Belongs within: Bryidae.
The Splachnales are a group of mosses producing erect capsules with a differentiated neck. Members of the family Splachnaceae are often found growing on dung or decaying animal matter. The Meesiaceae are generally found on peaty substrates.
Characters (Buck & Goffinet 2000): Leaf cells rhombic to elongate, typically smooth. Capsules erect with differentiated neck; peristome single or double; cilia rudimentary or absent.
<==Splachnales [Splachnineae]
|--Catoscopium Brid. 1826 [Catoscopiaceae, Catoscopiineae]S04
| `--C. nigritum Brid. 1826S04 [=Weisia nigritaD24]
|--MeesiaceaeSK02
| |--Amblyodon Beauv. 1804 [Amblyodontoideae]S04
| | `--A. dealbatus (Sw. ex Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch et al. 1841S04 [=Bryum dealbatumD24, Meesia dealbataOZB-O03]
| |--Paludella Brid. 1817 [Paludellaceae, Paludelleae, Paludelloideae]S04
| | `--P. squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. 1817S04 [=Bryum squarrosumD24; incl. Hypnum paludellaOZB-O03]
| |--Leptobryum (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson 1855 [Leptobryoideae]S04
| | |--L. pottiaceum Dusén 1903D03
| | |--L. pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson 1855SK02 (see below for synonymy)
| | | |--L. p. var. pyriformeD24
| | | `--L. p. var. minusD24
| | |--L. sericeum Kindb. 1888 (n. d.) [=Bryum sericeum (preoc.), Pohlia sericea]SK02
| | `--L. wilsoniiSK02
| `--Meesia Hedw. 1801 (nom. cons.) [Meesioideae]SK02
| |--M. austro-georgicaD03
| |--M. hexasticha (Funck) Bruch 1826 [=Diplocomium hexastichum; incl. M. albertinii, M. hexagona]OZB-O03
| |--M. longiseta Hedw. 1801 [=Diplocomium longisetum]OZB-O03
| |--M. muelleri Müll.Hal. & Hampe 1856 [incl. M. macrantha]SK02
| |--M. patagonica Dusén 1903D03
| |--M. triquetra (Richter) Ångström 1844S04 (see below for synonymy)
| `--M. uliginosa Hedw. 1801S04 (see below for synonymy)
| |--M. u. var. uliginosaD24
| `--M. ‘trichoides’ var. alpinaD24
`--SplachnaceaeSK02
| i. s.: Aplodon (Br.) Rchb. 1828 non Rafinesque 1819 (ICZN)S04
| `--A. wormskjoldii (Hornem.) Kindb. 1897 (see below for synonymy)S04
| Hymenocleiston magellanicumD03
| |--H. m. var. magellanicumD03
| `--H. m. var. edenenseD03
| DissodonD03
| |--D. hornschuchiiH04
| `--D. magellanicusD03
|--SplachnoideaeOZB-O03
| |--Splachnum Hedw. 1801S04
| | |--S. ampullaceum Hedw. 1801S04 [incl. S. turnerianumD24]
| | |--S. luteumH04
| | |--S. sphaericum Hedw. 1801S04 [incl. S. ovatumS04, S. pedunculatumD24]
| | `--S. vasculosum Hedw. 1801S04
| `--Tetraplodon Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1844OZB-O03, S04
| |--T. angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1844D24, S04 [=Splachnum angustatumD24]
| |--T. fuegianusD03
| |--T. mnioides (Sw. ex Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1844S04 (see below for synonymy)
| `--T. urceolatusD24
`--Tayloria Hooker 1816SK02 [TaylorioideaeOZB-O03]
|--T. acuminata Hornsch. 1825OZB-O03
|--T. callophylla (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. 1882 (see below for synonymy)SK02
|--T. froelichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. in Engl. & Prantl 1903 [=Dissodon froelichianus]OZB-O03
|--T. grandisB-OO10
|--T. gunnii (Wilson) Willis 1950 (see below for synonymy)SK02
|--T. lingulata (Dicks.) Lindb. 1879S04 [=Splachnum lingulatumD24]
|--T. maidenii Broth. 1916SK02
|--T. octoblepharum (Hooker) Mitt. 1882 (see below for synonymy)SK02
| |--T. o. var. octoblepharum (see below for synonymy)SK02
| |--T. o. var. major (Hooker & Wilson) Watts & Whitel. 1906 [=Dissodon plagiopus var. major]SK02
| `--T. o. var. pyriformis (Hooker & Wilson) Watts & Whitel. 1906 [=Dissodon plagiopus var. pyriformis]SK02
|--T. purpurascensSK02
|--T. serrata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1844 [incl. T. serrata var. flagellaris]OZB-O03
|--T. splachnoides (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Hook. 1816OZB-O03 [=Dissodon splachnoidesD24]
|--T. tasmanica (Hampe) Broth. 1903 [=Tetraplodon tasmanicus]SK02
`--T. tenuis (Dicks. ex With.) Schimp. 1876S04 (see below for synonymy)
Nomina nuda: Dissodon plagiopus var. minor Müll.Hal. & Hampe 1853 [=Tayloria octoblepharum var. minor Watts & Whitel. 1906]SK02
Dissodon nanocarpus Müll.Hal. 1901 [=Tayloria nanocarpa Watts & Whitel. 1906]SK02
Aplodon wormskjoldii (Hornem.) Kindb. 1897 [=Haplodon wormskjoldii, Splachnum wormskjoldii, Tetraplodon wormskjoldii]S04
Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson 1855SK02 [=Hypnum pyriformeOZB-O03, Mnium pyriformeD24, Webera pyriformisOZB-O03; incl. Bryum senodictyon (n. n.)SK02, Leptobryum senodictyon (n. n.)SK02]
Meesia triquetra (Richter) Ångström 1844S04 [incl. M. triquetra var. giganteaOZB-O03, M. triquetra var. timmioidesOZB-O03, M. trifariaS04, M. tristichaS04]
Meesia uliginosa Hedw. 1801S04 [incl. Bryum trichoidesD24, M. trichodesS04; incl. M. trichodes var. angustifoliaOZB-O03, M. trichodes var. minorOZB-O03]
Tayloria callophylla (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. 1882 [=Dissodon callophyllus, Splachnum callophyllum; incl. Eremodon robustus]SK02
Tayloria gunnii (Wilson) Willis 1950 [=Splachnum gunnii, S. grumii (nom. inv.); incl. Tetraplodon gunnianum (nom. illeg.), Tayloria obtusissima]SK02
Tayloria octoblepharum (Hooker) Mitt. 1882 [=Splachnum octoblepharum, Dissodon octoblepharum, Eremodon octoblepharum]SK02
Tayloria octoblepharum (Hooker) Mitt. 1882 var. octoblepharum [incl. Dissodon cuspidatus (nom. illeg.), D. novae-valesiae, Tayloria novae-valesiae, D. pallescens (nom. inv.), T. pallescens (nom. inv.), D. plagiopus]SK02
Tayloria tenuis (Dicks. ex With.) Schimp. 1876S04 [=Splachnum tenueD24, T. serrata var. tenuisD24; incl. T. longicollisS04]
Tetraplodon mnioides (Sw. ex Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & Gümbel 1844S04 [=Splachnum mnioidesD24; incl. T. bryoidesD24, S. brewerianumD24, T. bryoides var. breverianusOZB-O03, T. bryoides var. cavifoliusOZB-O03]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B-OO10] Bednarek-Ochyra, H., & R. Ochyra. 2010. Bucklandiella shevockii (Bryophyta, Grimmiaceae), an exquisite new species from Yunnan, China. Polish Botanical Journal 55 (2): 499–506.
Buck, W. R., & B. Goffinet. 2000. Morphology and classification of mosses. In: Shaw, A. J., & B. Goffinet (eds) Bryophyte Biology pp. 71–123. Cambridge University Press.
[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student’s Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.
[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. Patagonian and Fuegian mosses. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 63–126. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).
[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.
[OZB-O03] Ochyra, R., J. Żarnowiec & H. Bednarek-Ochyra. 2003. Census Catalogue of Polish Mosses. Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences: Cracow.
[S04] Smith, A. J. E. 2004. The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.