Belongs within: Emberizoidea.
Contains: Chlorophanes, Hemithraupis, Phrygilus, Nemosia, Saltator, Cyanerpes, Dacnis, Ramphocelus, Tachyphonus, Lanio, Oryzoborus, Sporophila, Conirostrum, Sicalis, Diglossa, Catamenia, Hemispingus, Thlypopsis, Poospiza, Coereba, Geospizini, Tiaris, Loxigilla, Paroaria, Schistochlamys, Tangara, Iridosornis, Anisognathus, Buthraupis.
The Thraupidae, tanagers, are a diverse, mostly Neotropical, group of birds primarily associated by molecular data. In the past, the family has been recognised as an assemblage of mostly brightly coloured, frugivorous or nectarivorous birds; however, more recent phylogenetic analyses have indicated that the clade also includes a number of duller-coloured granivorous forms, while some species previously included in the family have been placed elsewhere.
Distinctive members of the clade include the rosy thrush-tanager Rhodinocichla rosea, a long-billed species with dark upperparts and red or orange underparts (Hilty 2011).
Thraupidae [Coerebidae, Tanagrinae, Thraupinae, Thraupini]
|--+--Sericossypha Lesson 1844AP21, H11
| | `--S. albocristata (Lafresnaye 1843) [=Tanagra (Lamprotes) albocristatus]H11
| `--+--+--ChlorophanesBKB15
| | `--+--Parkerthraustes Remsen 1997BKB15, OB11
| | | `--P. humeralis (Lawrence 1867) [=Pitylus (Caryothraustes) humeralis, Saltator humeralis]OB11
| | `--+--Heterospingus Rdigway 1898BKB15, H11
| | | |--H. rubrifrons (Lawrence 1865) [=Tachyyphonus rubrifrons]H11
| | | `--H. xanthopygius (Sclater 1855) [=Tachyphonus xanthopygius]H11
| | | |--H. x. xanthopygiusH11
| | | `--H. x. berliozi Wetmore 1866H11
| | `--+--HemithraupisBKB15
| | `--Chrysothlypis Berlepsch 1912BKB15, H11
| | `--C. chrysomelas (Sclater & Salvin 1869) [=Tachyphonus chrysomelas]H11
| | |--C. c. chrysomelasH11
| | |--C. c. ocularis Nelson 1912H11
| | `--C. c. titanota Olson 1981H11
| `--+--PhrygilusBKB15
| `--+--+--NemosiaBKB15
| | `--SaltatorBKB15
| `--+--Rhodinocichla Hartlaub 1853BKB15, H11 [Rhodinocichlidae, Rhodinocichlinae]
| | `--R. rosea (Lesson 1832) [=Furnarius roseus]H11
| | |--R. r. roseaH11
| | |--R. r. beebei Phelps & Phelps 1949H11
| | |--R. r. eximia Ridgway 1902H11
| | |--R. r. harterti Hellmayr 1918H11
| | `--R. r. schistacea Ridgway 1878H11
| `--+--Embernagra Lesson 1831BKB15, RJ11
| | |--E. longicauda Strickland 1844RJ11
| | `--E. platensis (Gmelin 1789) [=Emberiza platensis]RJ11
| | |--E. p. platensisRJ11
| | |--E. p. catamarcana Nores 1986RJ11
| | |--E. p. gossei Chubb 1918RJ11
| | `--E. p. olivascens d’Orbigny 1839RJ11
| `--Emberizoides Temminck 1822BKB15, RJ11
| |--E. duidae Chapman 1929RJ11
| |--E. herbicola (Vieillot 1817) [=Sylvia herbicola]RJ11
| | |--E. h. herbicolaRJ11
| | |--E. h. apurensis Gilliard 1940RJ11
| | |--E. h. hypochrondriacus Hellmayr 1906 [incl. E. h. floresae]RJ11
| | |--E. h. lucaris Bangs 1908RJ11
| | `--E. h. sphenurus (Vieillot 1818)RJ11
| `--E. ypiranganus von Ihering & von Ihering 1907 [=E. macrourus ypiranganus]RJ11
`--+--+--+--CyanerpesBKB15
| | `--+--DacnisBKB15
| | `--Tersina Vieillot 1819BKB15, H11 [incl. Procnias Temminck 1820 non Illiger 1811B94; Procniatidae, Tersininae]
| | `--T. viridis (Illiger 1811) [=Hirundo viridis]H11
| | |--T. v. viridisH11
| | |--T. v. grisescens Griscom 1929H11
| | `--T. v. occidentalis (Sclater 1855)H11 [=Procnias occidentalisSS66b]
| `--+--+--Conothraupis Sclater 1880BKB15, H11
| | | |--C. mesoleuca (Berlioz 1939) [=Rhynchothraupis mesoleuca]H11
| | | `--C. speculigera (Gould 1855) [=Schistochlamys speculigera]H11
| | `--+--Volatinia Reichenbach 1840BKB15, RJ11
| | | `--V. jacarina (Linnaeus 1766) [=Tanagra jacarina, Geospiza jacarina]RJ11
| | | |--V. j. jacarinaRJ11
| | | |--V. j. peruviensis (Peale 1848)RJ11
| | | `--V. j. splendens (Vieillot 1817) [incl. V. j. atronitens]RJ11
| | `--+--+--RamphocelusBKB15
| | | `--TachyphonusBKB15
| | `--+--+--Rhodospingus Sharpe 1888BKB15, RJ11
| | | | `--R. cruentus (Lesson 1844) [=Tiaris cruentus]RJ11
| | | `--Coryphospingus Cabanis 1851BKB15, RJ11
| | | |--C. cucullatus (Statius Müller 1776) [=Fringilla cucullata]RJ11
| | | | |--C. c. cucullataRJ11
| | | | |--C. c. fargoi Brodkorb 1938 [incl. C. c. araguira]RJ11
| | | | `--C. c. rubescens (Swainson 1825)RJ11
| | | `--C. pileatus (Wied 1821) [=Fringilla pileata]RJ11
| | | |--C. p. pileatusRJ11
| | | |--C. p. brevicaudus Cory 1916RJ11
| | | `--C. p. rostratus Miller 1947RJ11
| | `--+--LanioBKB15
| | `--+--Trichothraupis Cabanis 1851BKB15, H11
| | | `--T. melanops (Vieillot 1818) [=Muscicapa melanops]H11
| | `--Eucometis Sclater 1856BKB15, H11
| | `--E. penicillata (Spix 1825) [=Tanagra penicillata]H11
| | |--E. p. penicillataH11
| | |--E. p. affinis Berlepsch 1888H11
| | |--E. p. albicollis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837)H11
| | |--E. p. cristata (du Bus de Gisignies 1855)H11
| | |--E. p. pallida Berlepsch 1888H11
| | |--E. p. spodocephalus (Bonaparte 1853)H11
| | `--E. p. stictothorax Berlepsch 1888H11
| `--+--+--OryzoborusBKB15
| | `--SporophilaBKB15
| `--+--ConirostrumBKB15
| `--+--+--SicalisBKB15
| | `--+--Melanodera Bonaparte 1850BKB15, RJ11
| | | |--M. melanodera (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) [=Emberiza melanodera]RJ11
| | | | |--M. m. melanoderaRJ11
| | | | `--M. m. princetoniana (Scott 1900)RJ11
| | | `--M. xanthogramma (Gould & Gray 1839)AP21, RJ11 [=Chlorospiza xanthogrammaRJ11]
| | | |--M. x. xanthogrammaRJ11
| | | `--M. x. barroisi Chapman 1923RJ11
| | `--+--Rowettia Lowe 1923BKB15, RJ11
| | | `--R. goughensis (Clarke 1904) [=Nesospiza goughensis]RJ11
| | `--Nesospiza Cabanis 1873BKB15, RJ11
| | |--N. acunhae Cabanis 1873RJ11
| | | |--N. a. acunhaeRJ11
| | | |--N. a. dunnei Hagen 1952RJ11
| | | `--N. a. fraseri Ryan 2008RJ11
| | |--N. questi Lowe 1923 [=N. acunhae questi]RJ11
| | `--N. wilkinsi Lowe 1923RJ11
| `--+--DiglossaBKB15
| `--+--+--Idiopsar Cassin 1867BKB15, RJ11
| | | `--I. brachyurus Cassin 1867RJ11
| | `--Xenodacnis Cabanis 1873BKB15, H11
| | `--X. parina Cabanis 1873H11
| | |--X. p. parinaH11
| | |--X. p. bella Bond & Meyer de Schauensee 1939H11
| | `--X. p. petersi Bond & Meyer de Schauensee 1939H11
| `--+--CatameniaBKB15
| `--Haplospiza Cabanis 1851BKB15, B94 [Haplospizinae]
| |--H. unicolor Cabanis 1851BKB15, RJ11
| `--+--H. rustica (Tschudi 1844)BKB15, RJ11 [=Phrygilus rusticusRJ11]
| | |--H. r. rusticaRJ11
| | |--H. r. arcana (Wetmore & Phelps 1949)RJ11
| | `--H. r. uniformis Sclater & Salvin 1873 [incl. H. r. barrilesensis]RJ11
| `--Acanthidops Ridgway 1882BKB15, RJ11
| `--A. bairdi Ridgway 1882RJ11
`--+--+--Creurgops Sclater 1858BKB15, H11
| | |--C. dentatus (Sclater & Salvin 1876) [=Malacothraupis dentata]H11
| | `--C. verticalis Sclater 1858H11
| `--+--+--Cnemoscopus Bangs & Penard 1919BKB15, H11
| | | `--C. rubrirostris (Lafresnaye 1840) (see below for synonymy)H11
| | | |--C. r. rubrirostrisH11
| | | `--C. r. chrysogaster (Taczanowski 1875)H11
| | `--Compsospiza Berlepsch 1893BKB15, RJ11
| | |--C. baeri (Oustalet 1904) [=Buarremon baeri, Poospiza baeri]RJ11
| | `--C. garleppi Berlepsch 1893 [=Poospiza garleppi]RJ11
| `--+--HemispingusBKB15
| `--+--ThlypopsisBKB15
| `--+--+--PoospizaBKB15
| | `--Nephelornis Lowery & Tallman 1976BKB15, H11 [Nephelornithinae]
| | `--N. oneilli Lowery & Tallman 1976H11
| `--+--Cypsnagra Lesson 1831BKB15, H11
| | `--C. hirundinacea (Lesson 1831) [=Tanagra hirundinacea]H11
| | |--C. h. hirundinaceaH11
| | `--C. h. pallidigula Hellmayr 1907H11
| `--Donacospiza Cabanis 1851BKB15, RJ11
| `--D. albifrons (Vieillot 1817) [=Sylvia albifrons]RJ11
`--+--+--CoerebaBKB15
| `--+--+--Loxipasser Bryant 1866BKB15, RJ11
| | | `--L. anoxanthus (Gosse 1847) [=Spermophila anoxantha]RJ11
| | `--+--Melanospiza Ridgway 1897BKB15, RJ11
| | | `--M. richardsoni (Cory 1886) [=Loxigilla richardsoni]RJ11
| | `--+--GeospiziniBKB15
| | `--TiarisBKB15
| `--+--Euneornis Fitzinger 1856BKB15, RJ11 [incl. Glossiptila Sclater 1857B94; Euneornithinae, Glossiptilinae]
| | `--E. campestris (Linnaeus 1758) [=Motacilla campestris]RJ11
| `--+--LoxigillaBKB15
| `--Melopyrrha Bonaparte 1853BKB15, RJ11
| `--M. nigra (Linnaeus 1758) [=Loxia nigra]RJ11
| |--M. n. nigraRJ11
| `--M. n. taylori Hartert 1896RJ11
`--+--+--Stephanophorus Strickland 1841BKB15, H11
| | |--*S. caeruleusS41
| | `--S. diadematus (Temminck 1823) [=Tanagra diademata]H11
| `--+--+--Gubernatrix Lesson 1837BKB15, RJ11
| | | `--G. cristata (Vieillot 1817) [=Coccothraustes cristata]RJ11
| | `--+--ParoariaBKB15
| | `--+--SchistochlamysBKB15
| | `--Cissopis Vieillot 1816BKB15, H11 [Cissopinae]
| | |--C. leverianus (Gmelin 1788) [=Lanius leverianus]H11
| | | |--C. l. leverianusH11
| | | `--C. l. major Cabanis 1851H11
| | `--C. mediaSS66a
| `--+--+--Neothraupis Hellmayr 1936BKB15, H11
| | | `--N. fasciata (Lichtenstein 1823) [=Tanagra fasciata]H11
| | `--Lophospingus Cabanis 1878BKB15, RJ11
| | |--L. griseocristatus (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837) [=Emberiza griseocristata]RJ11
| | `--L. pusillus (Burmeister 1860) [=Gubernatrix pusilla]RJ11
| `--Diuca Reichenbach 1850BKB15, RJ11
| |--D. diuca (Molina 1782) [=Fringilla diuca]RJ11
| | |--D. d. diucaRJ11
| | |--D. d. chiloensis Philippi & Peña 1964RJ11
| | |--D. d. crassirostris Hellmayr 1932RJ11
| | `--D. d. minor Bonaparte 1850RJ11
| `--D. speculifera (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837) [=Emberiza speculifera]RJ11
| |--D. s. speculiferaRJ11
| `--D. s. magnirostris Carriker 1935RJ11
`--+--+--TangaraBKB15
| `--Chlorochrysa Bonaparte 1851BKB15, H11
| |--C. phoenicotis (Bonaparte 1851)BKB15, H11 [=Calliste phoenicotisH11]
| `--+--C. calliparaea (Tschudi 1844)BKB15, H11 [=Callospiza calliparaeaH11]
| | |--C. c. calliparaeaH11
| | |--C. c. bourcieri (Bonaparte 1851)H11
| | `--C. c. fulgentissima Chapman 1901H11
| `--C. nitidissima Sclater 1874BKB15, H11
`--+--+--Pipraeidea Swainson 1827BKB15, H11
| | `--P. melanonota (Vieillot 1819) [=Tanagra melanonota]H11
| | |--P. melanonotaH11
| | `--P. m. venezuelensis (Sclater 1857)H11
| `--+--IridosornisBKB15
| `--+--Wetmorethraupis Lowery & O’Neill 1964BKB15, H11
| | `--W. sterrhopteron Lowery & O’Neill 1964H11
| `--Bangsia Penard 1919BKB15, H11
| | i. s.: B. flavovirensAP21
| |--B. arcaei (Sclater & Salvin 1869)BKB15, H11 [=Buthraupis arcaeiH11]
| | |--B. a. arcaeiH11
| | `--B. a. caeruleigularis (Ridgway 1893)H11
| `--+--+--B. aureocincta (Hellmayr 1910)BKB15, H11 [=Buthraupis aureocinctaH11]
| | `--B. edwardsi (Elliot 1865)BKB15, H11 [=Buthraupis edwardsiH11]
| `--+--B. melanochlamys (Hellmayr 1910)BKB15, H11 [=Buthraupis melanochlamysH11]
| `--B. rothschildi (Berlepsch 1897)BKB15, H11 [=Buthraupis rothschildiH11]
`--+--Calochaetes Sclater 1879BKB15, H11
| `--C. coccineus (Sclater 1858) [=Euchaetes coccineus]H11
`--+--+--AnisognathusBKB15
| `--ButhraupisBKB15
`--+--Chlorornis Reichenbach 1850BKB15, H11
| `--C. riefferii (Boissonneau 1840) [=Tanagra riefferii]H11
| |--C. r. riefferiiH11
| |--C. r. bolivianus (Berlepsch 1912)H11
| |--C. r. celatus Zimmer 1947H11
| |--C. r. dilutus Zimmer 1947H11
| `--C. r. elegans (Tschudi 1844)H11
`--+--‘Saltator’ rufiventris d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837BKB15, OB11
`--+--Delothraupis Sclater 1886BKB15, H11
| `--D. castaneoventris (Sclater 1851) (see below for synonymy)H11
`--Dubusia Bonaparte 1850BKB15, H11
`--D. taeniata (Boissonneau 1840) [=Tanagra (Tachyphonus) taeniata]H11
|--D. t. taeniataH11
|--D. t. carrikeri Wetmore 1946H11
`--D. t. stictocephala Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894H11
Thraupidae incertae sedis:
Compsothraupis Richmond 1915H11 [incl. Lamprotes Swainson 1837B94; Lamprotinae]
`--C. loricata (Lichtenstein 1819) [=Tanagra loricata, Sericossypha loricata]H11
Aglaia Swainson 1827B94
`--*A. tatao [=Tanagra tatao]B94
Certhiola luteolaSS66a
Spodiornis Sclater 1866S66
`--*S. jardinii Sclater 1866S66
Orchesticus Cabanis 1851H11
`--O. abeillei (Lesson 1839) [=Pyrrhula abeillei]H11
Cyanicterus Bonaparte 1850H11
`--C. cyanicterus (Vieillot 1819) [=Pyranga cyanicterus]H11
Erythrothlypis Berlepsch 1912H11
`--E. salmoni (Sclater 1886) [=Dacnis salmoni, Chrysothlypis salmoni, Nemosia salmoni]H11
Pseudosaltator rufiventrisAP21
Urothraupis Taczanowski & Berlepsch 1885AP21, H11
`--U. stolzmanni Taczanowski & Berlepsch 1885H11
Charitospiza Oberholser 1905AP21, RJ11
`--C. eucosma Oberholser 1905 [incl. Fringilla ornata (preoc.)]RJ11
Coryphaspiza Gray 1840AP21, RJ11
`--C. melanotis (Temminck 1822) [=Emberizoides melanotis]RJ11
|--C. m. melanotisRJ11
`--C. m. marajoara Sick 1967RJ11
Piezorina Lafresnaye 1843AP21, RJ11 [=PiezorhinaRJ11]
`--P. cinerea (Lafresnaye 1843) [=Guiraca cinerea]RJ11
Xenospingus Cabanis 1867AP21, RJ11
`--X. concolor (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye 1837) [=Sylvia concolor]RJ11
Incaspiza Ridgway 1898AP21, RJ11
|--I. laeta (Salvin 1895) [=Haemophila laeta]RJ11
|--I. ortizi Zimmer 1952RJ11
|--I. personata (Salvin 1895) [=Haemophila personata]RJ11
|--I. pulchra (Sclater 1886) [=Haemophila pulchra]RJ11
`--I. watkinsi Chapman 1925RJ11
Catamblyrhynchus Lafresnaye 1842AP21, B94 [Catamblyrhynchinae]
`--C. diadema Lafresnaye 1842H11
|--C. d. diademaH11
|--C. d. citrinifrons Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1896H11
`--C. d. federalis Phelps & Phelps 1953H11
Cnemoscopus rubrirostris (Lafresnaye 1840) [=Arremon rubrirostris, Chlorospingus rubrirostris, Hemispingus rubrirostris]H11
Delothraupis castaneoventris (Sclater 1851) [=Calliste castaneoventris; incl. D. castaneoventris peruviana]H11
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.
[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[H11] Hilty, S. L. 2011. Family Thraupidae (tanagers). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 46–329. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[OB11] Orenstein, R. I., & D. Brewer. 2011. Family Cardinalidae (cardinals). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 330–427. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[RJ11] Rising, J. D., A. Jaramillo, J. L. Copete, P. G. Ryan & S. C. Madge. 2011. Family Emberizidae (buntings and New World sparrows). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 428–683. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[S66] Sclater, P. L. 1866. Descriptions of six new species of American Oscines. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 320–324.
[SS66a] Sclater, P. L., & O. Salvin. 1866a. Catalogue of birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Uyacali, Eastern Peru, with notes and descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 175–201.
[SS66b] Sclater, P. L., & O. Salvin. 1866b. On some additions to the catalogue of birds collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the River Ucayali. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 566–567.
[S41] Strickland, H. 1841. On some new genera of birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 9: 27–33.