Belongs within: Bibionomorpha.
Contains: Huaxiasciaritidae, Ditomyiidae, Sciaridae, Lygistorrhinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Mycetophilidae, Keroplatidae.
The Sciaroidea are a diverse clade of mostly lightly built flies, including the fungus gnats and related taxa. Many of its constituent taxa previously combined in the family Mycetophilidae have been divided into separate families on the basis of the latter family’s non-monophyly. These include the genus Manota, characterised by having the head inserted at the anterior end of the thorax and with a row of strong posteriorly directed bristles behind the eye, and wing with the stem of M absent and branches of M present as detached veins on the distal part of the wing (Vockeroth 1981).
Synapomorphies (from Amorim & Rindal 2007, as Mycetophiliformia): Wings with r-m directed obliquely backwards; bM absent; width of basal radial (br) + basal medial (bm) combined cells smaller than medial fork width; first sector of M3+4 longitudinal; m-cu longitudinal, with basal angle; M4 parallel to CuA along its basal one-third; A1 incomplete or absent; male sternite 9 reduced to slender strip.
<==Sciaroidea [Fungivoroidea, Mycetophiliformia, Mycetophiloidea] |--Eoditomyia [Eoditomyiidae]GE05 `--+--+--DitomyiidaeWT11 | `--ManotaV81 [ManotidaeWT11, Manotinae] | |--M. coxataTE27 | |--M. defectaTE27 | |--M. flavipesTE27 | |--M. maorica Edwards in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27 | |--M. orientalisTE27 | `--M. unuifurcataTE27 `--+--Diadocidiidae [Diadocidiinae]WT11 | |--PaleoheterotrichaTE27 | |--PterogymnusV09 | `--DiadocidiaV09 | |--D. ferruginosaV81 | |--D. nigripalpusV09 | `--D. spinosulaP76 `--+--+--SciaridaeWT11 | `--+--LygistorrhinidaeWT11 | `--+--CecidomyiidaeWT11 | `--+--RangomaramidaeGE05 | `--ArchizelmiridaeGE05 | |--Burmazelmira aristicaGE05 | `--Zelmiarcha lebanensisGE05 `--+--MycetophilidaeWT11 `--+--KeroplatidaeWT11 `--Bolitophila Meigen 1818P86 [incl. BolitophilellaSS51; BolitophilidaeWT11, Bolitophilinae] | i. s.: B. apertaP76 | B. basicornis (Mayer 1951)P86 | B. dubiaP76 | B. glabratellaP76 | B. hybridaJP76 | B. tarsata Odaka 1935P86 | B. tasmaniensisG60 | B. tenella Winnertz 1863P86 |--B. (Bolitophila)P86 | |--B. (B.) caspersi Plassmann 1986P86 | `--B. (B.) cinereaG20 `--B. (Cliopisa) mayeri Plassmann 1986 [=B. tarsata Mayer 1951 non Odaka 1935]P86 Sciaroidea incertae sedis: PleciofungivoridaeBLM02 |--PleciofungivoraBLM02 |--Archihesperinus phryneoidesRJ93 `--Bryanka lepida Kovalev 1990RJ93 AntefungivoridaeBLM02 MesosciophilidaeBLM02 |--Mesosciophilina irinae Kovalev in Kalugina & Kovalev 1985RJ93 `--Mesosciophilites indefinites Kovalev 1986RJ93 OhakuneinaeJ09 |--*Rogambara dentataJ09 |--*Cabamofa miraJ09 |--Ohakunea Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27 | |--*O. bicolor Edwards in Tonnoir & Edwards 1927TE27 | `--O. australiensisTC04 `--ColonomyiaJ09 |--C. albicaulisJ09 `--C. boreaJ09 ParamanotaO98 HuaxiasciaritidaeH02 Sinoditomyia Hong 2002 [Sinoditomyiidae]H02 |--*S. maculosa Hong 2002H02 `--S. castanea Hong 2002H02 Eosciara euryopteris (Hong 1981)H02
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BLM02] Blagoderov, V. A., E. D. Lukashevich & M. B. Mostovski. 2002. Order Diptera Linné, 1758. The true flies (=Muscida Laicharting, 1781). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 227–240. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[G60] Gatenby, J. B. 1960. The Australasian mycetophilid glowworms. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 577–593.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.
[J09] Jaschhof, M. 2009. Ohakunea group (Sciaroidea, unassigned to family; no common name). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 315–317. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.
[JP76] Joost, W., & E. Plassmann. 1976. Mycetophiliden aus dem Zentralkaukasus (Diptera: Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 67–68.
[O98] Oosterbroek, P. 1998. The Families of Diptera of the Malay Archipelago. Brill: Leiden.
[P76] Plassmann, E. 1976. Vierter Nachtrag zu der Mycetophiliden-Sammlung des Senckenberg-Museums Frankfurt am Main (Diptera; Mycetophilidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 77–79.
[P86] Plassmann, E. 1986. Neun neue Pilzmücken aus der Westpaläarktis (Diptera, Nematocera, Mycetophilidae). Spixiana 9 (2): 143–150.
[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.
[SS51] Shaw, F. R., & M. M. Shaw. 1951. Relationships of certain genera of fungus gnats of the family Mycetophilidae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117 (3): 1–23.
[TC04] Toft, R. J., & P. J. Chandler. 2004. Three introduced species of Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) established in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 27: 43–49.
[TE27] Tonnoir, A. L., & F. W. Edwards. 1927. New Zealand fungus gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 747–878.
[V81] Vockeroth, J. R. 1981. Mycetophilidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., B. V. Peterson, G. E. Shewell, H. J. Teskey, J. R. Vockeroth & D. S. Wood (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera vol. 1 pp. 223–246. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.
[V09] Vockeroth, J. R. 2009. Diadocidiidae (diadocidiid fungus gnats). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 257–258. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.
[WT11] Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler, N. B. Barr, J.-W. Kim, C. Lambkin, M. A. Bertone, B. K. Cassel, K. M. Bayless, A. M. Heimberg, B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, T. Pape, B. J. Sinclair, J. H. Skevington, V. Blagoderov, J. Caravas, S. N. Kutty, U. Schmidt-Ott, G. E. Kampmeier, F. C. Thompson, D. A. Grimaldi, A. T. Beckenbach, G. W. Courtney, M. Friedrich, R. Meier & D. K. Yeates. 2011. Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108 (14): 5690–5695.