Belongs within: Polypodiales.
The Thelypteridaceae are a mostly tropical family of ferns, whose distinguishing features include an indument of transparent needle-like hairs and an absence of blade scales (A. R. Smith). Conspicuous aerophores are often present at the bases of the pinnae (Rothfels et al. 2012).
Characters (from A. R. Smith): Plants terrestrial or on rock (occasionally epiphytic). Stems creeping to erect, scaly at apex. Leaves monomorphic or somewhat dimorphic (to dimorphic). Petiole in cross section with two crescent-shaped vascular bundles at base. Blade pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely more than 2-pinnate (occasionally simple); rachis grooved adaxially or not, grooves not continuous with grooves of next order. Veins free or anastomosing, running to margin, areoles with or without included free veinlets. Indument of transparent, needlelike, hooked, septate, or stellate hairs, or rarely hairs lacking. Sori inframedial to supramedial, occasionally nearly marginal, round or oblong, rarely elongate along veins; indusia reniform or sometimes absent. Spores bilateral, monolete (rarely globose-tetrahedral and trilete), usually with a prominent, crested, echinate, or reticulate perispore. Gametophytes green, cordate, usually hairy or glandular; antheridia 3-celled.
<==Thelypteridaceae
|--+--Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching 1963SP09, B06 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--PhegopterisSP09
| | |--P. hexagonopteraSP09
| | `--P. spectabilisD03
| `--Pseudophegopteris cruciataSP09
`--Thelypteris Schmidel 1762SP09, A61 (see below for synonymy)
| i. s.: T. acuminataN13
| ‘Aspidium’ apicale [=Nephrodium apicale]B78
| T. appendiculata (Presl) Reed 1968I88 (see below for synonymy)
| T. arida (Don) Morton 1959 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. articulata (Houlst. & Moore) Tagawa & Iwats. 1975I88 (see below for synonymy)
| T. asplenioidesJ87
| T. asterothrixJ87
| T. auriculata (Smith) Iwats. 1961 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. aurita (Hooker) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. ciliata (Wallich) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. crinipes (Hooker) Iwats. 1963 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. cylindrothrix (Ros.) Iwats. 1966 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. decussataJ87
| T. erubescens (Wallich) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. esquirolii (Christ) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. falciloba (Hooker) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. flaccida (Blume) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| |--T. f. var. flaccidaT-W89
| `--‘Nephrodium gracilescens’ var. glanduligera [=Lastrea gracilescens var. glanduligera]T-W89
| T. gongylodes (Schkuhr) Allan 1961 (see below for synonymy)A61
| T. hispidulaJ87
| T. imitataJ87
| T. lakhimpurensis (Ros.) Iwats. 1965 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. melanochlaenaL54
| T. nevadensis [incl. Lastrea oregana]H93
| T. normalisL54
| T. ornata (Wallich) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. papilio (Hope) Iwats. 1965 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. papyracea (Bedd.) Reed 1968 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. patensJ87
| T. penangiana (Hooker) Reed 1968 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. phegopteris (Linnaeus) Slosson in Rydberg 1917 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. pseudosanctaL54
| T. puberulaH93
| |--T. p. var. puberulaH93
| `--T. p. var. sonorensisH93
| T. pyrrhorhachis (Kunze) Nayer & Kaur 1974 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. repens (Hope) Ching 1936 (see below for synonymy)I88
| T. resiniferaL54
| T. rudisJ87
| T. sagittataJ87
| T. sanctaJ87
| T. serraJ87
| T. sprengeliiL54
| T. subpubescens (Blume) Iwats. 1965 (see below for synonymy)I88
| ‘Aspidium’ tenerum [=Nephrodium tenerum]B78
| ‘Nephrodium’ thelypterisC06
| T. uliginosa (Kunze) Ching 1936 [=Aspidium uliginosum Kunze 1847]A61
| T. yunkweiensis Ching 1936 [=Pseudophegopteris yunkweiensis (Ching) Ching 1963]I88
|--T. palustrisSP09
| |--T. p. var. palustrisA61
| `--T. p. var. squamigera (Schlecht.) Allan 1961A61 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--+--T. seemanniiSP09
| `--+--T. noveboracensisSP09
| `--+--T. consanguineaSP09
| `--+--T. globuliferaSP09
| `--+--T. gracilisSP09
| |--T. oligocarpaSP09
| `--+--T. linkianaSP09
| `--T. rusticaSP09
`--+--T. limbospermaSP09
`--+--+--T. clypeolutataSP09
| `--T. glandulosaSP09
`--+--+--+--T. abruptaSP09
| | `--T. gemmuliferaSP09
| `--+--T. meniscioidesSP09
| `--T. poiteanaSP09
`--+--T. reticulataSP09
`--+--T. ovataSP09
`--+--T. longissimaSP09
`--+--T. simplexSP09
`--+--T. dentata (Forskål) St. John 1936SP09, I88 (see below for synonymy)
| |--T. d. var. dentataB06
| `--‘Christella’ d. var. himalayensis Punetha & Kholia 1990B06
`--+--T. affineSP09
`--+--T. opulentaSP09
`--T. tylodes (Kunze) Ching 1936SP09, I88 (see below for synonymy)
Thelypteridaceae incertae sedis:
Ampelopteris prolifera (Retzius) Copel. 1947B06 (see below for synonymy)
Amphineuron opulentumBB07
Coryphopteris squamipesRS12, H03
Stegnogramma pozoiYM03
|--S. p. var. pozoiI88
`--S. p. var. mollissima (Fischer) Iwats. 1963 (see below for synonymy)I88
PronephriumB06
|--P. asperumK03
`--P. nudatum (Roxburgh) Holtt. 1972B06 (see below for synonymy)
Cyclosorus (see below for synonymy)RS12
|--C. dargoensis (McCoy) Gill & McWhae 1959 [=Lastraea dargoensis McCoy 1878]GM59
|--C. interruptusP05
`--C. striatusSS04
PneumatopterisH90
|--P. pennigeraH90 (see below for synonymy)
|--P. sogerensisH90
`--P. truncataJG19
ChristellaB06
|--C. hispidulaH90
`--C. parasitica (Linnaeus) Léveillé 1915H90, I88 (see below for synonymy)
GoniopterisRS12
|--G. helveticaS89
|--‘Polypodium’ hillii [incl. Goniopteris ghiesbrechtii]B78
|--G. polypodioidesS89
|--G. stiriacaS89
`--G. urophylla (see below for synonymy)B78
Ampelopteris prolifera (Retzius) Copel. 1947B06 [=Hemionitis prolifera Retzius 1791B06, Goniopteris prolifera (Retzius) Presl 1836I88, Meniscium proliferum (Retzius) Swartz 1806I88, Polypodium proliferum (Retzius) Roxburgh 1844I88]
Christella parasitica (Linnaeus) Léveillé 1915H90, I88 [=Polypodium parasiticum Linnaeus 1753I88, Cyclosorus parasiticus (Linnaeus) Farwell 1931I88, Nephrodium parasiticumI88, Thelypteris parasitica (Linnaeus) Tard. 1938I88]
Cyclosorus [incl. Amblovenatum, Chingia, Christella sect. Pelazoneuron, Menisorus, Mesophlebion, Mesopteris, Plesioneuron, Sphaerostephanos, Steiropteris]RS12
Goniopteris urophylla [=Polypodium urophyllum; incl. G. kennedyi, Meniscium kennedyi, Polypodium kennedyi, Goniopteris lineata]B78
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching 1963SP09, B06 [=Polystichum torresiana Gaud. in Freyc. 1824B06, Thelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Alston 1960I88; incl. Nephrodium setigerumI88, Aspidium tenericauleB78, N. tenericaule (Hooker) Hooker 1862B06, Lastrea tenericaulis (Hooker) Moore 1858I88]
Pneumatopteris pennigeraH90 [=Polypodium pennigerum Forster 1786A61, Aspidium pennigerumC06, Cyclosorus pennigerus (Forster) Cop. 1947H90, A61, Dryopteris pennigera (Forster) Christensen 1905A61, Goniopteris pennigera Smith 1841A61, Nephrodium pennigerum Presl 1825I88, A61, Thelypteris pennigera (Forster) Allan 1961A61]
Pronephrium nudatum (Roxburgh) Holtt. 1972B06 [=Polypodium nudatum Roxburgh 1844B06, Thelypteris nudata (Roxburgh) Morton 1974I88; incl. Nephrodium moulmeinense Bedd. 1883I88, Polypodium multilineatum Wallich ex Hooker 1863I88, Goniopteris multilineata Bedd. 1867B06, Nephrodium multilineatum (Wallich) Bedd. 1892I88, Thelypteris multilineata (Wallich) Morton 1959I88]
Stegnogramma pozoi var. mollissima (Fischer) Iwats. 1963 [=Gymnogramma mollissima Fischer ex Kunze 1850; incl. Gymnogramma totta, Leptogramma totta]I88
Thelypteris Schmidel 1762SP09, A61 [incl. AmauropeltaRS12, Lastrea Bory 1824A61, OreopterisRS12, ParathelypterisRS12, WagneriopterisRS12]
Thelypteris appendiculata (Presl) Reed 1968I88 [=Nephrodium appendiculatum Presl 1851I88, Christella appendiculata (Presl) Holtt. 1976I88, Polypodium appendiculatum (Presl) Bedd. 1868 non Poiret 1804I88; incl. Nephrodium extensum var. microsorum Clarke 1880I88, N. microsorum (Clarke) Bedd. 1883 non Endl. 1833I88, N. molliusculum Bedd. 1892I88, Thelypteris molliuscula (Bedd.) Iwats. 1966I88, N. pubescens Don 1825I88, N. decompositum var. pubescensC06]
Thelypteris arida (Don) Morton 1959 [=Aspidium aridum Don 1825, Christella arida (Don) Holtt. in Nayar & Kaur 1974, Nephrodium aridum (Don) Smith 1841]I88
Thelypteris articulata (Houlst. & Moore) Tagawa & Iwats. 1975I88 [=Nephrodium articulatum Houlst. & Moore 1851I88, Aspidium articulatum Lowe 1857 non Swartz 1801I88, Pronephrium articulatum (Houlst. & Moore) Holtt. 1972I88; incl. Polypodium (Goniopteris) pennigerum var. giganteum Colenso 1882A61, P. (G.) pennigerum var. hamiltonii Colenso 1882A61, Nephrodium glandulosum var. laete-strigosum Clarke 1880I88, Cyclosorus laete-strigosus (Clarke) Ching 1938I88, Thelypteris laete-strigosa (Clarke) Iwats. 1966I88, Polypodium (Goniopteris) subsimilis Colenso 1888A61]
Thelypteris auriculata (Smith) Iwats. 1961 [=Polypodium auriculatum Wallich ex Hooker 1862 nec Linnaeus 1753 nec Raddi 1819 nec Presl 1822, Phegopteris auriculata Smith 1875, Cyclogramma auriculata (Smith) Ching 1963]I88
Thelypteris aurita (Hooker) Ching 1936 [=Gymnogramma aurita Hooker 1854, Leptogramma aurita (Hooker) Bedd. 1883, Pseudophegopteris aurita (Hooker) Ching 1963]I88
Thelypteris ciliata (Wallich) Ching 1936 [=Aspidium ciliatum Wallich ex Bentham 1861, Lastrea calcarata var. ciliata (Wallich) Bedd. 1883, Nephrodium ciliatum (Wallich) Clarke 1880, Trigonospora ciliata (Wallich) Holtt. 1971]I88
Thelypteris crinipes (Hooker) Iwats. 1963 [=Nephrodium crinipes Hooker 1862, Christella crinipes (Hooker) Holtt. in Nayar & Kaur 1974]I88
Thelypteris cylindrothrix (Ros.) Iwats. 1966 [=Dryopteris cylindrothrix Ros. 1913, Christella cylindrothrix (Ros.) Holtt. in Nayar & Kaur 1974, Cyclosorus cylindrothrix (Ros.) Ching 1938; incl. Nephrodium parasiticum var. aureum Clarke 1880, N. molle var. aureum (Clarke) Bedd. 1883]I88
Thelypteris dentata (Forskål) St. John 1936SP09, I88 [=Polypodium dentatum Forskål 1773B06, Christella dentata (Forskål) Brownsey & Jermy 1973B06, Cyclosorus dentatus (Forskål) Ching 1938A61; incl. Aspidium molle Swartz 1806A61, Nephrodium molle Br. 1810A61, Polypodium molleB78, P. nymphale Forst. f. 1786A61, Cyclosorus nymphalis (Forst. f.) Ching 1941A61, Nephrodium procurrens (Mett.) Baker in Hooker 1867I88]
Thelypteris erubescens (Wallich) Ching 1936 [=Polypodium erubescens Wallich ex Hooker 1862, Glaphyropteridopsis erubescens (Wallich) Ching 1963, Phegopteris erubescens (Wallich) Smith 1875]I88
Thelypteris esquirolii (Christ) Ching 1936 [=Dryopteris esquirolii Christ 1907, Pseudocyclosorus esquirolii (Christ) Ching 1963; incl. D. duclouxii Christ 1907, Thelypteris duclouxii (Christ) Ching 1936]I88
Thelypteris falciloba (Hooker) Ching 1936 [=Lastrea falciloba Hooker 1857, Lastrea calcarata var. falciloba (Hooker) Bedd. 1883, Nephrodium falcilobum, Pneumatopteris falciloba (Hooker) Ching 1963; incl. N. falcilobum var. puberula Wallich ex Clarke 1880]I88
Thelypteris flaccida (Blume) Ching 1936 [=Aspidium flaccidum Blume 1828, Lastrea flaccida, Metathelypteris flaccida (Blume) Ching 1963; incl. Lastrea gracilescens, Nephrodium gracilescens]I88
Thelypteris gongylodes (Schkuhr) Allan 1961 [=Aspidium goggilodus Schkuhr 1809, A. goggylodus, Cyclosorus goggilodus Farwell 1931, C. gongylodes Link 1833, Dryopteris gongylodes Kuntze 1891, Polystichum goggilodus Gaud. 1826; incl. Nephrodium inaequilaterum Col. 1888]A61
Thelypteris lakhimpurensis (Ros.) Iwats. 1965 [=Dryopteris lakhimpurensis Ros. 1917, Pronephrium lakhimpurensis (Ros.) Holtt. 1972]I88
Thelypteris ornata (Wallich) Ching 1936 [=Polypodium ornatum Wallich ex Bedd. 1864, Macrothelypteris ornata (Wallich) Ching 1963, Phegopteris ornata]I88
Thelypteris palustris var. squamigera (Schlecht.) Allan 1961A61 [=Aspidium thelypteris var. squamigerum Schlecht. 1825A61, A. squamigerum (Schlecht) Adumb. 1825C49; incl. Polypodium invisum Forster 1786A61, Nephrodium squamulosum Hook. f. 1855A61, N. thelypteris var. squamulosumC06]
Thelypteris papilio (Hope) Iwats. 1965 [=Nephrodium papilio Hope 1899, Christella papilio (Hope) Holtt. in Nayar & Kaur 1974]I88
Thelypteris papyracea (Bedd.) Reed 1968 [=Nephrodium papyraceum Bedd. 1892, Christella papyracea (Bedd.) Holtt. in Nayar & Kaur 1974]I88
Thelypteris penangiana (Hooker) Reed 1968 [=Polypodium penangianum Hooker 1863, Po. lineatum var. penangianum (Hooker) Clarke 1880, Pronephrium penangianum (Hooker) Holtt. 1972; incl. Nephrodium costatum, Polypodium lineatum Wallich ex Hooker 1863]I88
Thelypteris phegopteris (Linnaeus) Slosson in Rydberg 1917 [=Polypodium phegopteris, Phegopteris vulgaris; incl. Ph. connectilis (Michaux) Watt 1870]I88
Thelypteris pyrrhorhachis (Kunze) Nayer & Kaur 1974 [=Polypodium pyrrhorhachis Kunze 1851, Pseudophegopteris pyrrhorhachis (Kunze) Ching 1963; incl. Po. distans var. adnatum Clarke 1880, Thelypteris brunnea Ching 1936, Po. distans Don 1825 non Kaulf. 1824, Phegopteris distans, Po. laete-repens Troft. ex Hope 1899, Po. paludosum Bedd. 1863 non Blume 1829, Thelypteris paludosa Iwats. 1961]I88
Thelypteris repens (Hope) Ching 1936 [=Nephrodium repens Hope 1899; incl. Nephrodium canum Baker 1867 non Thelypteris cana (Smith) Ching 1936, Pseudocyclosorus canus (Baker) Holtt. & Grimes 1979]I88
Thelypteris subpubescens (Blume) Iwats. 1965 [=Aspidium subpubescens Blume 1828, Christella subpubescens (Blume) Holtt. 1976]I88
Thelypteris tylodes (Kunze) Ching 1936SP09, I88 [=Aspidium tylodes Kunze 1851I88, Lastrea ochthodes var. tylodes (Kunze) Bedd. 1883I88, Nephrodium tylodes (Kunze) Hope 1903I88, Pseudocyclosorus tylodes (Kunze) Ching 1963I88; incl. N. prolixumI88]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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