Belongs within: Stromboidea.
Contains: Lambis, Strombus.
The Strombidae are a group of marine herbivorous gastropods characterised by a flared or thickened outer lip on the adult shell, and a sickle-shaped operculum that is used as a lever by the animal when moving (Wilson & Gillett 1971).
Characters (from Wilson & Gillett 1971): Shell bearing a flaring or thickened outer lip when mature, with deep U-shaped notch near anterior end. Columella smooth. Eyes large, located on short branches near end of usually long eye stalks; right eye extended through anterior notch on lip. Operculum long, sharp, sickle-shaped, usually serrated on one side; located on posterior protuberance of foot.
<==Strombidae [Alatidae, Strombeae, Strombia, Strombina, Strombusidae]
|--Canarium Schumacher 1817S11, WG71 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*C. ustulatum Schumacher 1817BR17 [=Strombus ustulatusH09]
| |--C. dentatum (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy)W93
| |--C. erythrinum (Dillwyn 1817) (see below for synonymy)W93
| |--C. fragile (Röding 1798) [=Strombus fragilis; incl. S. bulbulus Sowerby 1842]W93
| |--C. haemastoma (Sowerby 1842) [=Strombus haemastoma]W93
| |--C. helli (Kiener 1843) [=Strombus helli]W93
| |--C. labiatum (Röding 1798) [=Strombus (Canarium) labiatus; incl. S. otiolum Iredale 1931]W93
| | |--C. l. labiatumW93
| | `--C. l. olydium (Duclos 1844) [=Strombus labiatus olydius]W93
| |--C. microurceus (Kira 1959) [=Strombus microurceus]W93
| |--C. mutabile (Swainson 1821)WG71 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--C. m. mutabileBC01
| | `--C. m. ochroglottis (Abbott 1960) [=Strombus (Canarium) mutabilis ochroglottis]BC01
| |--C. terebellatum (Sowerby 1842) [=Strombus terebellatus]W93
| | |--C. t. terebellatumW93
| | `--C. t. afrolabellatum (Abbot 1960) [=Strombus terebellatus afrolabellatus]W93
| |--C. urceus (Linnaeus 1758)S11 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--C. u. urceusBC01
| | `--C. u. orrae (Abbott 1960) [=Strombus (Canarium) urceus orrae]BC01
| `--C. wilsoni (Abbott 1967) [=Strombus wilsoni]W93
`--+--Conomurex Fischer 1884S11, WG71
| |--*C. luhuanus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Strombus luhuanus; incl. S. luguanus Herbst 1788, S. pusillus Anton 1839]W93
| `--C. decorus (Röding 1798) [=Strombus decorus]W93
| |--S. d. decorusBD86
| |--S. d. persicus Swainson 1821BD86
| `--S. d. raybaudi Nicolay & Manoja 1983BD86
`--+--Tricornis Jousseaume 1886S11, WG71 [incl. Lobatus Swainson in Iredale 1921W93]
| |--*T. tricornis [=Strombus tricornis]W93
| |--‘*Lobatus’ bituberculatusW93
| |--T. latissimus (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy)W93
| |--T. oldi (Emerson 1965) [=Strombus (Tricornis) oldi]BC01
| |--T. raninus (Gmelin 1791)S11
| |--T. sinuatus (Humphrey 1786) (see below for synonymy)W93
| `--T. thersites (Swainson 1823) [=Strombus thersites; incl. S. ponderosus Philippi 1842]W93
`--+--LambisS11
`--+--StrombusS11
`--+--Aliger Thiele 1929S11, W93
| |--*A. gallus (Linné 1758)W93, S11
| `--A. costatus (Gmelin 1791)S11
`--Eustrombus Wenz 1940S11, W93
|--*E. gigas (Schröter 1805)W93, S11
|--E. goliath (Schroter 1805)S11
`--E. mayacensis (Tucker & Wilson 1933) [=Strombus (Eustrombus) macayensis]P89
Strombidae incertae sedis:
Pyramis Röding 1798BR05
Laevistrombus Kira 1955WG71
|--*L. canarium (Linnaeus 1758) (see below for synonymy)W93
`--L. guidoi (Man in’t Veld & De Turck 1998)PK11
Dientomochilus stueri Cossmann 1904TTE93
SinustrombusWBS-S15
|--S. latissimus (Linnaeus 1758)WBS-S15
`--S. sinuatus (Lightfoot 1786)WBS-S15
Terestrombus fragilis (Röding 1798)WBS-S15
Tridentarius dentatus (Linnaeus 1758)WBS-S15
Canarium Schumacher 1817S11, WG71 [incl. Canarium Jousseaume 1888 non Schumacher 1817W93, Strombidea Swainson 1840W93; Canariini]
Canarium dentatum (Linnaeus 1758) [=Strombus dentatus; incl. S. samar Dillwyn 1817, S. samarensis Reeve 1851, S. tridentatus Gmelin 1791]W93
Canarium erythrinum (Dillwyn 1817) [=Strombus (Canarium) erythrinus; incl. S. elegans Sowerby 1842, S. haemastoma Sowerby 1853 non Sowerby 1842, S. radians Duclos 1844, S. rubicunda Perry 1811, S. ruppelli Reeve 1850]W93
Canarium mutabile (Swainson 1821)WG71 [=Strombus (Canarium) mutabilis BC01, *C. (sensu Jousseaume) mutabileW93; incl. S. epimellus Duclos 1844W93, S. flammeus Link 1876W93, S. floridus Lamarck 1822W93, S. flosculosus Mörch 1852W93, S. floridus zebriolata Adam & Leloup 1938W93]
Canarium urceus (Linnaeus 1758)S11 [=Strombus urceusBC01, *Strombidea urceusW93; incl. Strombus anatellus Duclos 1844W93, Strombus incisus Wood 1828W93, Strombus ustulatus laevis Dodge 1946 non S. laevis Perry 1811W93, Strombus muricatus Watson 1885W93, Strombus reticulata Link 1807W93]
*Laevistrombus canarium (Linnaeus 1758) [=Strombus canarium; incl. S. gibbus Issel & Canefri 1876, S. isabella Lamarck 1822, S. taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard 1934, S. turturella Röding 1798, S. vanikorensis Quoy & Gaimard 1834]W93
Tricornis latissimus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Strombus latissimus; incl. S. alata Schumacher 1817, S. picta Röding 1798]W93
Tricornis sinuatus (Humphrey 1786) [=Strombus (Tricornis) sinuatus; incl. S. cristatus Lamarck 1822, S. laciniatus Dillwyn 1817, S. palmata Fischer 1807]W93
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BD86] Barash, A., & Z. Danin. 1986. Further additions to the knowledge of Indo-Pacific Mollusca in the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrants). Spixiana 9 (2): 117–141.
[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.
[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.
[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.
[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.
[P89] Petuch, E. J. 1989. New species of Malea (Gastropoda: Tonnidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Florida. Nautilus 103 (3): 92–95.
[PK11] Puillandre, N., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, A. Couloux, C. Meyer, T. Rawlings, J. A. Todd & P. Bouchet. 2011. The dragon tamed? A molecular phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 259–272.
[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.
[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.
[WBS-S15] Willan, R. C., C. Bryce & S. M. Slack-Smith. 2015. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: molluscs. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 287–343.
[W93] Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells vol. 1. Prosobranch Gastropods. Part One. Odyssey Publishing: Kallaroo (Western Australia).
[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.