Belongs within: Sapindales.
Contains: Fagara, Zanthoxyleae, Citroideae.
The Rutaceae are a family of plants found in most parts of the world; most are trees or shrubs but some are herbaceous. These include the common rue Ruta graveolens, a strong-smelling herb with a history of being cultivated as a medicinal plant and condiment.
Within the Rutaceae, members of the Rutoideae and Citroideae have numerous aromatic oil glands in many parts of the plant; members of the Spathelioideae, in contrast, lack such glands and have solitary oil cells (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website). Rutoideae and Citroideae have been separated on the basis of characters of the fruit (generally dehiscent in Rutoideae, but indehiscent and fleshy in Citroideae), but phylogenetic analysis does not support monophyly of the Rutoideae. Members of the western Palaearctic subshrub genus Ruta bear pinnately or ternately compound leaves and flowers with wavy to fringed edges on the petals (Hickman 1993) Chloroxylon, satinwoods, is an Old World tropical genus of trees with rough, spongy bark that are used as a source of timber.
The southern African sneezewood tree Ptaeroxylon obliquum, together with the Madagascan tree and shrub genus Cedrelopsis, was previously classified as a separate family Ptaeroxylaceae but now appears to be derived within the Spathelioideae. The vernacular name “sneezewood” refers to the presence of oils in the wood that cause respiratory irritation to workers. Also now placed within Spathelioideae is Cneorum, a primarily Mediterranean genus of small shrubs with leathery leaves, mostly found at higher altitudes.
Characters (from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): Herbs to trees; furanocoumarins, distinctive limonoids present; wood often fluorescing; stomata various; schizogenous cavities present; leaflets usually articulated, ptyxis also flat, margins entire to crenate (sometimes serrate), usually prominently punctate; flowers often perfect; (3-)5-merous; calyx connate or free; androecium obdiplostemonous, filaments more or less flattened (occasionally connate); gynoecium variously connate to almost free, style impressed to more or less gynobasic; ovules 1-many/carpel, micropyle also zig-zag; chalazal embryo sac haustoria present; seed with chalazal aperture in the sclerotesta at base or raphe.
<==Rutaceae |--Rutoideae [Flindersieae, Flindersioideae, Ruteae]MS06 | | i. s.: Luvunga monophyllaT00, LK14 | |--ZanthoxyleaeMS06 | `--+--CitroideaeMS06 | `--+--Chloroxylon swieteniaMS06 | `--Ruta [Rutinae]MS06 | |--R. chalepensisH93 | `--R. graveolensMS06 `--SpathelioideaeT00 | i. s.: DictylomaT00 |--Spathelia [Spathelieae]MS06 | `--S. excelsaMS06 `--+--HarrisoniaMS06 | |--H. browniiLK14 | `--H. perforataMS06 `--+--Cneorum [Cneoraceae]MS06 | |--C. pulverulentumMS06 | `--C. tricoccumC74 `--PtaeroxylaceaeT00 |--CedrelopsisT00 `--Ptaeroxylon obliquumMS06 Rutaceae incertae sedis: FraxinellaD01 MonnieriaD01 PitaviaYY22 Toddaliopsis ebolowensis Engler 1917E17 Vepris dainelliiYY22, E09 EmpleurumYY22 BoniniaYY22 HeliettaYY22 PteleaYY22 |--P. crenulataH93 `--P. trifoliataP93 Araliopsis trifoliolata Engler 1917E17 EmpleuridiumYY22 Orixa japonicaYY22, S00 TecleaYY22 |--T. campestris Engler 1917E17 |--T. gracilipes Engler 1917E17 |--T. nobilisE09 |--T. stuhlmannii Engler 1917E17 `--T. viridisQLB05 FagaraE17 BarosmaYY22 AmyrisJ87 |--A. apiculataJ87 `--A. marshiiFZ77 Philotheca [incl. Eriostemon sect. Nigrostipulae]M93 |--P. australisH87 |--P. basistyla Mollemans 1993M93 |--P. bruceiG04a |--P. langei Mollemans 1993M93 |--P. myoporoides [=Eriostemon myoporoides]B00 |--P. reichenbachianaB96 |--P. spicatumRL05 `--P. tomentellaG04a MicrocybeG04b |--M. albifloraG04b `--M. paucifloraG04b |--M. p. ssp. paucifloraG04b `--M. p. ssp. grandisG04b DrummonditaM93 |--D. calidaM93 |--D. ericoidesM93 |--D. hasselliiM93 | |--D. h. var. hasselliiM93 | `--D. h. var. longifoliaM93 |--D. miniataM93 `--D. wilsonii Mollemans 1993M93 HalfordiaB00 |--H. kendackB00 `--H. scleroxylaH42 GeijeraMM09 |--G. linearifoliaG76 |--G. paniculataB00 |--G. parvifloraMM09 `--G. salicifoliaB00 |--G. s. var. salicifoliaS91 `--G. s. var. latifoliaS91 Geleznowia verrucosaMM09 Brombya platynemaBH07 Boenninghausenia albifloraD07 Tetradium Lour. 1790KC01 `--T. fraxinifoliumD07 MurrayaB00 |--M. exoticaT-W89 |--M. koenigiiB00 |--M. ovatifoliolataB00 |--M. paniculataLK14 `--M. sumatranaT-W89 Naringi crenulataP03 Rhadinothamnus rudisGM10 MicromelumB00 |--M. integerrimumDD73 `--M. minutumB00 AcronychiaB00 |--A. acidulaBH07 |--A. laevisH97 |--A. trifoliolata Zollinger & Moritzi 1845 [incl. A. andrewsi Baker 1900]JG19 `--A. vestitaB00 DinospermaB00 |--D. erythrococca [=Melicope erythrococca]B00 `--D. melanophloia [=Melicope melanophloia]B00 LeionemaB00 |--L. ambiens [=Phebalium ambiens]B00 `--L. dentatumB00 BosistoaB00 |--B. brassiiS91 `--B. medicinalisB00 Cneoridium dumosumH93 Thamnosma montanaH93 Evodioxylon oweni (Carruthers) Chiarugi 1933CBH93 Fortunella japonicaWO92 Almeidaea Post & Kuntze 1903KC01 Benjaminia Vell. 1835KC01 Tenorea Rafin. 1814KC01 MicrocitrusS91 |--M. garrawayaeS91 `--M. inodoraS91 EvodiaS91 |--E. haplophyllaWO95 |--E. meliaefoliaDD73 |--E. micrococcaS91 |--E. roxburghianaS00 `--E. vitifloraS91 Evodiella muelleriS91 Cookia punctataT-W89 Humblotiodendron Engler 1917E17 `--*H. spathulatum Engler 1917E17
*Type species of generic name indicated
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