Belongs within: Lecanoromycetes.
Contains: Umbilicaria section Glabrae, Umbilicaria section Polymorphae, Umbilicaria secton Velleae.
Umbilicaria, rock tripe, is a cosmopolitan genus of saxicolous lichens that derive their name from their attachment to the substrate by a distinct ‘navel’. Spores are generally relatively large in members of the subgenus Gyrophoropsis and smaller in subgenus Gyrophora. However, the species U. depressa has smaller spores than other representatives of subgenus Gyrophoropsis (Frey 1933).
Characters (Frey 1933): Thallus foliaceous, navel simple, thin or often divided into several strands, with the base very firmly attached, upper surface smooth or cracked-areolate, often with scaly or sheet-like attachments or protruding ribs. Apothecia sessile on upper surface, occasionally slightly sunk or pressed, often top-shaped, short-stalked, black. Underside of the thallus smooth and hairless or cracked-areolate, with or without rhizines. Rhizines simple or branched or warty, also often reticulate or pitted and with anastomosing discontinuous ribs. More or less radially arranged bars often extending outward from navel. Thallus layered, upper crust usually solid (exceptionally thin), forming a palisade plectenchyma, paraplectenchyma or an almost amorphous-appearing tissue. Gonidia Cytococcus, usually in a continuous or more or less regularly interrupted zone. Hyphae of gonidial zone loose, rarely fused like the rind. Central mass usually loose, rarely dense; lower crust usually similar to top layer, rhizines mostly similarly textured to underside of thallus. Apothecia always without gonidia, often quite black inside or at least partly dark, hypothecium usually at least brownish, hymenium often with a tendency to split. Spores unicellular and hyaline, or 2- to multicellular (forming a brick-like arrangement), hyaline or partially brown. Pycnidia sunk in thallus, but alwayswith a clear, point-like, black crown, pitcher-shaped or pear-shaped, often quite strongly broadened at the base.
<==Umbilicaria Hoffmann 1789 (nom. cons.)KC01 (see below for synonymy)
|--U. subg. Gyrophora Endlich 1836F33 [=Gyrophora Acharius 1803F33, Gyrophoromyces Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas 1953KC01]
| |--U. sect. GlabraeF33
| |--U. sect. PolymorphaeF33
| `--U. sect. VelleaeF33
`--U. subg. Gyrophoropsis (Elenkin & Sav.) Zahlbr. 1927F33 [=Gyrophoropsis Elenkin & Savicz 1910KC01]
|--U. cinereorufescens (Schaerer) Frey 1931 (see below for synonymy)F33
|--U. crustulosa (Acharius) Frey 1931 (see below for synonymy)F33
| |--U. c. var. crustulosaF33
| `--U. c. var. badiofusca Frey 1933F33
|--U. depressa (Acharius) Duby 1830 (see below for synonymy)F33
|--U. ruebeliana (DR. & Frey) Frey 1931 [=Gyrophora ruebeliana DR. & Frey 1929]F33
| |--U. r. f. ruebelianaF33
| `--U. r. f. rhizinosa Frey 1933F33
`--U. spodochroa (Acharius) Frey 1931 (see below for synonymy)F33
|--U. s. var. spodochroaF33
`--U. s. var. lapponica Frey 1933F33
Umbilicaria incertae sedis:
U. angulataF33
U. antarctica Frey & Lamb 1939 [incl. U. rufidula Hue 1915, *Charcotia rufidula (Hue) Hue 1915]S80
U. aprina Nyl. 1863L56
|--U. a var. aprinaL56
`--U. a. var. halei Llano 1956L56
U. calvescensF33
U. dichroaF33
U. esculentaF33
U. haplocarpaF33
U. krempelhuberiF33
U. mammulataJK06
U. membranaceaF33
U. muehlenbergiiF33
U. nanella Frey & Poelt 1977S03
U. pennsylvanicaF33
U. phaeaF33
U. semitensisF33
U. yunnanaF33
Umbilicaria Hoffmann 1789 (nom. cons.)KC01 [=Umbilicariomyces Cif. & Tomas. 1953KC01; incl. Actinogyra Schol. 1934KC01, Charcotia Hue 1915 (nom. rej.) nec Chevreux 1905 (ICZN) nec Vayssière 1906 (ICZN) nec Peragallo 1921S80, Gyromium Wahlenb. 1812KC01, Llanoa Dodge 1968KC01, Merophora Clem. 1909KC01, Omphalodium Rabenh. 1845 non Meyen & Flot. 1843KC01, Omphalosia Neck. ex Kremp. 1869KC01, Parmophora Choisy 1950 non Desmarest 1859 (ICZN)KC01; Gyrophoraceae]
Umbilicaria cinereorufescens (Schaerer) Frey 1931 [=U. vellea var. spodochroa f. cinereorufescens Schaerer 1850, Gyrophora vellea f. cinereorufescens (Schaerer) Arnold 1878; incl. G. cirrhosa f. mammulata (Acharius) Zahlbr. 1928, G. depressa var. mammulata (Acharius) Arnold 1878, G. vellea var. mammulata (Acharius) Arnold 1878, G. tylorhiza Nylander ex Hue 1886–1887]F33
Umbilicaria crustulosa (Acharius) Frey 1931 [=Gyrophora crustulosa Acharius 1810, G. depressa var. crustulosa (Acharius) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. 1902, G. spodochroa var. crustulosa (Acharius) Arnold 1878, Umbilicaria spodochroa var. crustulosa (Acharius) Nylander 1861; incl. U. vellea var. spodochroa f. abortiva Schaerer 1850, Gyrophora cirrhosa f. abortiva (Schaerer) Zahlbr. 1927, G. vellea f. abortiva (Schaere) Arnold 1850, Umbilicaria vellea var. depressa f. abortiva (Schaerer) Schaerer 1850, G. crustulosa var. eximia Nylander 1875, G. depressa var. spodochroa f. leprosa Schaerer 1818, G. crustulosa f. leprosa (Schaerer) Zahlbr. 1927, G. spodochroa var. crustulosa f. leprosa (Schaerer) Arnold 1878, G. vellea f. leprosa (Schaerer) Zahlbr. 1927, Umbilicaria vellea var. cinereorufescens f. leprosa (Schaerer) Schaerer 1850, U. vellea var. spodochroa f. rupta Schaerer 1850, Gyrophora vellea f. rupta (Schaerer) Arnold 1878, U. vellea var. depressa f. rupta (Schaerer) Schaerer 1850, U. vellerea f. rupta (Schaerer) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. 1902, U. vellea var. depressa f. subpedicellata Schaerer 1850, Gyrophora vellea f. subpedicellata (Schaerer) Zahlbr. 1927, U. vellea var. depressa f. velleiformis Schaerer 1850, G. vellea var. velleiformis (Schaerer) Zahlbr. 1927]F33
Umbilicaria depressa (Acharius) Duby 1830 [=Gyrophora crustulosa var. depressa Acharius 1810, G. cirrhosa var. depressa (Acharius) Anders 1928, G. depressa (Acharius) Rohling 1813, G. spodochroa var. depressa (Acharius) Acharius 1810]F33
Umbilicaria spodochroa (Acharius) Frey 1931 [=Lichen spadochrous Acharius 1798, Gyrophora spodochroa (Acharius) Acharius 1810; incl. Umbilicaria vellea var. cinereorufescens f. aenea Schaerer 1850, G. vellea f. aenea (Schaerer) Arnold 1878, U. cirrhosa Hoffmann 1790, G. cirrhosa (Hoffmann) Wain. 1888]F33
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[F33] Frey, E. 1933. Cladoniaceae (unter Ausschluss der Gattung Cladonia), Umbilicariaceae. In: Die Flechten (Dr. L. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz vol. 9) sect. 4 pt 1. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M. B. H.: Leipzi.
[JK06] James, T. Y., F. Kauff, C. L. Schoch, P. B. Matheny, V. Hofstetter, C. J. Cox, G. Celio, C. Gueidan, E. Fraker, J. Miadlikowska, H. T. Lumbsch, A. Rauhut, V. Reeb, A. E. Arnold, A. Amtoft, J. E. Stajich, K. Hosaka, G.-H. Sung, D. Johnson, B. O’Rourke, M. Crockett, M. Binder, J. M. Curtis, J. C. Slot, Z. Wang, A. W. Wilson, A. Schüßler, J. E. Longcore, K. O’Donnell, S. Mozley-Standridge, D. Porter, P. M. Letcher, M. J. Powell, J. W. Taylor, M. M. White, G. W. Griffith, D. R. Davies, R. A. Humber, J. B. Morton, J. Sugiyama, A. Y. Rossman, J. D. Rogers, D. H. Pfister, D. Hewitt, K. Hansen, S. Hambleton, R. A. Shoemaker, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, R. A. Spotts, M. Serdani, P. W. Crous, K. W. Hughes, K. Matsuura, E. Langer, G. Langer, W. A. Untereiner, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, D. M. Geiser, A. Aptroot, P. Diederich, I. Schmitt, M. Schultz, R. Yahr, D. S. Hibbett, F. Lutzoni, D. J. McLaughlin, J. W. Spatafora & R. Vilgalys. 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443: 818–822.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[L56] Llano, G. A. 1956. New Umbilicariaceae from the Western Hemisphere, with a key to genera. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (6): 183–185.
[S80] Silva, P. C. 1980. Remarks on algal nomenclature VI. Taxon 29 (1): 121–145.
[S03] Sinha, G. P. 2003. Additions to the lichen flora of India from Sikkim. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 221–224.