Belongs within: Spiriferinida.
The Spiriferinidae are a Lower Carboniferous to Lower Jurassic family of generally small brachiopods with transverse shells bearing a distinct fold and sulcus and plicate lateral flanks (Boucot et al. 1965).
Characters (Boucot et al. 1965): Shell rather variable, but typically small, rather transverse, biconvex, with distinct fold and sulcus and plicate lateral slopes; micro-ornament variable, consisting of growth lamellae, capillae, spines, and granules in various combinations; interior of pedicle valve with well-developed median septum, commonly with dental plates; shell substance generally, but not invariably, punctate.
<==Spiriferinidae [Spiriferinacea]BJ65
|--Spiropunctifera tulnsis Ivanova 1971HB93
|--Callospiriferina tumidus (von Buch 1836)HB93
|--Acanthospira Weller 1914 [=Acanthospirina Schuchert & LeVene 1929]BJ65
| `--*A. aciculifera (Rowley 1893) [=Spirifer aciculifera, *Acanthospirina aciculifera]BJ65
|--Dimegelasma Cooper 1942BJ65
| `--*D. neglectum (Hall 1858) [=Spirifer neglectus]BJ65
|--Liriplica Campbell 1961BJ65
| `--*L. alta Campbell 1961BJ65
|--Mentzeliopsis Trechmann 1918BJ65
| `--*M. spinosa Trechmann 1918BJ65
|--Odontospirifer Dunbar 1955BJ65
| `--*O. mirabilis Dunbar 1955BJ65
|--Punctothyris Hyde 1953BJ65
| `--*P. argus Hyde 1953BJ65
|--Rastelligera Hector 1879BJ65
| `-*R. elongata Hector in Thomson 1913BJ65
|--Spinuliplica Campbell 1961BJ65
| `--*S. spinulosa Campbell 1961BJ65
|--Spiriferellina Frederiks 1919 [=Tylotoma Grabau 1934]BJ65
| `--*S. cristata (von Schlotheim 1816) [=Terebratulites cristatus, *Tylotoma cristatum]BJ65
|--Spiriferinaella Frederiks 1926BJ65
| `--*S. artiensis (Stuckenberg 1898) [=Spirifer artiensis]BJ65
|--Ziganella Nalivkin in Ivanova 1960BJ65
| `--*Z. ziganensis Nalivkin in Ivanova 1960BJ65
|--Callispirina Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951 (see below for synonymy)BJ65
| `--*C. ornata (Waagen 1883) [=Spiriferina ornata, *Maia ornata, *Mansuyella ornata, *Maya ornata]BJ65
|--Punctospirifer North 1920BJ65
| |--*P. scabricosta North 1920BJ65
| `--P. cristataRR79
|--Sinucosta Dagis 1963 [incl. Guseriplia Dagis 1963]BJ65
| |--*S. emmrichi (Suess 1854) [=Spirifer emmrichi]BJ65
| `--‘*Guseriplia’ multicostata Dagis 1963]BJ65
|--Spiriferinoides Tokuyama 1957BJ65
| |--*S. sakawanus Kobayashi & Tokuyama in Tokuyama 1957BJ65
| `--S. yeharaiBJ65
|--Altiplecus Stehli 1954BJ65
| |--*A. cooperi Stehli 1954BJ65
| |--A. mongolicus (Grabau 1931) [=Spirifer mongolicus]DX84
| `--A. unicus Duan & Li in Ding, Xia et al. 1984DX84
`--Spiriferina d’Orbigny 1847BJ65
|--*S. walcotti (Sowerby 1823)BJ65 (see below for synonymy)
|--S. biplicataG31
|--S. chuchuaniG31
|--S. coronaeG31
|--S. cristata (von Buch 1837)G31, W77 [=Spirifer cristatusW77]
|--S. expansaG31
|--S. fastigataG31
|--S. insculptaG31
|--S. kentuckensis (Shumard 1855) [=Spirifer kentuckensis]W77
|--S. laminosa [incl. S. laminosa mut. sterlitamakensis]G31
|--S. mongolica Grabau 1931G31
|--S. multiplicataRR79
|--S. multipunctata Mansuy 1913G31
|--S. octoplicata (Sowerby 1827) (see below for synonymy)W77
|--S. panderiG31
|--S. paratransversa Minato 1952HB93
|--S. parvulaG31
|--‘Terebratulites’ rostratus von Schlotheim 1822BJ65 (see below for synonymy)
|--S. spinosaW77
`--S. subcristataG31
Callispirina Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951 [=Maia Frederiks 1919 nec Lamarck 1801 nec Reichenbach 1850, Mansuyella Reed 1944 non Endo 1937, Maya Rakusz 1932 non Blattny 1925]BJ65
Spiriferina octoplicata (Sowerby 1827) [=Spirifer octoplicatus, Spiriferina cristata var. octoplicata; incl. Spiriferina spinosa var. campestris White 1874]W77
*Spiriferina walcotti (Sowerby 1823)BJ65 [=Spirifer walcottiBJ65, Delthyris walcottiCD53, Terebratula walcottiCD53, Trigonotreta walcottiCD53; incl. Delthyris octoplicatus Ziet. 1830CD53]
‘Terebratulites’ rostratus von Schlotheim 1822BJ65 [=Delthyris rostrataCD53, D. rostratusCD53, Spirifer rostrataCD53, Spirifer rostratusBJ65; incl. Spirifer chiliensis Forbes & Darwin 1846CD53, Spirifer hartmanni Ziet. 1830CD53, Delthyris hartmanni Quenstedt 1843CD53, Spiriferina hartmanniCD53, Spirifer linguiferoides Forbes & Darwin 1846CD53, Spirifer mesoloba Phill. Deslong. 1837CD53, Spirifer pinguis Ziet. 1830CD53, Spirifer punctatus Buchmann 1845CD53, Delthyris tumidus De Buch 1840CD53, Spirifer tumidusCD53, Spirifer verrucosa Ziet. 1830CD53, D. verrucosaCD53, D. verrucosusCD53, Spirifer verrucosusCD53, Spiriferina verrucosaCD53]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BJ65] Boucot, A. J., J. G. Johnson, C. W. Pitrat & R. D. Staton. 1965. Spiriferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H632–H728. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).
[CD53] Chapuis, F., & G. Dewalque. 1853. Description des fossiles des terrains secondaires de la province de Luxembourg. M. Hayez: Bruxelles.
[DX84] Ding Y., Xia G., Duan C., Li W., Liu X. & Liang Z. 1984. Study on the early Permian stratigraphy and fauna in Zhesi district, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (Inner Mongolia). Bulletin of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 10: 1–244, 258 pls.
[G31] Grabau, A. W. 1931. The Permian of Mongolia: A report on the Permian fauna of the Jisu Honguer limestone of Mongolia and its relations to the Permian of other parts of the world. American Museum of Natural History: New York.
[HB93] Harper, D. A. T., C. H. C. Brunton, L. R. M. Cocks, P. Copper, E. N. Doyle, A. L. Jeffrey, E. F. Owen, M. A. Parkes, L. E. Popov & C. D. Prosser. 1993. Brachiopoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 427–462. Chapman & Hall: London.
[RR79] Ross, C. A., & J. R. P. Ross. 1979. Permian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A291–A350. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.