    |--PraemacrochileBLM02
    |    |--PeringueyomyinaA81
    |    |--Protoplasa fitchiiA81
    |    |--Nothoderus australiensisCM91, M81
    |    |--Protanyderus margaritaA81
    |    |--Macrochile spectrumP92
    |    |--Radinoderus occidentalisCM91
    |    `--EutanyderusA81
    |         |--E. oreonymphaCM91
    |         `--E. wilsoniCM91
    `--Psychodidae [Phlebotomidae]WI-B09
         |  i. s.: Eopericoma zherichini Kalugina in Kalugina & Kovalev 1985RJ93
         |         TanypsychaGE05
         |         LiassopsychodinaGE05
         |         PsychotanyderusGE05
         |         BazarellaWI-B09
         |         Quatiella interdictaWM96
         |         EatoniscaP92
         |         NemopalpusP92
         |           |--N. australis Alexander 1928S53
         |           `--N. hennigianus Schlüter 1978P92
         |         PhalaenomyiaP92
         |         PosthonP92
         |         Eophlebotomus connectensP92
         |         Phlosepedoin mexicana Quate 1963P92
         |         Lepidopsychoda tineiformis Edwards 1928Q59b
         |--NannotanyderusWT11
         `--+--PhlebotominaeWI-B09
            |--PsychodinaeWI-B09
            |--Horaiella [Horaiellinae]WI-B09
            |--SycoracinaeWI-B09
            |    |--Sycorax Haliday 1839S53
            |    |--Aposycorax chilensisWI-B09
            |    `--ParasycoraxWI-B09
            |--BruchomyiinaeWI-B09
            |    |--BruchomyiaWI-B09
            |    `--NemapalpusWI-B09
            |         |--N. nearcticusQV81
            |         `--N. youngiWI-B09
            `--Trichomyia Curtis 1839Q59a [TrichomyiinaeWI-B09]
                 |--*T. urbica Curtis 1839Q59a
                 |--T. antiquria Quate 1961P92
                 |--T. botosaneanuiWM96
                 |--T. buchholzi Wagner & Masteller 1996WM96
                 |--T. declivivena Quate 1963P92
                 |--T. discalis Quate 1963P92
                 |--T. flinti Wagner & Masteller 1996WM96
                 |--T. glomerosa Quate 1963P92
                 |--T. masneriWM96
                 |--T. mecoceria Quate 1963P92
                 |--T. nudaWI-B09
                 |--T. palauensis Quate 1959Q59a
                 |--T. rawlinsiWM96
                 |--T. sattelmairi Wagner & Masteller 1996WM96
                 |--T. smithi Quate 1963P92
                 |--T. swinhoeiP92
                 |--T. trukensis Quate 1959Q59a
                 `--T. wirthiWM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A81] Alexander, C. P. 1981. Tanyderidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 149–151. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[BLM02] Blagoderov, V. A., E. D. Lukashevich & M. B. Mostovski. 2002. Order Diptera Linné, 1758. The true flies (=Muscida Laicharting, 1781). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 227–240. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[CM91] Colless, D. H., & D. K. McAlpine. 1991. Diptera (flies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 717–786. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[M81] McAlpine, J. F. 1981. Morphology and terminology—adults. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 9–63. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[Q59a] Quate, L. W. 1959a. Diptera: Psychodidae. Insects of Micronesia 12 (4): 435–484.

[Q59b] Quate, L. W. 1959b. Synopsis of Polynesian Psychodidae (Diptera). Pacific Insects 1 (4): 431-440.

[QV81] Quate, L. W., & J. R. Vockeroth. 1981. Psychodidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 293–300. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S53] Satchell, G. H. 1953. The Australian Psychodidae (Diptera), part I. Australian Journal of Zoology 1 (3): 357–418.

[WI-B09] Wagner, R., & S. Ibáñez-Bernal. 2009. Psychodidae (sand flies, and moth flies or owl flies). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 319–335. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[WM96] Wagner, R., & E. C. Masteller. 1996. New moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and a key to species from Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (3): 450–464.

[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.