Belongs within: Hypnales.
The Sematophyllaceae are a family of mosses found primarily in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, with the majority of species being epiphytic. The family is distinguished by the presence of a well-defined row of alar cells in the leaf (Tan et al. 1996). Members of the type genus Sematophyllum are slender, creeping mosses with nerveless or shortly two-nerved leaves and a long slender beak on the capsule lid (Dixon 1924).
Characters (from Tan et al. 1996): Pleurocarpous, with a basal row of much enlarged, thin- to thick-walled, often coloured, alar cells; rows of smaller supra-alar cells may be present. Weakly to strongly collenchymatous exothecial cells. Calyptra cucullate; operculum long, rostrate; hypnoid peristome.
<==Sematophyllaceae | i. s.: ‘Chaetomitrium’ entodontoides Broth. & Watts 1918SK02 |--Struckia argentataN02 |--Pylaisiopsis speciosaN02 |--Trolliella euendostomaN02 |--Tristichella Dixon 1932SK02 |--Glossadelphus Fleischer 1923SK02 | `--G. zollingeri (Müll.Hal.) Fleischer 1923 [=Hypnum zollingeri Müll.Hal. 1851]SG07 |--Acanthorrhynchium Fleischer 1923SK02 | `--A. papillatum (Harv.) Fleischer 1923 [=Taxithelium papillatum, Wijkia papillata (nom. inv.)]SK02 |--Isocladiella Dixon 1931SK02 | `--I. wattsii (Broth.) Tan, Ramsay & Schofield 1996 [=Taxithelium wattsii Broth. 1918]SK02 |--Macrohymenium Müll.Hal. 1847SK02 | `--M. mitratum (Dozy & Molk.) Fleischer 1923 [incl. M. rufum (nom. illeg.)]SK02 |--Meiotheciella Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998SK02 | `--M. papillosa (Broth.) Tan, Ramsay & Schofield 1988SK02 |--Papillidiopsis (Broth.) Buck & Tan 1989SK02 | `--P. ramulina (Thwaites & Mitt.) Buck & Tan 1989SK02 |--Pseudohypnella (Broth.) Fleischer 1923SK02 | `--P. verrucosa (Dozy & Molk.) Fleischer 1923SK02 |--BrotherellaN02 | |--B. amblystegiaN02 | `--B. pallidaN02 |--Trismegistia (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. 1896SK02 | |--T. complanatulaBW15b | |--T. pedunculataBW15b | `--T. rigida (Mitt.) Broth. 1908 [incl. T. lancifolia (Harv.) Broth. 1908]SK02 |--Radulina Buck & Tan 1989SK02 | `--R. hamata (Dozy & Molk.) Buck & Tan 1989 [=Trichosteleum hamatum (Dozy & Molk.) Jaeger 1878]SK02 | |--R. h. var. hamataSK02 | `--‘Trichosteleum hamatum’ var. semimammillosum (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1898SK02 |--Clastobryum Dozy & Molk. 1846SK02 | |--C. conspicuum Fleischer 1923SK02 | |--C. dimorphum (Stone) Tan, Iwats. & Norris 1992 [=Tristichella dimorpha Stone 1987]SK02 | |--C. epiphyllum (Renauld & Cardot) Tan & Touw 1991SK02 | `--C. hebridense Brotherus in Brotherus & Watts 1915BW15a |--Wijkia Crum 1971SK02 | |--‘Hypnum’ devexum [=Eurhynchium devexum (Bosw.) Paris 1896]SK02 | |--W. extenuata (Brid.) Crum 1971 (see below for synonymy)SK02 | |--W. flagelliferaJ87 | `--W. tanytrichaN02 |--Rhaphidostegium (Schimp.) De Not. 1867 (nom. illeg.)SK02 | |--R. callidumD03 | |--R. noduliferumD03 | |--R. pallensD03 | `--R. secundifoliumD03 |--Warburgiella Müll.Hal. ex Broth. 1900SK02 | |--W. cupressinoides Müll.Hal. ex Broth. 1900SK02 | |--W. leptorhynchoides (Mitt.) Fleischer 1923 [incl. W. subleptorhynchoides (Fleischer) Fleischer 1923]SK02 | |--W. leptorrhyncha (Jaeger) Broth. 1925 [=Rhaphidostegium leptorrhynchum]SK02 | `--W. leucocytus (Müll.Hal.) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 (see below for synonymy)SK02 |--Meiothecium Mitt. 1868SK02 | |--M. jagorii (Müll.Hal.) Broth. 1908SK02 | |--M. secundifolium Dixon 1948SK02 | |--M. speciosaN02 | |--M. tenellum Broth. & Paris 1911 [incl. M. brotheri]SK02 | `--M. wattsii (Broth.) Broth. 1908 [=Pterogoniella wattsii]SK02 |--Rhaphidorrhynchium Fleischer 1923SK02 | |--R. amoenum (Hedw.) Fleischer 1923 [=Hypnum amoenum, Rhaphidostegium amoenum, Sematophyllum amoenum]SK02 | | |--R. a. var. amoenum (see below for synonymy)SK02 | | `--R. a. var. congruens Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 (see below for synonymy)SK02 | |--R. calliferum (Geh. & Hampe) Fleischer 1923 [=Rhaphidostegium calliferum, Sematophyllum calliferum]SK02 | `--R. tuloferum (Hampe) Broth. 1925 [=Hypnum tuloferum, Rhaphidostegium tuloferum, Rhynchostegium tuloferum]SK02 |--Trichosteleum Mitt. 1868SK02 | |--T. boschii (Dozy & Molk.) Jaeger 1878SK02 | |--T. fissumB57 | |--T. (Papillidium) gunnii Brotherus & Watts 1915BW15b | |--T. pickeringii [=T. (Thelidium) pickeringii]BW15b | |--T. ruficaule (Thwaites & Mitt.) Tan 1991 [incl. T. elegantulum Broth. & Watts 1918]SK02 | |--T. subfalcatulum (Broth. & Watts) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 (see below for synonymy)SK02 | |--T. subtile Brotherus & Watts 1915 [=T. (Thelidium) subtile]BW15b | `--T. wattsii (Paris) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 (see below for synonymy)SK02 |--Acroporium Mitt. 1868SK02 | |--A. caespitosumJ87 | |--A. erythropodium (Hampe) Broth. 1925 (see below for synonymy)SK02 | |--A. lamprophyllum Mitt. 1868SK02 | | |--A. l. var. lamprophyllumSK02 | | `--A. l. var. percaudatum (Bartram) Tan, Ramsay & Schofield 1996SK02 | |--A. microcladum (Dozy & Molk.) Tan 1997SK02 | | |--A. m. var. microcladumSK02 | | `--A. m. var. rhizogemmae Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998SK02 | `--A. rufum (Reinw. & Hornsch.) Fleischer 1923SK02 |--Taxithelium Spruce ex Mitt. 1869SK02 | |--T. annandii Brotherus & Watts 1915 [=T. (Polystigma, Aptera) annandii]BW15b | |--T. instratum (Brid.) Broth. 1901SK02 | |--T. kerianum (Broth.) Broth. 1908 [=Trichosteleum kerianum]SK02 | |--T. lindbergiiB57 | |--T. merrillii Broth. 1918SK02 | |--T. muscicola (Broth.) Tan, Ramsay & Schofield 1996 [=Trichosteleum muscicola Broth. 1900]SK02 | |--T. nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth. 1899 [=Hypnum nepalense Schwägr. 1828]SG07 | |--T. nitidulumBW15b | |--T. petrophilum Williams 1914SK02 | |--T. planum (Brid.) Mitt. 1869SK02 | |--T. polystichumM49 | |--T. selenithecium (Müll.Hal.) Paris ex Broth. 1908SK02 | `--T. substigmosumBW15b `--Sematophyllum Mitt. 1864SK02 |--S. brevicuspidatumBW15b |--S. bunodiocarpumBW15b |--S. crassiusculum (Brid.) Broth. 1925 [=Hypnum crassiusculum, Rhaphidostegium crassiusculum]SK02 |--S. demissum (Wilson) Mitt. 1864S04 [=Hypnum demissumD24, Plagiothecium demissumD24, Rhynchostegium demissumD24] |--S. etesseiBW15b |--S. glabrifolium Brotherus & Watts 1915BW15b |--S. homomallum (Hampe) Broth. 1925 (see below for synonymy)SK02 |--S. humile (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl 1925 (see below for synonymy)DD03 |--S. insularumJ87 |--S. jolliffii (Hooker) Dixon 1937 (see below for synonymy)SK02 |--S. lindigiiJ87 |--S. macrosporumM49 |--S. micans (Hedw.) Braithw. 1902S04 (see below for synonymy) | |--S. m. var. micansD24 | `--S. m. var. badense Herzog 1901D24 |--S. phoeniceumN02 |--S. saproxylophilum (Müll.Hal.) Fleischer 1923 [=Rhaphidostegium saproxylophilum]SK02 |--S. serricalyx Brotherus & Watts 1915BW15b |--S. sigmatodontumBW15b |--S. subcylindricum (Broth. ex Fleischer) Sainsbury 1952SK02 |--S. subhumile (Müll.Hal.) Fleischer 1923SK02 | |--S. s. var. subhumile (see below for synonymy)SK02 | `--S. s. var. contiguum (Mitt.) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 (see below for synonymy)SK02 |--S. subpinnatum (Brid.) Britton 1918 (see below for synonymy)SK02 |--S. substrumulosum (Hampe) Britton 1902S04 |--S. turgidumBW15b `--S. uncinatum Stone & Scott 1973 (see below for synonymy)SK02 Nomina nuda: Acroporium kerianum Broth. 1925 [=Sematophyllum kerianum Broth. & Paris 1925]SK02 Rhaphidostegium austrocircinale Broth. ex Bailey 1896SK02 Rhaphidostegium berberidis Dusén 1903D03 Rhaphidostegium exalare Müll.Hal. ex Bailey 1896SK02 Rhaphidostegium patagonicum Broth. in Dusén 1903D03 Rhaphidostegium polytrichadelphum Dusén 1903D03 Rhaphidostegium pseudohomomallum Müll.Hal. ex Forsyth 1900SK02 Rhaphidostegium strictipes Dusén 1903D03 Rhaphidostegium tristifolium Dusén 1903D03 Rhaphidostegium vesiculiforme Müll.Hal. ex Burges 1935SK02
Acroporium erythropodium (Hampe) Broth. 1925 [=Hypnum erythropodium, Rhynchostegium erythropodium, Sematophyllum erythropodium (preoc.)]SK02
Rhaphidorrhynchium amoenum (Hedw.) Fleischer 1923 var. amoenum [incl. Hypnum callidioides, Rhaphidorrhynchium callidioides (Müll.Hal.) Broth. 1925, Rhaphidostegium callidioides, Sematophyllum callidioides, Hypnum cyparioides, Rhaphidorrhynchium cyparioides, Rhaphidostegium cyparioides, Stereodon cyparoides, Hypnum leptorhynchum (nom. illeg.), St. leptorhynchus (nom. inv.)]SK02
Rhaphidorrhynchium amoenum var. congruens Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 [=Hypnum congruens, Rhaphidorrhynchium congruens (Hampe) Broth. 1925, Rhaphidostegium congruens, Rhynchostegium congruens]SK02
Sematophyllum homomallum (Hampe) Broth. 1925 [=Leskea homomalla, Hypnum homomallum, Pylaisia homomalla, Rhaphidostegium homomallum, Rhaphidorrhynchum homomallum (nom. inv.); incl. Hypnum drummondii, Leskea drummondii (nom. inv.), H. keysii (n. n.)]SK02
Sematophyllum humile (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl 1925 [=Stereodon humilis Mitt. 1859, Rhaphidostegium humile (Mitt.) Jaeger 1876-1879]DD03
Sematophyllum jolliffii (Hooker) Dixon 1937 [=Hypnum jolliffii, Rhaphidorrhynchium jolliffii (Hooker) Broth. 1925, Rhaphidorrhynchum jolliffii (nom. inv.), Rhaphidostegium jolliffii, Stereodon jolliffii]SK02
Sematophyllum micans (Hedw.) Braithw. 1902S04 [=Hygrohypnum micansS04; incl. Hypnum novae-caesareaeD24, Rhynchostegium novae-caesareaeD24, Sematophyllum novae-caesareaeS04]
Sematophyllum subhumile var. contiguum (Mitt.) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 [=Stereodon contiguus, Rhaphidorrhynchum contiguum (nom. inv.), Rhaphidostegium contiguum, Sematophyllum contiguum (Mitt.) Mitt. 1873; incl. Rhynchohypnum subpungens (nom. inv.), Rhynchostegium subpungens (n. n.)]SK02
Sematophyllum subhumile (Müll.Hal.) Fleischer 1923 var. subhumile [incl. Rhaphidostegium aciculum, Hypnum aciculum (nom. inv.), R. acicula (n. n.), Sematophyllum aciculum (Broth. ex Dixon) Dixon 1933, R. calocarpum (n. n.), S. elachistos (Besch.) Broth. 1925, R. lucidendroides (n. n.), R. luciduloides Dixon 1929]SK02
Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) Britton 1918 [incl. S. caespitosum Mitt. 1869, Rhaphidostegium caespitosum, R. ovale, R. pseudodemissum (n. n.)]SK02
Sematophyllum uncinatum Stone & Scott 1973 [incl. Hypnum tenuirostre, Rhaphidorrhynchium tenuirostre, Rhaphidorrhynchum tenuirostre (nom. inv.), Rhaphidostegium tenuirostre, Sematophyllum tenuirostre (preoc.), Rhaphidostegium tingiringense (n. n.)]SK02
Trichosteleum subfalcatulum (Broth. & Watts) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 [=Rhaphidostegium subfalcatulum, Rhaphidorrhynchium subfalcatulum (Broth. & Watts) Broth. 1925; incl. Trichosteleum pallidum Dixon 1942]SK02
Trichosteleum wattsii (Paris) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 [=Rhaphidostegium wattsii, Sematophyllum wattsii (Paris) Broth. 1925; incl. Leptorrhynchohypnum glaucoviride, Hypnum glaucoviride, Rhaphidostegium glaucoviride, Rhynchostegium glaucoviride, Sematophyllum glaucoviride (Jaeger) Broth. 1925, Rhaphidostegium micropyxis (preoc.)]SK02
Warburgiella leucocytus (Müll.Hal.) Tan, Schofield & Ramsay 1998 [=Rhaphidorrhynchium leucocytus, Rhaphidostegium leucocytus, Sematophyllum leucocytus (Müll.Hal.) Sainsbury 1955, Warburgiella leucocyta; incl. Hypnum cerviculatum, Rhaphidorrhynchium cerviculatum, Rhaphidorrhynchum cerviculatum (l. c.), Rhaphidostegium cerviculatum, Stereodon cerviculatus, Hypnum trachychaetum, Rhaphidorrhynchium trachychaetum, Rhaphidostegium trachychaetum, Rhynchostegium trachychaetum, Taxithelium trachychaetum]SK02
Wijkia extenuata (Brid.) Crum 1971 [=Hypnum extenuatum, Acanthocladium extenuatum, Sematophyllum extenuatum; incl. Hypnum crinitum, Acanthocladium crinitum, Sematophyllum crinitum, A. crossii, Wijkia crossii (Broth. & Geh. ex Broth.) Crum 1971, A. extenuatum f. flagellaris Broth. ex Watts 1901 (n. n.), Hypnum filiferum (nom. inv.), Stereodon flagelliramus, H. glaucescens (nom. inv.), Rhynchostegium glaucescens, Acanthocladium macroextenuatum (n. n.), Hypnum polyurum (n. n.), H. pseudoextenuatum, Acanthocladium pseudoextenuatum (n. n.), A. rigidifolium, Wijkia rigidifolia (Dixon) Crum 1971, A. extenuatum var. rivuletorum (n. n.), A. sericeum (n. n.), Hypnum subextenuatum, A. subextenuatum (n. n.)]SK02
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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