Belongs within: Clitellata.
Contains: Phreodrilus, Enchytraeidae, Branchiobdellida, Hirudinea, Trichodrilus, Phallodrilinae.
The Tubificida are a group of small, mostly aquatic oligochaetes that include many of the best-known freshwater worms. Male pores are placed anterior to the female pores (Jamieson 1988). Phylogenetic studies indicate that the parasitic Hirudinomorpha are derived within the tubificidans. Some members of the Tubificidae regularly undergo asexual reproduction with budding producing chains of animals (Jackson 1931).
Characters (Jamieson 1988): One pair of testes followed by one pair of ovaries; male pores anterior to female pores; male ducts penetrating one intersegment. Sperm with no connectives; acrosome very short.
<==Tubificida [Tubificina]J88
| i. s.: Dorydrilus Piguet 1913JD86 [DorydrilidaeJ88]
| |--D. michaelseni Piguet 1913JD86
| |--D. mirabilis Hrabĕ 1936JD86
| `--D. tetrathecus Hrabĕ 1960JD86
| OpistocystaR74 [OpistocystidaeJ88]
| |--O. flagellum (Leidy 1880)R74
| `--O. funiculus Cordero 1948R74
|--PhreodrilidaeRP07
| |--Antarctodrilus proboscidea (Brinkhurst & Fulton 1979)RP07
| |--PhreodrilusP08
| |--Phreodriloides Benham 1907G09
| | `--P. notabilis Benham 1907G09
| |--Astacopsidrilus Goddard 1909G09
| | |--A. edwardi Pinder 2003P08
| | |--A. fusiformis Goddard 1909G09
| | |--A. notabilis Goddard 1909G09
| | `--A. novus Jackson 1931J31
| `--Insulodrilus Brinkhurst 1991P08
| |--*I. lacustris (Benham 1903) [=Phreodrilus lacustris]P08
| |--I. angela Pinder 2008P08
| |--I. bifidusJD12
| |--I. genitalisetifera Martin & Brinkhurst 1994P08
| |--I. litoralis Michaelsen 1903P08
| `--I. martensi Martin & Giani 1995P08
`--+--+--+--EnchytraeidaeRP07
| | `--Propappus Michaelsen 1905D90 [PropappidaeRP07]
| | `--P. volki Michaelsen 1916RP07
| `--+--HirudinomorphaA99
| | |--BranchiobdellidaA99
| | `--HirudineaSS07
| `--Lumbriculidae [Lumbriculata, Lumbriculida, Prospora]JD12
| |--TrichodrilusJD86
| |--Eclipidrilus frigidus Eisen 1881RP07
| |--AgriodrilusB50a
| |--Stylodrilus heringianusJD12
| |--Spelaedrilus Cook 1975JD86
| | `--S. multiporus Cook 1975JD86
| |--Guestphalinus Michaelsen 1933JD86
| | `--G. wiardi Michaelsen 1933JD86
| |--Hrabea Yamaguchi 1936JD86
| | `--H. ogumai Yamaguchi 1936JD86
| |--LumbriculusSS07
| | |--L. hoffmeisteriKA01
| | `--L. variegatus (Mueller 1774)SS07
| |--RhynchelmisRP07
| | |--R. brachycephalisB50b
| | |--R. komarekiB50b
| | `--R. tetratheca (Michaelsen 1920)RP07
| |--Bythonomus Grube 1889JD86
| | |--B. beattiei Cook 1975JD86
| | |--B. lehmanniJ88
| | `--B. sulci Hrabĕ 1934JD86
| `--Lamprodrilus Michaelsen 1901JD86
| |--L. isoporusB50a
| |--L. michaelseniJD86
| | |--L. m. michaelseniJD86
| | `--L. m. carpaticus Botea 1978JD86
| |--L. mrazekiB50a
| |--L. pygmaeusB50a
| `--L. tolliB50a
`--Tubificidae [Naididae]RP07
| i. s.: Tubifex Lamarck 1816 [=Tubifer (l. c.) non Piette 1856]BR05
| |--T. davidis Benham 1907ED08
| |--T. flabellisetosus Hrabĕ 1966JD86
| |--T. ignotusKA01
| |--T. (Psammoryctes) ochridanus [incl. T. (P.) ochridanus f. variabilis]B50b
| |--T. oligosetosusLS02
| `--T. tubifex [=Lumbricus tubifex, Nais tubifex]G20
| Rhyacodrilus Bretscher 1901JD86
| |--R. amphigenusJD86
| |--R. balmensis Juget 1959JD86
| |--R. carsticus Kosel 1980JD86
| |--R. lindbergi Hrabĕ 1963JD86
| |--R. phreaticolaJD86
| |--R. sketi Karaman 1974JD86
| `--R. subterraneus Hrabĕ 1963JD86
| Psammoryctides Hrabĕ 1964JD86
| |--P. hadzii Karaman 1974JD86
| `--P. hrabei Karaman 1971JD86
| Peloscolex Leidy 1851JD86
| |--P. arganoi Pop 1974JD86
| |--P. boitanii Pop 1974JD86
| |--P. cottarellii Pop 1974JD86
| |--P. feroxB50b
| |--P. latensJD86
| |--P. pescei Dumnicka 1981JD86
| |--P. stankovici [incl. P. stankovicia f. littoralis, P. stankovicia f. sublittoralis]B50b
| |--P. tenuisB50b
| `--P. velutinusB50b
| Haber Holmquist 1978JD86
| |--H. monfalconensis Hrabĕ 1966JD86
| |--H. turquini Juget & Lafont 1979JD86
| `--H. zavreli Hrabĕ 1942JD86
| Potamothrix Vejdovsky & Mrazek 1902JD86
| |--P. moldaviensisJD86
| | |--P. m. moldaviensisJD86
| | `--P. m. minimus Pop 1971JD86
| `--P. postojnae Karaman 1974JD86
| Epirodrilus Hrabĕ 1930JD86
| `--E. slovenicus Karaman 1976JD86
| Spirospermoides Dumnicka 1983JD86
| `--*S. stocki Dumnicka 1983JD86
| Krenedrilus Dumnicka 1983JD86
| `--*K. papillatus Dumnicka 1983JD86
| MarcusaedrilusP86
| Smithsonidrilus hummelinckiJD12
| ClitellioJ31
| |--C. abjornseni Michaelsen 1907M07
| `--C. arenariusM07
| Macquaridrilus bennettaeJ88
| LimnodrilusS30
| |--L. hoffmeisteriKA01
| `--L. missionicusCV02
| HeronidrilusJD12
| |--H. gravidus Erséus 1990RP07
| `--H. heronaeJD12
| Heterochaeta costata Claparède 1863RP07
| TubificoidesRP07
| |--T. amplivasatus (Erséus 1975)RP07
| |--T. benediiHF98
| `--T. bermudaeJD12
| Pronaidites Kušta 1888H62
| `--*P. carbonarius Kušta 1888H62
| RhizodrilusM07
| |--R. lacteusM07
| |--R. limosusM07
| `--R. pilosusM07
| LycodrilusM07
| IlyodrilusB50b
| |--I. hammonensisB50b
| |--I. isochaetusB50b
| |--I. ochridanusB50b
| |--I. prespaensisB50b
| `--I. templetoniKA01
| HeterodrilusJD12
| |--H. decipiensJD12
| `--H. devexus Erséus 1997BS17
| NaisJD12
| |--N. christinaeCV02
| |--N. communisPH10
| |--N. elinguis Müller 1774R74
| |--N. obtusa (Gervaise 1838)R74
| |--N. simplexVD-VW14
| |--N. variabilisPH10
| `--N. vermicularisG20
| StylariaD01
| |--S. lacustrisD01
| `--S. proboscidea [=Nais proboscidea]G20
| DeroJ31
| |--D. digitata [=Nais digitata]G20
| |--D. furcataN21
| |--D. lutzi (Michaelsen 1926) [=Schmardaella lutzi; incl. S. hylae Goodchild 1951]R72
| |--D. niveaPH10
| |--D. pectinataPH10
| |--D. roseola Nicholls 1921N21
| |--D. sawayaiPH10
| `--D. vaga [=Aulophorus vagus]N21
| PristinaR73
| |--P. aequisetaPH10
| |--P. longiseta Ehrenberg 1831 [incl. P. leidyi Frank Smith 1896]M07
| |--P. minuta (Stephenson 1914) [=Naidium minutum]R73
| |--P. nunezi Botea 1983JD86
| |--P. orghidani Botea 1983JD86
| |--P. osborni (Walton 1906)R73
| |--P. simaPH10
| |--P. subanillica Botea 1983JD86
| `--P. vinai Botea 1983JD86
| Uncinais uncinataKD02
| AinudrilusPH10
| BranchiuraPH10
| |--B. coccineaLS02
| |--B. pleurothecaED08
| `--B. sowerbyiKA01
| AllonaisPH10
| |--A. paraguayensisPH10
| |--A. pectinataPH10
| `--A. ranauanaPH10
| Bratislavia unidentataPH10
| ChaetogasterPH10
| |--C. diastrophusPH10
| `--C. limnaeiM47
| Pectinodrilus molestusJD12
| Bothrioneurum vejdovskyJD12
| Haemonais laurentii Stephenson 1916R74
| Pomatothrix hammoniensisCV02
|--PhallodrilinaeP86
`--AulodrilinaeP86
|--KaketioP86
|--Thalassodrilides gurwitschiP86, JD12
|--Limnodriloides Pierantoni 1904P86
| `--L. winckelmanni Michaelsen 1914P86
`--AulodrilusPH10
|--A. piguetiPH10
`--A. pluriseta (Piguet 1906)R74
*Type species of generic name indicated
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