Belongs within: Orthomycotina.
Contains: Trichosporon, Tremella, Bullera, Cuniculitremaceae.
The Tremellomycetes are a clade of fungi including both yeasts and sexual forms producing gelatinous fruiting bodies.
Characters (Adl et al. 2012): Dimorphic fungi; fruiting bodies gelatinous or absent; basidia septate or nonseptate; parenthesomes sacculate or absent.
<==Tremellomycetes
|--Tremellales [Christianseniales, Exidiomycetes, Tremellomycetidae]GT-H04
| | i. s.: Tremellina Bandoni 1986KS01
| | `--T. pyrenophilaKS01
| | Christiansenia Hauerslev 1969HB02, KC01 [Christianseniaceae]
| | `--C. pallidaHB02
| | Dioszegia Zsolt 1957KC01
| | |--D. hungaricaNH03
| | `--+--D. aurantiacaNH03
| | `--D. croceaNH03
| | Ditangifibula Adams 1996LK04, KC01
| | `--D. dikaryotaLK04
| | Syzygospora Martin 1937 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| | Elmerina Bres. 1912 (see below for synonymy)KC01
| | `--E. vespacea (Pers.) Bres. 1912SS16
| | Atractocolax Kirschn., Bauer & Oberw. 1999KC01
| | `--A. pulvinatusKS01
| | ‘Bonia’ Pat. 1892 non Balansa 1890KC01
| | Heteromycophaga Roberts 1997KC01
| | Phragmoxenidium Oberw. 1990 [Phragmoxenidiaceae]KC01
| | Rhynchogastrema Metzler & Oberw. 1989 [Rhynchogastremataceae]KC01
| | Tausonia Babeva 1998KC01
| | Tetragoniomyces Oberw. & Bandoni 1981 [Tetragoniomycetaceae]KC01
| | `--T. uliginosusBB11
| |--TrichosporonWD16
| `--+--+--Holtermannia Sacc. & Traverso 1910GT-H04, KC01 [=Clavariopsis Holterm. 1898 non De Wild. 1895KC01; Holtermanniales]
| | | `--H. corniformisBB11
| | `--Cryptococcus Vuill. 1901BB11, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
| | | i. s.: C. amylolentusWD16
| | | C. flavusKS01
| | | C. skinneriKS01
| | |--C. watticus Guffogg, Thomas-Hall et al. 2004BB11, GT-H04
| | `--+--C. festucosusBB11
| | `--+--C. mycelialisBB11
| | `--C. nyarrowii Thomas-Hall & Watson 2002BB11, T-HW02
| `--+--+--Bulleribasidium oberjochenseBB11
| | `--SirobasidiaceaeKC01
| | | i. s.: Xenolachne Rogers 1947KC01
| | |--Fibulobasidium Bandoni 1979KC01
| | | |--F. murrhardtenseBB11
| | | `--+--F. inconspicuumBB11
| | | `--F. sirobasidioidesBB11
| | `--Sirobasidium Lagerh. & Pat. 1892BB11, KC01
| | |--S. brefeldianumBB11
| | |--S. intermediumBB11
| | `--S. magnumKS01
| `--+--Filobasidiella Kwon-Chung 1976BB11, KC01
| | |--F. depauperataLK04
| | |--‘Cryptococcus’ gattiiBB11
| | `--F. neoformansBB03 [incl. Cryptococcus neoformansKC01]
| |--TremellaceaeKC01
| | | i. s.: Bulleromyces Boekhout & Fonseca 1991KC01
| | | `--B. albusKS01
| | | Dictyotremella Kobayasi 1971KC01
| | | Phyllopta (Fr.) Fr. 1825KC01
| | | Protoradulum Rick 1933KC01
| | | Sirotrema Bandoni 1986KC01
| | | |--S. prvulaBB11
| | | `--S. translucens (Gordon) Bandoni 1986BB11
| | | Tremellostereum Ryvarden 1986KC01
| | | Trimorphomyces Bandoni & Oberw. 1983KC01
| | | `--T. papilionaceus Bandoni & Oberw. 1983BB11
| | | Tsuchiyaea Yamada, Kawas. et al. 1988KC01
| | | `--T. wingfieldiiKS01
| | | Zanchia Rick 1958KC01
| | | Phaeotremella Rea 1912KC01
| | | `--P. pseudofoliaceaZM16
| | | Papiliotrema bandoniiBB11
| | | Auriculibuller fuscusBB11
| | |--TremellaGT-H04
| | `--+--‘Cryptococcus’ laurentiiWD16
| | `--+--‘Cryptococcus’ heveanensisGT-H04
| | `--BulleraGT-H04
| `--CuniculitremaceaeBB11
|--FilobasidialesGT-H04
| |--+--‘Cryptococcus’ himalayensisT-HW02
| | `--Filobasidium Olive 1968GT-H04, KC01
| | |--F. capsuligerumGT-H04
| | `--F. globisporumKS01
| `--+--‘Cryptococcus’ albidusGT-H04
| `--‘Cryptococcus’ vishniaciiGT-H04
`--Cystofilobasidiaceae [Cystofilobasidiales]AS12
| i. s.: ‘Cryptococcus’ aquaticusGT-H04
|--Udeniomyces Nakase & Takem. 1992KC01
|--Cystofilobasidium Oberw. & Bandoni 1983KC01
| |--C. bisporidiiKS01
| |--C. capitatumKS01
| `--C. infirmominiatumHTN02
|--Mrakia Yamada & Komag. 1987KC01
| |--M. frigidaSL02
| `--M. gelidaGT-H04
`--Xanthophyllomyces Golubev 1995 (see below for synonymy)KC01
|--X. dendorousBJ03
`--‘Phaffia’ rhodozymaSM03
Cryptococcus Vuill. 1901BB11, KC01 [incl. Atelosaccharomyces Beurm. & Gougerot 1909KC01, Melanocryptococcus Della Torre & Cif. 1964KC01, Naganishia Goto 1963KC01]
Elmerina Bres. 1912 [=Elmeria Bres. 1912 non Ridl. 1905; incl. Aporpium Bondartsev & Singer 1944; Aporpiaceae]KC01
Syzygospora Martin 1937 [incl. Carcinomyces Oberw. & Bandoni 1982, Heterocephalacria Berthier 1980; Syzygosporaceae]KC01
Xanthophyllomyces Golubev 1995 [incl. Phaffia Mill., Yoney. & Soneda 1976, Rhodomyces Wettst. 1885, Rhodozyma Phaff, Mill. et al. 1972]KC01
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.
[BB11] Bandoni, R. J., & T. Boekhout. 2011. Tremella Persoon (1794). In: Kurtzman, C. P., J. W. Fell & T. Boekhout (eds) The Yeasts: A taxonomic study 5th ed. vol. 3 pp. 1567–1590. Elsevier.
[BB03] Bauer, R., D. Begerow, F. Oberwinkler & L. Marvanová. 2003. Classicula: the teleomorph of Naiadella fluitans. Mycologia 95 (4): 756–764.
[BJ03] Berry, A., D. Janssens, M. Hümbelin, J. P. M. Jore, B. Hoste, I. Cleenwerck, M. Vancanneyt, W. Bretzel, A. F. Mayer, R. Lopez-Ulibarri, B. Shanmugam, J. Swings & L. Pasamontes. 2003. Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov., a zeaxanthin-producing bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 231–238.
[GT-H04] Guffogg, S. P., S. Thomas-Hall, P. Holloway & K. Watson. 2004. A novel psychrotolerant member of hymenomycetous yeasts from Antarctica: Cryptococcus watticus sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 275–277.
[HTN02] Hamamoto, M., V. N. Thanh & T. Nakase. 2002. Bannoa hahajimensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and three related anamorphs, Sporobolomyces bischofiae sp. nov., Sporobolomyces ogasawarensis sp. nov. and Sporobolomyces syzygii sp. nov., yeasts isolated from plants in Japan. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 1023–1032.
[HB02] Hibbett, D. S., & M. Binder. 2002. Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B—Biological Sciences 269: 1963–1969.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[KS01] Kirschner, R., J. P. Sampaio, M. Gadanho, M. Weiß & F. Oberwinkler. 2001. Cuniculitrema polymorpha (Tremellales, gen. nov. and sp. nov.), a heterobasidiomycete vectored by bark beetles, which is the teleomorph of Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 80: 149–161.
[LK04] Lutzoni, F., F. Kauff, C. J. Cox, D. McLaughlin, G. Celio, B. Dentinger, M. Padamsee, D. Hibbett, T. Y. James, E. Baloch, M. Grube, V. Reeb, V. Hofstetter, C. Schoch, A. E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, J. Spatafora, D. Johnson, S. Hambleton, M. Crockett, R. Shoemaker, G.-H. Sung, R. Lücking, T. Lumbsch, K. O’Donnell, M. Binder, P. Diederich, D. Ertz, C. Gueidan, K. Hansen, R. C. Harris, K. Hosaka, Y.-W. Lim, B. Matheny, H. Nishida, D. Pfister, J. Rogers, A. Rossman, I. Schmitt, H. Sipman, J. Stone, J. Sugiyama, R. Yahr & R. Vilgalys. 2004. Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits. American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1446–1480.
[NH03] Nagahama, T., M. Hamamoto, T. Nakase, Y. Takaki & K. Horikoshi. 2003. Cryptococcus surugaensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species from sediment collected on the deep-sea floor of Suruga Bay. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2095–2098.
[SM03] Saldarriaga, J. F., M. L. McEwan, N. M. Fast, F. J. R. Taylor & P. J. Keeling. 2003. Multiple protein phylogenies show that Oxyrrhis marina and Perkinsus marinus are early branches of the dinoflagellate lineage. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 355–365.
[SL02] Schweigkofler, W., K. Lopandic, O. Molnár & H. Prillinger. 2002. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycota with yeast phases using ribosomal DNA sequences and cell wall sugars. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2: 1–17.
[SS16] Sydow, H., & P. Sydow. 1916. Fungi papuani. Die von C. Ledermann in Neu-Guinea gesammelten Pilze. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 246–261.
[T-HW02] Thomas-Hall, S., & K. Watson. 2002. Cryptococcus nyarrowii sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast from Antarctica. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52: 1033–1038.
[WD16] Wrzosek, M., G. Dubiel, M. Gorczak, J. Pawłowska, M. Tischer & S. Bałazy. 2016. New insights on the phylogeny and biology of the fungal ant pathogen Aegeritella. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 133: 1–7.
[ZM16] Zamora, J. C., A. M. Millanes, M. Wedin, V. J. Rico & S. Pérez-Ortega. 2016. Understanding lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes: new taxa and reproductive innovations in Tremella s.l. Mycologia 108 (2): 381–396.