Trichogrammatidae

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Trichogramma, Oligositinae.

The Trichogrammatidae are a group of minute chalcidoid egg parasites characterised by the possession of three-segmented leg tarsi. Members are divided between the Trichogrammatinae, in which the aedeagus has accessory structures such as a phallobase, parameres and volsellar digiti, and Oligositinae, in which the aedeagus is simple and tubular (Naumann 1991).

Characters (from Naumann 1991): Length 0.15–1 mm; not strongly sclerotised, mostly smooth; non-metallic, often pale coloured; genae not posteriorly carinate; antennae shorter than head and thorax, 4—9-segmented, often with a very short funicle and large club; pronotum not conspicuous in dorsal view; mesosoma dorsally sparsely setose; notauli distinct; axillae advanced; mesopleuron not enlarged; fore wing often with long marginal cilia and often with setae of disc arranged in radiating lines; postmarginal vein absent; stigmal vein often short or absent; legs slender; tarsi 3-segmented; fore tibial spur short and straight; fore basitarsus without a strigil comb; cerci not advanced; ovipositor rarely exserted.

<==Trichogrammatidae [Trichogrammatinae]HB13
    |--CeratogrammaCR24
    |    |--C. etienneiHB13
    |    |--C. magnificumMH11
    |    `--C. masneriMH11
    `--+--Poropoea Forster 1851CR24, GM79
       |    |--P. attelaborum Girault 1911GM79
       |    `--P. stollwerckiiRD77
       `--+--+--ParatrichogrammaCR24
          |  `--TrichogrammatiniMH11
          |       |--TrichogrammaCR24
          |       `--TrichogrammatoideaMH11
          |            |--T. bactraeMH11
          |            |--T. eldanaeH91
          |            |--T. nana (Zehntner 1896)GM79
          |            `--T. rara Girault 1925G25
          `--+--Mirufens longicaudaCR24, BS23
             `--OligositinaeCR24
Trichogrammatidae incertae sedis:
  HydrophylitaA71
  Brachygramma Girault 1912G18, GM79
  Neobrachistella Girault 1918G18
    `--*N. livii Girault 1918G18
  Trichogrammatomyia Girault 1916G18, GM79
    `--T. tortricis Girault 1916GM79
  Xenufens Girault 1916G18, GM79
    `--X. ruskini Girault 1916GM79
  Zaga Girault 1911G18, GM79
    `-Z. latipennis Girault 1911GM79
  Lathromeris Forester 1856G18, GM79
    `--L. fidiae (Ashmead 1894)GM79 [incl. L. cicadae Howard 1898G18, GM79]
  Centrobiopsis Girault 1918G18
    `--*C. odonatae (Ashmead 1900)G18, GM79 [=Centrobia odonataeG18]
  Mooa Girault 1930G30
    `--*M. nigrivena Girault 1930G30
  Ittys Girault 1911G18, GM79
    |--I. ceresarum (Ashmead 1888)GM79
    `--I. nympha (Girault 1911)GM79 [=Abbella nymphaG18]
  Uscana Girault 1911HB13, GM79
    |--U. marilandica Girault 1918G18
    `--U. semifumipennis Girault 1911GM79
  LathromerellaB88
    |--L. atripes Girault 1929G29
    `--L. oviducta Girault 1929G29
  Abbella Girault 1911G18, GM79
    |--A. acuminata (Ashmead 1888)G18, GM79 [incl. A. pallida (Ashmead 1900)G18, GM79]
    |--A. americana Girault 1917GM79
    |--A. prima (Perkins 1912)G18, GM79 [incl. A. auriscutellum Girault 1916G18, GM79]
    `--A. subflava Girault 1911GM79
  Neolathromera Ishii 1934TYM08
    `--N. kishidai Ishii 1934TYM08
  AdryasHB13
  Pachamama speciosaHB13
  BrachistaF09
    |--B. efferiaeF09
    |--B. fidiaeF09
    `--B. fisheriF09
  Hydrophylax aquivolansRD77
  Haeckeliania sperataHB13

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[BS23] Blaimer, B. B., B. F. Santos, A. Cruaud, M. W. Gates, R. R. Kula, I. Mikó, J.-Y. Rasplus, D. R. Smith, E. J. Talamas, S. G. Brady & M. L. Buffington. 2023. Key innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera. Nature Communications 14: 1212.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[CR24] Cruaud, A., J.-Y. Rasplus, J. Zhang, R. Burks, G. Delvare, L. Fusu, A. Gumovsky, J. T. Huber, P. Janšta, M.-D. Mitroiu, J. S. Noyes, S. van Noort, A. Baker, J. Böhmová, H. Baur, B. B. Blaimer, S. G. Brady, K. Bubeníková, M. Chartois, R. S. Copeland, N. D.-S. Papilloud, A. D. Molin, C. Dominguez, M. Gebiola, E. Guerrieri, R. L. Kresslein, L. Krogmann, E. Lemmon, E. A. Murray, S. Nidelet, J. L. Nieves-Aldrey, R. K. Perry, R. S. Peters, A. Polaszek, L. Sauné, J. Torréns, S. Triapitsyn, E. V. Tselikh, M. Yoder, A. R. Lemmon, J. B. Woolley & J. M. Heraty. 2024. The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps. Cladistics 40: 34–63.

[F09] Fisher, E. M. 2009. Asilidae (robber flies, assassin flies, moscas cazadoras, moscas ladronas). In: Brown, B. V., A. Borkent, J. M. Cumming, D. M. Wood, N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera vol. 1 pp. 585–632. NRC Research Press: Ottawa.

[G18] Girault, A. A. 1918. North American Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 142–152).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. An essay on when a fly is lovable, the ceremony of baptizing some and unlovely hate. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 187–190).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. New pests from Australia. VI. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 266–269).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VII. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 270–272).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542.

[H91] Hokkanen, H. M. T. 1991. Trap cropping in pest management. Annual Review of Entomology 36: 119–138.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[TYM08] Tennent, W. J., M. Yasuda & K. Morimoto. 2008. Lansania Journal of arachnology and zoology—a rare and obscure Japanese natural history journal. Archives of Natural History 35 (2): 252–280.