Belongs within: Eupercaria.
Contains: Lethrinidae, Sparidae.
The Spariformes are a clade of marine fishes found in tropical and subtropical shallow coastal waters, united by specialisations of the suspensorium (Betancur-R. et al. 2013). Representatives include the Nemipteridae, threadfin breams, bottom-loving fishes with ten spines in the dorsal fin and deep first and second infraorbitals (Russell 2001).
Systematics of Spariformes
Spariformes [Sparoidea]B-RB13
|--+--LethrinidaeB-RW17
| `--SparidaeB-RW17
`--Nemipteridae [Pentapodidae]B-RW17
|--Scaevius milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent 1823)R01
|--SynagrisJR10
| |--S. upeneoides [=Dentex upeneoides]P89
| `--S. zysron [=Dentex zysron]P89
|--Parascolopsis Boulenger 1901R01, B01
| |--*P. townsendi Boulenger 1901B01
| |--P. eriomma (Jordan & Richardson 1909)R01
| |--P. inermis (Schlegel 1843)R01
| |--P. melanophrys Russell & Chin 1996R01
| |--P. rufomaculatus Russell 1986R01
| |--P. tanyactis Russell 1986R01
| `--P. tosensis (Kamohara 1938)MM09
|--PentapodusND13
| |--P. bifasciatus (Bleeker 1848)R01
| |--P. caninus (Cuvier 1830)R01
| |--P. emeryii (Richardson 1843)R01
| |--P. miliiS44
| |--P. nagasakiensis (Tanaka 1915)R01
| |--P. paradiseus (Günther 1859)R01 [=Pentapus paradiseusM58]
| |--P. porosus (Valenciennes 1830)R01
| |--P. setosus (Valenciennes 1830) [=Pentapus setosus]M58
| |--P. trivittatus (Bloch 1791)R01
| `--P. vitta (Quoy & Gaimard 1824)R01, M58 [=Pentapus vittaM58]
|--Scolopsis [Scolopsidae]B03
| | i. s.: S. affinis Peters 1877B03
| | S. auratus (Park 1797)R01
| | S. bimaculatus Rüppell 1828M58
| | S. bleekeriJR10
| | S. bulanensis Evermann & Seale 1906JR10
| | S. cancellatus (Cuvier 1830) [=Scolopsides cancellatus]M58
| | S. ciliatus (Lacépède 1802)B03 (see below for synonymy)
| | S. dubiosus Weber 1913M58
| | S. ghanam (Forskål 1775) [=Sciaena ghanam; incl. Scolopsides burukuarem Thiollière 1857]M58
| | S. inermisB01
| | S. lineatus Quoy & Gaimard 1824B03
| | S. longulus Richardson 1842 [incl. S. leucotaenia Fowler 1928]M58
| | S. luzonia Jordan & Seale 1906JR10
| | S. monogramma (Kuhl & Van Hassekt 1830)R01 (see below for synonymy)
| | S. personatus (Cuvier 1830) [=Scolopsides personatus]M58
| | S. taeniopterus (Kuhl & van Hasselt 1830) [incl. S. siamensis Akazaki 1962]R01
| | S. temporalis (Cuvier 1830)B03 [=Scolopsides temporalisM58]
| | S. trilineatus Kner 1868B03
| | S. vosmeri (Bloch 1792)R01
| | S. xenochrous Günther 1872M58
| |--S. bilineatus (Bloch 1793)B-RW17, R01 [=Anthias bilineatusM58, Scolopsides bilineatusM58]
| `--+--S. frenataB-RW17
| `--S. margaritifer (Cuvier 1830)B-RW17, M58 (see below for synonymy)
`--NemipterusB03
|--N. aurifilum (Ogilby 1910)R01
|--N. aurora Russell 1993R01
|--N. balinensis (Bleeker 1858–1859)R01
|--N. balinensoides (Popta 1918)R01
|--N. bathybius Snyder 1911R01
|--N. bipunctatus (Ehrenberg 1830) [incl. N. delagoae Smith 1941]R01
|--N. celebicus (Bleeker 1854) [=Dentex celebicus, Synagris celebricus]M58
|--N. furcosus (Valenciennes 1830)B03 [=Synagris furcosusM58]
|--N. gracilis (Bleeker 1873)R01
|--N. hexodon (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) (see below for synonymy)M58
|--N. isacanthus (Bleeker 1873)R01
|--N. japonicus (Bloch 1791)R01
|--N. luteusJR10
|--N. marginatus (Valenciennes 1830)R01
|--N. mesoprion (Bleeker 1853)R01
|--N. metopias (Bleeker 1857) [=Dentex metopias]M58
|--N. nematophorus (Bleeker 1853) [incl. N. filamentosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830) (preoc.)]R01
|--N. nematopus (Bleeker 1851)R01
|--N. nemurus (Bleeker 1857) [=Dentex nemurus]M58
|--N. oveniiJR10
|--N. peronii (Valenciennes 1830)B03 (see below for synonymy)
|--N. taeniopterusJR10
|--N. tambuloides (Bleeker 1853)R01
|--N. theodorei Ogilby 1916R01
|--N. thosaporni Russell 1991R01
|--N. virgatus (Houttuyn 1782)R01
|--N. vitiensis Russell 1990R01
|--N. worcesteri Evermann & Seale 1906JR10
`--N. zysron (Bleeker 1856–1857)R01
Nemipterus hexodon (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) [=Dentex hexodon; incl. Synagris notatus Ramsay & Ogilby 1886, D. ruber Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830]M58
Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes 1830)B03 [=Dentex peroniiM58; incl. Dentex tolu Valenciennes in Cuvier & ValenciennesM58, R01, Nemipterus toluR01]
Scolopsis ciliatus (Lacépède 1802)B03 [=Holocentrus ciliatusM58, Scolopsis (Ctenoscolopsis) ciliatusM58; incl. Scolopsides lerol Thiollière 1857M58, Scolopsides lycogenis Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830M58]
Scolopsis margaritifer (Cuvier 1830)B-RW17, M58 [=Scolopsides margaritiferV58; incl. Scolopsis macrophthalmus Ramsay & Douglas-Ogilby 1886M58]
Scolopsis monogramma (Kuhl & Van Hassekt 1830)R01 [=Scolopsides monogrammaM58; incl. Scolopsis regina Whitley 1937R01]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B03] Béarez, P. 2003. Premier signalement de Scolopsis taeniopterus (Nemipteridae) et de Gymnocranius elongatus (Lethrinidae) en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cybium 27 (1): 61–62.
[B-RB13] Betancur-R., R., R. E. Broughton, E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, II, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, D. J. Hough, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia & G. Ortí. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life April 18 2013. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288.
[B-RW17] Betancur-R, R., E. O. Wiley, G. Arratia, A. Acero, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2017. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 162.
[B01] Boulenger, G. A. 1901. On some deep-sea fishes collected by Mr. F. W. Townsend in the Sea of Oman. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 261–263, pl. 6.
[JR10] Jordan, D. S., & R. E. Richardson. 1910. Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine archipelago. Bureau of Printing: Manila.
[MM09] Moore, G., & S. Morrison. 2009. Fishes of three North West Shelf atolls of Western Australia: Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 221–255.
[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: a check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted: 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).
[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.
[P89] Perugia, A. 1889. Elenco dei pesci raccolti dal Dott. Elio Modigliani nelle Isole di Nias e di Sumatra. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a, 7: 269–277.
[R01] Russell, B. C. 2001. Nemipteridae. Threadfin breams (also whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams, and coral breams). In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3051–3089. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.