Thoracica

Belongs within: Thecostraca.
Contains: Scalpellomorpha, Lepadiformes, Balanomorpha.

The Thoracica are the barnacles, sessile crustaceans in which the legs have been modified into a filter-feeding fan while the body is armoured with calcareous plates. The Thoracica have been divided into the Pedunculata (goose barnacles, etc.) in which the body is supported by a fleshy peduncle, and Sessilia (acorn barnacles, etc.) in which there is no peduncle between the body and the substrate. However, it seems likely that the Pedunculata is paraphyletic (Martin & Davis 2001). The Verrucomorpha are a group of sessile barnacles in which the plates of the wall and operculum are placed asymmetrically.

<==Thoracica [Lepades]
    |--Pedunculata [Anatiferidae]MD01
    |    |  i. s.: Iblidae [Iblomorpha]BWW93
    |    |           |--IblaMD01
    |    |           |--Illilepas damrowi (Schram 1975) [=Praelepas damrowi]BWW93
    |    |           `--EolepasBWW93
    |    |         Cyprilepas [Cyprilepadidae, Cyprilepadomorpha]BWW93
    |    |           `--C. holmi Wills 1962BWW93
    |    |         Praelepas [Praelepadidae, Praelepadomorpha]BWW93
    |    |           `--P. jaworskii Tschernyschew 1930BWW93
    |    |         Pentalasmis vitreaR41, H04
    |    |         CinarasR41
    |    |         OtionR41
    |    |--ScalpellomorphaMD01
    |    `--LepadiformesH14
    `--SessiliaMD01
         |  i. s.: Tubicinella balaenaeR41, G20
         |         OctomerisR41
         |           |--O. angulosaH04
         |           `--O. sulcataY03
         |--BalanomorphaMD01
         |--BrachylepadomorphaMD01
         |    |--NeobrachylepadidaeMD01
         |    `--BrachylepadidaeBWW93
         |         |--BrachylepasJB12
         |         `--Pycnoleepas tithonica (Withers 1935)BWW93
         `--VerrucomorphaMD01
              |--NeoverrucidaeMD01
              |--Proverruca [Proverrucidae]BWW93
              |    `--P. nodosa (Withers 1935)BWW93
              `--VerrucaGO78 [VerrucidaeMD01]
                   |--V. laevigata (Sowerby 1827)GO78
                   |--V. rectaPP64
                   |--V. stroemia (Müller 1776)C94
                   `--V. withersi Schram & Newman 1980BWW93
Thoracica incertae sedis:
  ConopeaC79
  Octolasmis orthogoniaJ90b
  Alepas minutaBK77
  Euraphia withersiC03
  TetraclitellaC03
    |--T. karandei Ross 1971C03
    `--T. purpurascens [incl. Tetraclita porosa var. viridis]J90b
  ChamaesiphoY03
    |--C. brunneaY03
    |--C. columnaY03
    `--C. tasmanicaY03
  Catomerus polymerusY03, J90a
  Cryptolepas rachianectiW81
  XenobalanusW81
    |--X. globicipitisW81
    `--X. strictusW81
  Austrominius modestusHS01
  Austromegabalanus nigrescensWMJ09
  Pagurolepas Stubbings 1940H14
  Pabulum spathiforme Whyte 1976BWW93

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[C94] Cedhagen, T. 1994. Taxonomy and biology of Hyrrokkin sarcophaga gen. et sp. n., a parasitic foraminiferan (Rosalinidae). Sarsia 79: 65–82.

[C03] Chan, B. K. K. 2003. Studies on Tetraclita squamosa and Tetraclita japonica (Cirripedia: Thoracica) II: Larval morphology and development. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 522–547.

[C79] Crisp, D. J. 1979. Dispersal and re-aggregation in sessile marine invertebrates, particularly barnacles. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 319–327. Academic Press: London.

[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H14] Hosie, A. M. 2014. Review of the stalked barnacle genus Koleolepas (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Koleolepadidae), with new records from Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 29 (1): 1–9.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[J90a] Jones, D. S. 1990a. Occurrence of the barnacle Tesseropora rosea (Krauss) (Thoracica, Balanomorpha, Tetraclitidae) in western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 14 (4): 665–668.

[J90b] Jones, D. S. 1990b. A guide to the shallow-water barnacles (Cirripedia: Lepadomorpha, Balanomorpha) of the Shark Bay area, Western Australia. In: Berry, P. F., S. D. Bradshaw & B. R. Wilson (eds) Research in Shark Bay: Report of the France-Australe Bicentenary Expedition Committee pp. 209–229. Western Australian Museum.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[R41] Reeve, L. 1841. Classification of the Lepades and conchiferous Mollusca. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 9: 72–76.

[W81] Watson, L. 1981. Sea Guide to Whales of the World. Hutchinson: London.

[WMJ09] Wells, F. E., M. Mulligan & D. S. Jones. 2009. Prevention of introduction of species brought into Geraldton Harbour, Western Australia, by the dredge Leonardo da Vinci. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (2): 153–158.

[Y03] Yan, Y. 2003. Larval development of the barnacle Chinochthmalus scutelliformis (Cirripedia: Chthmalidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 513–521.