Schizoporelloidea

Belongs within: Cheilostomata.
Contains: Microporella, Mucropetraliella.

The Schizoporelloidea are a group of cheilostom bryozoans with a pseudoporous frontal shield. Representatives include the Schizoporellidae, often encrusting bryozoans characterised by the possession of a primary orifice with a concave posterior margin bearing a median sinus.

SchizoporelloideaTHG01
    |--Echinovadoma Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001 [Echinovadomidae]THG01
    |    `--*E. anceps Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001THG01
    |--Pacificincola Liu & Liu 1999 [Pacificincolidae]LL99
    |    |--*P. perforata (Okada & Mawatari 1937) [=Mucronella perforata, Hippopodina perforata, Hippoporina perforata]LL99
    |    |--P. insculpta (Hincks 1880) [=Schizoporella insculpta]LL99
    |    `--P. mexicana (Soule, Soule & Chaney 1995) [=Hippoporina mexicana]LL99
    |--LacernidaeTHG01
    |    |--CribelloporaT93
    |    `--Nimba Jullien in Jullien & Calvet 1903THG01
    |         |--*N. praetexta Jullien in Jullien & Calvet 1903THG01
    |         `--N. saxatilis Hayward & Ryland 1995THG01
    |--MicroporellidaeTHG01
    |    |--MicroporellaTHG01
    |    |--Stephanopora Kirkpatrick 1888B53
    |    |    `--*S. cribrispinata Kirkpatrick 1888B53
    |    |--Calloporina Neviani 1895UB72
    |    |    |--*C. decorata (Reuss 1848) [=Cellepora decorata]B53
    |    |    `--C. angustipora (Hincks 1885) [=Microporella diadema f. angustipora, C. diadema var. angustipora]UB72
    |    `--Fenestrulina Jullien 1888UB72
    |         |--*F. malusii (Audouin 1826) [=Cellepora malusii]B53
    |         `--F. mutabilis (Hastings 1932)S92
    |--LanceoporidaeTHG01
    |    |--Lanceopora d’Orb. 1851 [=Lanceolopora Jelly 1889]B53
    |    |    |--*L. elegans d’Orb. 1851B53
    |    |    `--L. flabellata (Livingstone 1902)T93
    |    `--Calyptotheca Harmer 1957THG01
    |         |--*C. wasinensis (Waters 1913) [=Schizoporella nivea wasinensis]THG01
    |         |--C. rupicola Hayward & Ryland 1995THG01
    |         |--C. symmetrica (Ortmann 1890)S92
    |         |--C. tenuata Harmer 1957THG01
    |         `--C. thornelyae Dumont 1981THG01
    |--PetraliellidaeTHG01
    |    |--MucropetraliellaTHG01
    |    |--Sinupetraliella Stach 1936THG01
    |    |    |--*S. litoralis (Hastings 1932)TC05 [=Petralia litoralisTC05, Petraliella litoralisTHG01]
    |    |    `--S. gigantea (Canu & Bassler 1929) [=Petraliella gigantea]S92
    |    `--Petraliella Canu & Bassler 1927 [incl. Hippopetraliella Stach 1936, Serripetraliella Stach 1936]TC05
    |         |--*P. bisinuata (Smitt 1873) [=Escharella bisinuata, Mucronella bisinuata]TC05
    |         |--P. buski Stach 1936 [incl. P. arafurensis Stach 1936]TC05
    |         |--P. concinna (Hincks 1891) [=Schizoporella concinna, Hippopetraliella concinna]TC05
    |         |--P. crassocirca Canu & Bassler 1929 (see below for synonymy)TC05
    |         |--P. dentilabris (Ortmann 1892) (see below for synonymy)TC05
    |         |--P. dorsiporosa (Busk 1884) (see below for synonymy)TC05
    |         |--P. firmata (Waters 1887) [=Mucronella firmata]UB72
    |         |--P. magna (d’Orbigny 1852) (see below for synonymy)TC05
    |         `--P. marginata (Canu & Bassler 1928) [=Hippopetraliella (Serripetraliella) marginata]TC05
    |--Petraliidae [Discoporidae]THG01
    |    |--Petralia MacGillivray 1869T93
    |    |    `--*P. undata MacGill. 1869B53
    |    |--Coleopora Canu-B. 1927B53
    |    |    `--*C. verrucosa Canu-B. 1927B53
    |    |--Cycloperiella Canu-B. 1920B53
    |    |    `--*C. rubra Canu-B. 1920B53
    |    |--Pachycleithonia Canu-B. 1930B53
    |    |    `--*P. nigra Canu-B. 1930B53
    |    |--Utinga Marcus 1949B53
    |    |    `--*U. castanea (Busk 1884) [=Mucronella castanea]B53
    |    |--Robertsonidra Osburn 1952B53
    |    |    |--*R. oligopus (Robertson 1908) [=Schizoporella oligopus]THG01
    |    |    `--R. novella Ryland & Hayward 1992THG01
    |    `--Discopora Lamarck 1816B53
    |         |--*D. ‘verrucosa’ (Lamarck 1816) [=Cellepora verrucosa non Esper 1791]B53
    |         |--D. cribrumR26
    |         `--D. palmata Risso 1826R26
    |--Gigantoporidae [Galeopsidae, Tessaradomidae]THG01
    |    |--Cylindroporella Hincks 1877 [incl. Porinula Lev. 1916]B53
    |    |    `--*C. tubulosa (Norman 1868) [=Lepralia tubulosa]B53
    |    |--Dightonia Brown 1948B53
    |    |    `--*D. inarmata Brown 1948B53
    |    |--Gephyropora Busk 1884B53
    |    |    `--*G. polymorpha Busk 1884B53
    |    |--Hemicosciniopsis Vig. 1949B53
    |    |    `--H. incrustans Vig. 1949B53
    |    |--Pachystomaria MacGill. 1895B53
    |    |    `--*P. parvipuncta MacGill. 1895B53
    |    |--Schizaropsis Canu-B. 1917B53
    |    |    `--*S. convexa Canu-B. 1917B53
    |    |--Semihaswellia Canu & Bassler 1917B53
    |    |    `--*S. proboscidea (Waters 1889) [=Porina proboscidea]B53
    |    |--Stenopsella Vassler 1952 [=Stenopsis Canu-B. 1927 non Raf. 1815]B53
    |    |    `--*S. fenestrata (Smitt 1873) [=Porina fenestrata, *Stenopsis fenestrata]B53
    |    |--Tremotoichos Canu & Bassler 1917B53
    |    |    `--*T. rectifurcatum Canu-B. 1917B53
    |    |--Tessaradoma Norman 1868B53
    |    |    |--*T. gracilis (Sars 1850) [=Pustulipora gracilis]B53
    |    |    |--T. borealeR79
    |    |    `--T. rossica Favorskaja 1970T93
    |    |--Gigantopora Ridley 1881 [incl. Galeopsis Jullien 1903]B53
    |    |    |--*G. lyncoides Ridley 1881B53
    |    |    |--‘Galeopsis’ mimicusPG98
    |    |    |--G. pupaB53
    |    |    `--G. rabidusB53
    |    `--Cosciniopsis Canu & Bassler 1927THG01 [incl. Aptonella Canu-B. 1928B53]
    |         |--*C. coelatus Canu & Bassler 1927THG01
    |         |--C. globosa Harmer 1957THG01
    |         |--C. lonchaea (Busk 1884) (see below for synonymy)THG01
    |         |--‘Gephyrophora’ rubra Osburn 1940THG01
    |         `--‘*Aptonella’ violacea Canu & Bassler 1928B53, THG01
    |--Hippopodinidae [Hippoporinidae, Hippoporininae, Hippozeugosellidae]THG01
    |    |--Aimulosia Jullien 1888B53
    |    |    `--*A. australis Jullien 1888B53
    |    |--Balantiostoma Marsson 1887B53
    |    |    `--*B. marsupium (Hag. 1846) [=Cellepora marsupium]B53
    |    |--Clithriellum Brown 1948B53
    |    |    `--*C. oamurense Brown 1948B53
    |    |--Gemelliporella Canu-B. 1920B53
    |    |    `--*G. vorax Canu-B. 1923B53
    |    |--Gemelliporina Bassler 1936B53
    |    |    `--*G. glabra (Smitt 1872) [=Gemellipora glabra]B53
    |    |--Hippadenella Canu-B. 1917B53
    |    |    `--*H. margaritifera (Quoy & Gaymard 1833) [=Flustra margaritifera]B53
    |    |--Hippomonavella Canu-B. 1934B53
    |    |    `--*H. praeclara (MacGill. 1895) [=Lepralia praeclara]B53
    |    |--Hippoporella Canu 1917 [=Hippoponella Canu-B. 1920]B53
    |    |    `--*H. hippopus (Smitt 1873) [=Lepralia hippopus]THG01
    |    |--Hipposera Vig. 1949B53
    |    |    `--*H. formosa (Duvergier 1923) [=Hippodiplosia formosa]B53
    |    |--Hippothyris Osburn 1952B53
    |    |    `--*H. emplasta Osburn 1952B53
    |    |--Pseudoflustra Bidenkap 1897B53
    |    |    `--*P. solida (Simpson 1853) [=Flustra solida]B53
    |    |--Stephanosella Canu-B. 1917B53
    |    |    `--*S. biaperta (Mich. 1845) [=Eschara biaperta]B53
    |    |--Strophiella Jullien 1903B53
    |    |    `--*S. tuberigera Jullien 1903B53
    |    |--Trypocella Maple. 1902B53
    |    |    `--*T. excavata Maple. 1902B53
    |    |--Thornelya Harmer 1957THG01
    |    |    |--*T. ceylonica (Thornely 1905) [=Lepralia ceylonica]THG01
    |    |    `--T. fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon 2001THG01
    |    |--Bactridium Reuss 1848 non Kunze 1817 (ICBN) [=Hippozeugosella Canu-B. 1917]B53
    |    |    |--*B. hagenowi Reuss 1848 [=*Hippozeugosella hagenowi]B53
    |    |    `--B. arcuataB53
    |    |--Hippopodina Levinsen 1909THG01
    |    |    |--*H. feegeensis (Busk 1884) [=Lepralia feegeensis]THG01
    |    |    |--H. iririkensis Tilbrook 1999THG01
    |    |    `--H. tahitiensis (Leca & d’Hondt 1993) [=Hippopetraliella tahitiensis; incl. Hippopodina viriosa Tilbrook 1999]TC05
    |    `--Hippoporina Neviani 1895UB72
    |         |--*H. pertusa (Esper 1796) [=Cellepora pertusa]B53
    |         |--H. integraB53
    |         `--H. lancifera (Hincks 1891) [=Lepralia lancifera]UB72
    `--SchizoporellidaeT93
         |--Rogicka Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72
         |    `--*R. biserialis (Hincks 1885) [=Schizoporella biserialis, Arthropoma biseriale, Dakaria biserialis]UB72
         |--Buffonellaria Canu & Bassler 1917S92
         |    `--B. divergens (Smitt 1873)S92
         |--‘Cribella’ Jullien 1903 nec Agassiz 1835 nec Forbes 1841B53
         |    `--*C. nova Jullien 1903B53
         |--Emballotheca Lev. 1909B53
         |    `--*E. quadrata (MacGill. 1880) [=Lepralia quadrata]B53
         |--Gemelliporidra Canu-B. 1927B53
         |    `--*G. typica Canu-B. 1927B53
         |--Phonicosia Jullien 1888B53
         |    `--*P. jousseaumi Jullien 1888B53
         |--Schismoporella Gregory 1893B53
         |    `--*S. schizogaster (Reuss 1847) [=Cellepora schizogaster]B53
         |--Schizobrachiella Canu-B. 1920B53
         |    `--*S. sanguinea (Norman 1868) [=Hemeschara sanguinea]B53
         |--Schizoporellopsis Maple. 1898B53
         |    `--*S. abnormis Maple. 1898B53
         |--Sphenella Duvergier 1924B53
         |    `--*S. polymorpha Duvergier 1924B53
         |--Stellatopora Livingstone 1929B53
         |    `--*S. splendida Livingstone 1929B53
         |--Stephanotrema Vig. 1949B53
         |    `--*S. stricta (Duvergier 1920) [=Dakaria stricta]B53
         |--Systenostoma Marsson 1887B53
         |    `--*S. asperulum Marsson 1887B53
         |--Arthropoma Levinsen 1909
         |    |--A. cecilii (Audouin 1826)S92 [=Flustra ceciliiB53]
         |    `--A. circinata (MacGilivray 1869) [=A. circinatum]UB72
         |--Buffonellodes Strand 1928UB72 [=Buffonella Jullien 1888 non Keferstein 1868B53]
         |    |--*B. rimosa (Jullien 1888) [=Buffonella rimosa]B53
         |    `--B. ridleyi (MacGillivray 1883) [=Schizoporella ridleyi]UB72
         |--Hippodiplosia Canu 1916B53
         |    |--*H. verrucosa Canu 1916B53
         |    |--H. fascialisPP64
         |    `--H. pertusa (Esper 1796)ZCK75
         |--Chiastosella Canu & Bassler 1934UB72
         |    |--*C. daedala (MacGillivray 1887)B53, UB72 [=Schizoporella daedalaUB72]
         |    |--C. enigma Brown 1952UB72
         |    `--C. gabrieli Stach 1937UB72
         |--Stephanollona Duvergier 1921B53 [incl. Brodiella Uttley & Bullivant 1972THG01]
         |    |--*S. spinifera Duvergier 1921THG01
         |    |--‘Hippoporella’ labiata Hayward & Cook 1983THG01
         |    `--‘Schizoporella’ longispinata Busk 1884 (see below for synonymy)UB72
         |--Escharina Milne Edwards 1836THG01 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--*E. vulgaris (Moll 1803)THG01 [=Eschara vulgarisTHG01, *Schizolavella vulgarisB53]
         |    |--E. pesanseris (Smitt 1873) [=Hippothoa pesanseris]THG01
         |    |--E. porosaC79
         |    `--E. waiparaensis Brown 1952UB72
         |--Spiroporina Stoliczka 1864B53 [=Haswellia Busk 1884B53, Haswellina Livingstone 1928UB72]
         |    |--*S. vertebralis Stoliczka 1864 (see below for synonymy)B53
         |    |--S. pentagona (d’Orbigny 1842) [=Vincularia pentagona, Haswellina pentagona]UB72
         |    |--S. polypora Brown 1952 [=Haswellina polypora]UB72
         |    `--‘Haswellina’ tubulata Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72
         |--Dakaria Jullien 1903UB72
         |    |--*D. chevreuxi Jullien 1903B53
         |    `--D. feegeensis (Busk 1884)UB72
         |         |--D. f. feegeensisUB72
         |         `--D. f. vallata Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72
         |--Schizoporella Hincks 1877THG01
         |    |--*S. unicornis (Johnston 1847)THG01 [=Lepralia unicornisB53]
         |    |--S. dunkeri (Reuss 1848) [=Cellepora dunkeri; incl. S. unicornis f. longirostris Hincks 1886]THG01
         |    |--S. errata (Waters 1878) [=Lepralia errata]THG01
         |    |--S. hyalinaH04
         |    |--S. nivea Busk 1884S92
         |    `--S. ortmanni Kluge 1955UB72
         |--Stylopoma Canu & Bassler 1920THG01
         |    |--*S. spongites (Pallas 1776)THG01 [=Eschara spongitesTHG01, Schizoporella spongitesH30]
         |    |--S. duboisii (Audouin 1826)THG01
         |    |--S. novum Tilbrook 2001THG01
         |    |--S. thornelyae Livingstone 1926THG01
         |    |--S. velatum Tilbrook 2001THG01
         |    |--S. vilaensis Tilbrook 2001THG01
         |    `--S. viride (Thornely 1905) [=Schizoporella viridis; incl. St. grandis Canu & Bassler 1929]THG01
         `--Lacerna Jullien 1888 [incl. Schizomavella Canu & Bassler 1917]UB72
              |--*L. hosteensis Jullien 1888B53
              |--L. auriculata (Hassall 1842)UB72 (see below for synonymy)
              |--‘Schizomavella’ cinctipora (Hincks 1883) (see below for synonymy)UB72
              |--‘Schizomavella’ conjuncta Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72
              |--L. improvisa Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72
              |--L. incurvata Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72
              |--‘Schizomavella’ linearisBH88
              `--L. minuta Uttley & Bullivant 1972UB72

Cosciniopsis lonchaea (Busk 1884) [=Lepralia lonchaea; incl. Hippaliosina auriculata Hayward 1988, Cosciniopsis fusca Canu & Bassler 1927, Gephyrophora rostrigera Canu & Bassler 1929, Lepralia vestita Hincks 1885]^THG01

Escharina Milne Edwards 1836^THG01 [=Schizolavella Canu-B. 1920^B53; incl. Mastigophora Hincks 1880 nec Felder 1875 nec Hincks 1877^B53]

Lacerna auriculata (Hassall 1842)^UB72 [=Lepralia auriculata^UB72, *Schizomavella auriculata^B53, Schizoporella auriculata^UB72; incl. S. punctigera MacGillivray 1883^UB72, Arthropoma punctigerum^UB72, Schizomavella punctigera^UB72]

Petraliella crassocirca Canu & Bassler 1929 [=Hippopetraliella crassocirca; incl. Cheiloporina campanula Hayward & Ryland 1995, Lepralia crassa Thornely 1912 non Reuss 1874]^TC05

Petraliella dentilabris (Ortmann 1892) [=Lepralia dentilabris; incl. Petralia chuakensis Waters 1913, Hippopetraliella (*Serripetraliella) chuakensis, Petraliella chuakensis, Hippopetraliella (Serripetraliella) chuakensis hastingsae Stach 1936]^TC05

Petraliella dorsiporosa (Busk 1884) [=Lepralia dorsiporosa, *Hippopetraliella dorsiporosa; incl. Mucropetraliella valdemunita Harmer 1957]^TC05

Petraliella magna (d’Orbigny 1852) [=Semieschara magna, Hippopetraliella magna; incl. Petralia gigas Hincks 1885, Lepralia japonica Busk 1884, Petralia japonica]^TC05

‘Schizomavella’ cinctipora (Hincks 1883) [=Schizoporella cinctipora, Smittia cinctipora, Smittina cinctipora; incl. Schizoporella cinctipora var. personata Waters 1887]^UB72

‘Schizoporella’ longispinata Busk 1884 [=*Brodiella longispinata; incl. S. butleri Brown 1952, S. scintillans Hincks 1885, Rhynchozoon scintillans, S. scissa Brown 1852]^UB72

*Spiroporina vertebralis Stoliczka 1864 [=*Haswellia vertebralis, *Haswellina vertebralis; incl. Myriozoum australiense Haswell 1880]^B53

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B53] Bassler, R. S. 1953. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt G. Bryozoa. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[BH88] Boxshall, G. A., & A. G. Humes. 1988. A new genus of Lichomolgidae (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) associated with a phoronid in Hong Kong. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series 54 (6): 301–307.

[C79] Cook, P. L. 1979. Some problems in interpretation of heteromorphy and colony integration in Bryozoa. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 193–210. Academic Press: London.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H30] Harmer, S. F. 1930. Presidential address. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 141: 68–118.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[PG98] Probert, P. K., & S. L. Grove. 1998. Macrobenthic assemblages of the continental shelf and upper slope off the west coast of South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 28: 259–280.

[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.

[R79] Ryland, J. S. 1979. Structural and physiological aspects of coloniality in bryozoans. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 211–242. Academic Press: London.

[S92] Seo, J. E. 1992. A systematic study on the bryozoans from the South Sea in Korea I. Cheilostomata. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 8: 141–160.

[T93] Taylor, P. D. 1993. Bryozoa. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 465–489. Chapman & Hall: London.

[TC05] Tilbrook, K. J., & P. L. Cook. 2005. Petraliellidae Harmer, 1957 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Queensland, Australia. Systematics and Biodiversity 2 (3): 319–339.

[THG01] Tilbrook, K. J., P. J. Hayward & D. P. Gordon. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 35–109.

[UB72] Uttley, G. H., & J. S. Bullivant. 1972. Biological results of the Chatham Islands 1954 expedition. Part 7: Bryozoa Cheilostomata. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 139: 1–61.

[ZCK75] Zann, L. P., R. J. Cuffey & C. Kropach. 1975. Feeding behavior of Indo-Australian Hydrophiidae. In: Dunson, W. A. (ed.) The Biology of Sea Snakes pp. 251–265. University Park Press.