Belongs within: Tainoceratoidea.
Contains: Metacoceras.
The Tainoceratidae were a large and varied family of nautilids that lived from the Carboniferous to the Triassic. Many of its members were more ornamentated than their contemporaries in other families; almost all late Palaeozoic and Triassic nautiloids with ornamentation of ribs and/or nodes belong to this family. The tainoceratids can be divided between two main lineages. In one, including Metacoceras and its derivatives, the whorls are subquadrate in cross-section with nodes on the ventral or umbilical shoulders. In the other, derived from Pleuronautilus, the main ornamentation is ribs (Kummel 1964).
Characteristics (from Kummel 1964): Conch generally evolute, large; whorls quadrate to rectangular. Suture only slightly sinuous, siphuncle usually near centre.
<==Tainoceratidae [Encoiloceratidae, Gyroceratinae, Gzheloceratidae, Mosquoceratidae, Pleuronautilidae, Pleuronautilinae] |--+--Encoiloceras Hyatt in Zittel 1900K64 | | `--*E. superbum (Mojsisovics 1873) [=Nautilus superbus]K64 | |--Anoploceras Hyatt in Zittel 1900K64 | | `--*A. ampezzanum (Loretz 1875) [=Nautilus ampezzanus]K64 | |--Holconautilus Mojsisovics 1902K64 | | `--*H. semicostatus (Beyrich 1867) [=Nautilus semicostatus]K64 | |--Phaedrysmocheilus Shimanskiy & Erlanger 1955K64 | | `--*P. subaratum (Keyserling 1860) [=Nautilus subaratus]K64 | |--Trachynautilus Mojsisovics 1902 [=Trachinautilus (l. c.)]K64 | | `--*T. subgemmatus (Mojsisovics 1882) [=Pleuronautilus subgemmatus]K64 | |--Tainionautilus Mojsisovics 1902K64 | | `--*T. transitorius (Waagen 1879)K64 [=Nautilus transitoriusK64, Solenoceras transitoriuumH84] | |--Phloioceras Hyatt 1884K64 | | |--*P. gemmatum (Mojsisovics 1873) [=Nautilus gemmatus]K64 | | `--P. welteri Kieslinger 1924K93 | |--Enoploceras Hyatt in Zittel 1900K64 | | |--*E. wulfeni (Mojsisovics 1873)K64 [=Nautilus wulfeniK64, Mojsvaroceras wulfeniH84] | | |--E. ausseeanus Diener 1919K93 | | |--E. lepsiusi Mojsisovics 1902K93 | | `--E. lepsiusiformis Diener 1919K93 | `--Pleuronautilus Mojsisovics 1882 (see below for synonymy)K64 | |--*P. trinodosus Mojsisovics 1882K64 | |--P. fugax [=Nautilus fugax]G31 | |--P. loczyiG31 | |--P. multicostatus Etheridge 1907F71 | |--‘Huanghoceras’ simplicostatumG31 | `--P. sumatrensisG31 `--+--MetacocerasK64 |--Mojsvaroceras Hyatt 1883 [=Mojsisoceras von Zittel 1884]K64 | `--*M. neumayri (Mojsisovics 1882) [=Temnocheilus neumayri]K64 |--Aulametacoceras Miller & Unklesbay 1942K64 | `--*A. mckeei Miller & Unklesbay 1942K64 |--Tirolonautilus Mojsisovics 1902K64 | `--*T. crux (Stache 1877) [=Nautilus crux]K64 |--Cooperoceras Miller 1945K64 | `--*C. texanum Miller 1945K64 |--Thuringionautilus Mojsisovics 1902K64 | `--*T. jugatonodosus (Zimmermann 1892) [=Trematodiscus jugatonodosus]K64 |--Tylonautilus Pringle & Jackson 1928K64 | |--*T. nodiferus (Armstrong 1866) [=Nautilus (Discites) nodiferus]K64 | `--T. ornatissimus (Tzwetaev 1898)K93 |--Germanonautilus Mojsisovics 1902 [=Monilifer Fritsch 1906]K64 | |--*G. bidorsatus (von Schlotheim 1820)K64, KL04 (see below for synonymy) | |--G. breunneriK64 | |--G. dolomiticusKL04 | |--G. kyotanii Nakazawa 1959K93 | |--G. salinarius (Mojsisovics 1882)KL04 | |--G. suevicus Philippi 1898KL04 | `--G. tridorsatus (Böttcher 1938)KL04 `--Tainoceras Hyatt 1883K64, SLE01 [Tainoceratinae] |--*T. quadrangulum (McChesney 1860) [=Nautilus quadrangulus]K64 |--T. changlingpuense Chao 1954SLE01 |--T. clydense Miller & Kemp 1947P68 |--T. mingshanenseG31 |--T. orientale (Kayser 1883)SLE01 |--T. subquadratum Liang in Ding, Xia et al. 1984DX84 |--T. wyomingenseK64 `--T. zhesiense Liang in Ding, Xia et al. 1984DX84 Tainoceratidae incertae sedis: Gzheloceras Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954K64 |--*G. uralense Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954K64 |--G. antiquum Shimanskiy 1967K93 `--G. striatum Shimanskiy 1967K93 Hexagonites Hayasaka 1947K64 `--*H. chechiangensis Hayasaka 1947K64 Hunanoceras Chao 1954K64 `--*H. globosum Chao 1954K64 Parametacoceras Miller & Owen 1934K64 `--*P. bellatulum Miller & Owen 1934K64 Tanchiashanites Chao 1954K64 `--*T. marginalis Chao 1954K64 Celox erratica Shimanskiy 1967K93
*Germanonautilus bidorsatus (von Schlotheim 1820)K64, KL04 [=Nautilus bidorsatusK64, *Monilifer bidorsatusK64, Temnocheilus bidorsatusTMNZ64]
Pleuronautilus Mojsisovics 1882 [incl. Basleonautilus Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954, Huanghoceras Grabau in Yin 1933, Pseudofoordiceras Ruzhentsev & Shimanskiy 1954, Shansinautilus Yabe & Mabuti 1935, Tuangkuanoceras Hayasaka 1947]K64
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[DX84] Ding Y., Xia G., Duan C., Li W., Liu X. & Liang Z. 1984. Study on the early Permian stratigraphy and fauna in Zhesi district, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (Inner Mongolia). Bulletin Tianjin Institure Geol. Min. Res. 10.
[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.
[G31] Grabau, A. W. 1931. The Permian of Mongolia: A report on the Permian fauna of the Jisu Honguer limestone of Mongolia and its relations to the Permian of other parts of the world. American Museum of Natural History: New York.
[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.
[K93] King, A. H. 1993. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 169–188. Chapman & Hall: London.
[KL04] Klug, C., & A. Lehmkuhl. 2004. Soft-tissue attachment structures and taphonomy of the Middle Triassic nautiloid Germanonautilus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (2): 243–258.
[K64] Kummel, B. 1964. Nautiloidea—Nautilida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K383–K457. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.
[P68] Purnell, L. R. 1968. Catalog of the type specimens of invertebrate fossils. Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 262: 1–198.
[SLE01] Sone, M., M. S. Leman & M. Ehino. 2001. Middle Permian cephalopods from central Peninsular Malaysia: implications for faunal migration through the southern Tethys. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19: 805–814.
[TMNZ64] Teichert, C., R. C. Moore & D. E. Nodine Zeller. 1964. Rhyncholites. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K467–K484. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.