Pylentonemoidea

Belongs within: Nassellaria.
Contains: Saitoum.

The Pylentonemoidea are a group of radiolarians known from the Silurian to the Cretaceous (Afanasieva et al. 2005).

Characters (from Afanasieva et al. 2005): Spheroid or cylindroid with porous, less commonly spongy wall of external shell and inner initial frame represented by spicule. External skeleton sometimes segmented into portions (“cephalis,” “thorax”); former portion may be further subdivided. Strong feet may be present.

<==PylentonemoideaAA05
    |--PoulpidaeAA05
    |    |--SaitoumAA05
    |    |--Eonapora Kozur & Mostler 1979AA05
    |    |--Neopylentonema Kozur 1984AA05
    |    |--Triassobipedis Kozur 1984AA05
    |    |--Poulpus De Wever 1979AA05
    |    |    `--P. oculatus de Wever 1982DZ03
    |    |--Hozmadia Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler 1980AA05
    |    |    `--H. reticulataAA05
    |    `--Saitulpus Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |         |--*S. retrospina Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |         |--S. neojurassicus Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |         `--S. spinipes Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |--TripedurnulidaeAA05
    |    |--Tripedurnula Dumitrica 1991AA05
    |    |--Baratuna Kozur & Mostler 1981AA05
    |    |--Tridentocyrtis Steiger & Steiger 1994AA05
    |    |--Turanta Pessagno & Blome 1982AA05
    |    |--Tripedocassis Dumitrica 1991AA05
    |    |    `--T. pessagnoiAA05
    |    |--Takoum Takemura 1986AA05
    |    |    |--*T. hexagonum Takemura 1986DZ03
    |    |    `--T. takemurai Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |    |--Tripedocorbis Dumitrica 1991AA05
    |    |    |--*T. ramulispinus Dumitrica 1991DZ03
    |    |    `--T. tardus Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |    `--Pseudopoulpus Takemura 1986AA05
    |         |--*P. yamatoensis Takemura 1986DZ03
    |         |--P. crassispinosus Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    |         |--P. spinosus Kiessling 1999DZ03
    |         `--P. tenuihirsutus Dumitrica & Zügel 2003DZ03
    `--PylentonemidaeAA05
         |--+--PylentoneminaeAA05
         |  |    |--Quadrapesus Cheng 1986AA05
         |  |    `--Pylentonema Deflandre 1963AA05
         |  |         `--P. antiquaAA05
         |  `--VallupinaeAA05
         |       |--Bivallupus Pessagno & McLeod 1987AA05
         |       |--Mesovallupus Pessagno & McLeod 1987AA05
         |       |--Neovallupus Yang & Pessagno 1989AA05
         |       |--Protovallupus Pessagno & McLeod 1987AA05
         |       |--Supervallupus Yang & Pessagno 1989AA05
         |       `--Vallupus Pessagno & Blome 1984AA05
         |            `--V. hopsoniAA05
         `--ArchicyrtiinaeAA05
              |--Cerarchocyrtium Deflandre 1973AA05
              |--Cyrtisphaeronemium Deflandre 1972AA05
              |    `--C. prudentigerumAA05
              |--Deflandrellium Cheng 1986AA05
              |--Mostlerium Cheng 1986AA05
              |--Robotium Cheng 1986AA05
              |--Pararchocyrtium Deflandre 1972AA05
              |--Allocyrtium Afanasieva 1986AA05
              |    `--A. costuligerumAA05
              |--Archocyrtium Deflandre 1972AA05
              |    |--A. coronaesimileAA05
              |    `--A. riedeliAA05
              `--Cyrtisphaeractenium Deflandre 1972AA05
                   |--C. mirabileAA05
                   `--C. ruraeAA05

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AA05] Afanasieva, M. S., E. O. Amon, Y. V. Agarkov & D. S. Boltovskoy. 2005. Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (Suppl. 3): S135–S392.

[DZ03] Dumitrica, P., & P. Zügel. 2003. Lower Tithonian mono- and dicyrtid Nassellaria (Radiolaria) from the Solnhofen area (southern Germany). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 5–72.