Belongs within: Ulvophyceae.
The Ulotrichales are a group of aquatic green algae with a life cycle alternating between multicellular gametophytes and unicellular sporophytes. Gametes are biflagellate whereas zoospores are quadriflagellate. Subgroups include the Monostromataceae which have blade-like thalli comprised of a single layer of cells (Abbott & Hollenberg 1976).
Ulotrichales [Codiolophyceae]
| i. s.: VermiporellaceaeVH01
| | i. s.: ‘Anthracoporella’ bashkirica Kulik 1973VH01
| `--Vermiporella Stolley 1893H75
| `--*V. fragilis Stolley 1893H75
| Microspora Thuret 1850 (nom. cons.)EB03 [MicrosporaceaeA90]
| `--M. amoenaSG05
|--Acrosiphoniaceae [Codiolaceae, Codiolales]S80
| |--AcrosiphoniaL-BC03
| | |--A. arctaDI03
| | |--A. duriusculaKBC03
| | |--A. saxatilisKBC03
| | `--A. sonderiNK03
| |--Urospora Areschoug 1866 (nom. cons.)S80, KC01
| | |--*U. mirabilis Areschoug 1866S80
| | |--U. doliifera (Setchell & Gardner) Doty 1947 [=Hormiscia doliifera Setchell & Gardner 1920]AH76
| | |--U. grandis Kylin 1907 [=Hormiscia grandis]S57
| | |--‘Codiolum’ pusillumS57
| | | |--C. p. f. pusillumS57
| | | `--C. p. f. subsessile Jao 1937S57
| | |--U. sphaerulifera Setchell & Gardner in Gardner 1919 [=Hormiscia sphaerulifera]S57
| | |--U. tetraciliata Frye & Zeller 1915 [=Hormiscia tetraciliata]S57
| | |--U. vancouveriana (Tilden) Setchell & Gardner in Gardner 1919 [=Hormiscia vancouveriana]S57
| | `--U. wormskioldii (Mertens) Rosenvinge 1893AH76 (see below for synonymy)
| `--Hormiscia Fries 1836 (nom. rej.) [=Hormotrichum Kützing 1845; incl. Codiolum Braun 1855 (nom. rej.)]S80
| |--*H. penicilliformis (Roth) Fries 1836S80 (see below for synonymy)
| |--‘Hormotrichium’ bangoides [=Conferva bangoides]G64
| |--‘Hormotrichium’ carmichaelii [=Lyngbya carmichaelii]G64
| |--‘Hormotrichium’ collabens [=Conferva collabens]G64
| |--‘Hormotrichium’ cutleriae [=Lyngbya cutleriae]G64
| |--H. gregaria (Braun) Silva 1980 [=*Codiolum gregarium Braun 1855; incl. H. neglecta Kornmann 1966]S80
| |--‘Hormotrichium’ speciosum [=Lyngbya speciosa]G64
| `--‘Hormotrichium’ youngianumG64
`--+--MonostromataceaeAH76
| |--UlvariaNLS03
| | |--U. obscuraNLS03
| | `--U. splendensL10
| `--Monostroma Thuret 1854L-BC03, AH76
| |--M. fractum Jao 1937S57
| |--M. fuscum (Postels & Ruprecht) Wittrock 1866S57
| | |--M. f. var. fuscumS57
| | |--M. f. var. blyttii (Areschoug) Collins 1903 [=Ulvaria obscura var. blyttii]S57
| | `--M. f. var. splendens (Ruprecht) Rosenvinge 1893S57
| |--M. grevillei (Thuret) Wittrock 1866 [=Enteromorpha grevillei Thuret 1854]AH76
| |--M. oxycoccumPP64
| |--M. oxyspermum (Kützing) Doty 1947 (see below for synonymy)AH76
| `--M. zostericola Tilden 1900 [=Kornmannia zostericola (Tilden) Bliding 1968]AH76
`--+--+--Gloeotilopsis planctonicaL-BC03
| `--Protoderma Kütz. 1854L-BC03, KC01
| `--P. sarcinoideaL-BC03
|--PseudendocloniumL-BC03
| |--P. akinetumGLB04
| |--P. basilienseL-BC03
| `--P. submarinumL10
`--UlotrichaceaeA90
|--Binuclearia tectorumSG05
|--Geminella Turpin 1828A90, KC01
|--Mackiella rotundata Edwards & Lyon 1983EB93
|--Rhynchertia punctata Edwards & Lyon 1983EB93
|--Palaeogeminella folkii Fairchild et al. 1979EB93
`--Ulothrix Kutzing 1833L-BC03, M70
|--U. flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret 1863 [=Conferva flacca Dillwyn 1805]AH76
|--U. laetevirens (Hooker) Collins 1909 [=Bangia laetevirens Hooker 1833]AH76
|--U. pseudoflacca Wille 1901 [incl. U. implexa Kützing 1849]AH76
|--U. tenerrima Kutzing 1843M70
`--U. zonataL-BC03
*Hormiscia penicilliformis (Roth) Fries 1836S80 [=Conferva penicilliformis Roth 1806AH76, Codiolum penicilliforme (Roth) Silva 1957S80, Urospora penicilliformis (Roth) Areschoug 1866AH76; incl. Chaetomorpha catalinae Dawson 1949AH76]
Monostroma oxyspermum (Kützing) Doty 1947 [=Ulva oxyspermum Kützing 1843, Ulvaria oxyspermum (Kützing) Bliding 1968]AH76
Urospora wormskioldii (Mertens) Rosenvinge 1893AH76 [=Converva wormskioldia Mertens in Hornemann 1816S80, Codiolum wormskioldii (Mertens) den Hartog 1959S80, Hormiscia wormskioldiiS57, Hormotrichium wormskioldiiG64]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AH76] Abbott, I. A., & G. J. Hollenberg. 1976. Marine Algae of California. Stanford University Press.
[A90] Archibald, P. A. 1990. Soil algae. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 69–96. John Wiley & Sones: New York.
[DI03] Denboh, T., T. Ichimura, D. Hendrayanti & A. W. Coleman. 2003. Closterium moniliferum-ehrenbergii (Charophyceae, Chlorophyta) species complex viewed from the 1506 group I intron and ITS2 of nuclear rDNA. Journal of Phycology 39: 960–977.
[EB93] Edwards, D., J. G. Baldauf, P. R. Brown, K. J. Dorning, M. Feist, L. T. Gallagher, N. Grambast-Fessard, M. B. Hart, A. J. Powell & R. Riding. 1993. ‘Algae’. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 15–40. Chapman & Hall: London.
[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, T. Laessøe & G. Rambold (eds.) 2003. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 3580–3623. Myconet 9: 91–103.
[G64] Gray, J. E. 1864. Handbook of British Water-weeds or Algae. R. Hardwicke: London.
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[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea Suppl. 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[L10] Levenets, I. R. 2010. Macroalgae of fouling, scallop epibiosis and benthos in the southern Primorye, Sea of Japan. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 208–213. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[L-BC03] López-Bautista, J. M., & R. L. Chapman. 2003. Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2099–2106.
[M70] Meel, L. van. 1970. Etudes limnologiques en Belgique. VI.—Les méandres de la Durme à Hamme (Province de Flandre Orientale). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 46 (13): 1–56.
[NK03] Nedashkovskaya, O. I., S. B. Kim, S. K. Han, A. M. Lysenko, M. Rohde, N. V. Zhukova, E. Falsen, G. M. Frolova, V. V. Mikhailov & K. S. Bae. 2003. Mesonia algae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi (Kütz) Kornm. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1967–1971.
[NLS03] Nelson, T. A., D. J. Lee & B. C. Smith. 2003. Are “green tides” harmful algal blooms? Toxic properties of water-soluble extracts from two bloom-forming macroalgae, Ulva fenestrata and Ulvaria obscura (Ulvophyceae). Journal of Phycology 39: 874–879.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[SG05] Sau, A., & R. K. Gupta. 2005. Algal flora of Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47: 63–86.
[S57] Scagel, R. F. 1957. An annotated list of the marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington (including keys to genera). National Museum of Canada Bulletin 150: 1–289.
[S80] Silva, P. C. 1980. Remarks on algal nomenclature VI. Taxon 29 (1): 121–145.
[VH01] Vachard, D., M. Hauser, R. Martini, L. Zaninetti, A. Matter & T. Peters. 2001. New algae and problematica of algal affinity from the Permian of the Aseelah Unit of the Batain Plain (East Oman). Geobios 34 (4): 375–404.