Belongs within: Cranichideae.
The Spiranthinae are a mostly Neotropical group of terrestrial orchids, characterised by basal leaves, flowers with the margins of the labellum adherent to the sides of the column and pollinium tetrads differentiated into a body and stalk, and seeds with elevated transverse anticlinal cell walls and ridges on external periclinal walls (Salazar et al. 2002). Species of the genus Spiranthes, ladies’ tresses, are widespread in temperate regions of the world.
<==Spiranthinae [Spirantheae]
|--SacoilaSCSA02
|--MesadenellaSCSA02
|--*Eltroplectris calcarataSCSA02
|--Beloglottis costaricensisRG07
|--Cyclopogon elatusRG07
|--Hapalorchis lineatusRG07
|--Lankesterella longicollisRG07
|--Mesadenus polyanthusRG07
|--PelexiaRG07
| |--P. adnataRG07
| `--P. corymbosa Lindl. 1840K16
|--Pseudogoodyera wrightiiRG07
|--Sarcoglottis acaulisRG07
|--Schiedeella amesianaRG07
|--Stenorrhynchos speciosumRG07
|--BeadleaA86
|--BuchtieniaA86
|--CoccineorchisA86
|--DeiregyneA86
|--DiscyphusA86
|--FunkiellaA86
|--GamosepalumA86
|--LyroglossaA86
|--SauroglossumA86
|--Synassa dilatata Lindl. 1833A86, K16
|--PteroglossaSCSA02
| |--P. roseoalba (Reichenb.) Salazar & Chase in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 (see below for synonymy)SCSA02
| `--P. travassosii (Rolfe) Salazar & Chase in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 (see below for synonymy)SCSA02
|--EurystylesRG07
| |--E. alticolaRG07
| |--E. ananassocomosRG07
| `--E. domingensisRG07
|--DichromanthusSCSA02
| |--*D. cinnabarinusSCSA02
| |--D. aurantiacus (Llave & Lex.) Salazar & Soto Arenas in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 (see below for synonymy)SCSA02
| `--D. michuacanus (Llave & Lex.) Salazar & Soto Arenas in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 (see below for synonymy)SCSA02
`--Spiranthes Rich. 1817ME70
|--*S. spiralisME70
|--S. cernua [incl. Neottia gemmipara]C55
|--S. chloropsK16
|--S. corymbosa Kränzlin 1916K16
|--S. diluvialisKIW98
|--S. lacera [incl. S. gracilis]V72
|--S. lucidaV72
|--S. matucanensis Kränzlin 1916K16
|--S. pachyrhiza Kränzlin 1916K16
|--S. porrifoliaH93
|--S. romanzoffianaH93
|--S. rupestrisK16
|--S. sinensis (Pers.) Ames 1908 (see below for synonymy)ME70
| |--S. s. var. sinensisO88
| `--S. s. var. amoenaO88
|--S. speciosa [=Sarcoglottis speciosa]K16
|--S. × steigeri [S. cernua × S. romanzoffiana]V72
|--S. tuberosa [incl. S. grayi]V72
|--S. vernalisRG07
`--S. weberbaueri Kränzlin 1916K16
Dichromanthus aurantiacus (Llave & Lex.) Salazar & Soto Arenas in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 [=Neottia aurantiaca Llave & Lex. 1825, Gyrostachys aurantiaca (Llave & Lex.) Kuntze 1891, Spiranthes aurantiaca (Llave & Lex.) Hemsley 1884, Stenorrhynchos aurantiacum (Llave & Lex.) Lindley 1840; incl. Sp. lanuginosa Richard & Gal. 1845, St. lanuginosus (Richard & Gal.) Schlechter 1918, St. lupulinum Lindley 1840, Gyrostachys lupulina (Lindley) Kuntze 1891, Spiranthes lupulina (Lindley) Hemsley in Godm. & Salvin 1885]SCSA02
Dichromanthus michuacanus (Llave & Lex.) Salazar & Soto Arenas in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 [=Neottia michuacana Llave & Lex. 1825, Gyrostachys michuacana (Llave & Lex.) Kuntze 1891, Schiedeella michuacana (Llave & Lex.) Burns-Bal. 1981, Spiranthes michuacana (Llave & Lex.) Hemsley 1884, Stenorrhynchos michuacanum (Llave & Lex.) Lindley 1840; incl. Sp. bracteolaris Kränzl 1915, St. madrensis Reichenb. 1855, Gyrostachys madrensis (Reichenb.) Kuntze 1891, Spiranthes madrensis (Reichenb.) Kuntze 1891, Neottia sulphurea Llave & Lex. 1825, Gyrostachys sulphurea (Llave & Lex.) Kuntze 1891, Spiranthes sulphurea (Llave & Lex.) Hemsley 1884, Stenorrhynchos sulphureum (Llave & Lex.) Lindley 1840, St. michuacanus var. vexillaris Szlach. 1994]SCSA02
Pteroglossa roseoalba (Reichenb.) Salazar & Chase in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 [=Pelexia roseoalba Reichenb. 1854, Centrogenium roseoalbum (Reichenb.) Schlechter 1919, Eltroplectris roseoalba (Reichenb.) Hamer & Garay 1974]SCSA02
Pteroglossa travassosii (Rolfe) Salazar & Chase in Salazar, Chase & Soto Arenas 2002 [=Pelexia travassosii Rolfe 1892, Eltroplectris travassosii (Rolfe) Garay 1982]SCSA02
Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames 1908 [=Neottia sinensis Pers. 1807; incl. N. australis Br. 1810, Spiranthes australis (Br.) Lindl. 1824, S. novae-zelandiae Hook. f. 1853]ME70
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A86] Atwood, J. T. 1986. The size of the Orchidaceae and the systematic distribution of epiphytic orchids. Selbyana 9: 171–186.
[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.
[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).
[KIW98] Kearns, C. A., D. W. Inouye & N. M. Waser. 1998. Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant-pollinator interactions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 83–112.
[K16] Kränzlin, F. 1916. Orchidaceae andinae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54 (Beiblatt 117): 16–34.
[ME70] Moore, L. B., & E. Edgar. 1970. Flora of New Zealand vol. 2. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae. A. R. Shearer, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.
[RG07] Ramírez, S. R., B. Gravendeel, R. B. Singer, C. R. Marshall & N. E. Pierce. 2007. Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator. Nature 448: 1042–1045.
[SCSA02] Salazar, G. A., M. W. Chase & M. A. Soto Arenas. 2002. Galeottiellinae, a new subtribe and other nomenclatural changes in Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae: Cranichideae). Lindleyana 17 (3): 172–176.
[V72] Voss, E. G. 1972. Michigan Flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium.