Unio

Belongs within: Unioninae.

Unio is an Old World genus of freshwater mussels with a generally distinct posterior slope, coarse, looped or broken ridges around the umbo, and the remainder of the shell smooth.

Unio Retzius 1788BK20 (see below for synonymy)
    |--U. (Unio)PB27
    |    |--U. (U.) tumidus Retzius 1788PB27, PC11, BK20 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--+--*U. (U.) pictorum (Linnaeus 1758)BK20, PC11, TW07 (see below for synonymy)
    |       `--U. (U.) crassus Retzius 1788PC11, BK20 (see below for synonymy)
    |            |--U. c. crassus (see below for synonymy)G07
    |            `--U. c. gontieri Bourguignat 1856 (see below for synonymy)G07
    `--U. (Cafferia Simpson 1900)PB27
         |--U. (*C.) caffer Krauss 1848 [incl. U. caffer var. pentheri Sturany 1898]PB27
         |--U. (C.) abyssinicus v. Martens 1866 [=U. habessinicus Heuglin 1868]PB27
         |--U. (C.) africanus Lea 1856 [=U. (C.) caffer var. africanus]PB27
         |--U. (C.) connollyi Pilsbry 1923 [incl. Cafferia caffra obesa Connolly 1925]PB27
         |--U. (C.) dembeae Rossmässler in Sowerby 1865 [=U. dembea Bourguignat 1885]PB27
         |--U. (C.) diminutus Lea 1859 (see below for synonymy)PB27
         |--U. (C.) mandinguorum de Rochebrune 1882 [=Nodularia mandingoensis Kobelt 1909]PB27
         |--U. (C.) mashonae Preston 1910PB27
         `--U. (C.) monceti Bourguignat 1883 [incl. U. monceti var. rubra Germain 1906 non Obliquaria rubra Rafinesque 1820]PB27

Unio incertae sedis:
  U. aeneus Jickeli 1874PB27
  U. aferula Lea 1864 [=Parreysia aferula]PB27
  U. alatusW79
  U. alfierianusPB27
  U. alternata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. ambifarius v. Martens 1897 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) ambifaria]PB27
  U. andersoniUM02
  U. angoniensis Preston 1910PB27
  U. angulata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. asperrimusW79
  U. aterG40
  U. aucklandicusH79
  U. aurata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. bakoyi de Rochebrune 1882 [=Nodularia bakoyi, U. backoyi de Rochbrune 1904]PB27
  U. batavus [=Mya batava, Mysca batava]G40
  U. billottianus Charmes 1885 [=U. billotianus Simpson 1914, Parreysia billotiana]PB27
  U. bonneaudi Eydoux & Souleyet 1838TC89
  U. borellii Ancey 1894 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) borellii]PB27
  U. bridouxi Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. burmanus Blanford 1869TC89
  U. buxeus Lea 1852 [incl. U. pusilla Lea 1840 non Rafinesque 1820]V16
  U. caelatusW79
  U. canadensisW79
  U. cariosusW79
  U. charon Preston 1910PB27
  U. chefneuxi Neuville & Anthony 1906 [=U. (Grandidieria) chefneuxi]PB27
  U. choziensis Preston 1910PB27
  U. circulusW79
  U. coccineusW79
  U. coeruleusTC89
  U. complanatusW79
  U. cornutusW79
  U. corrianusTC89
  U. crassidens Lam. 1819 [incl. U. nigra Rafinesque 1820, Elliptio nigra]V16
  U. crispatus [incl. U. pellislacerti]TC89
  U. cristonensis Meek 1875C77
  U. cyamus Philippi 1851PB27
  U. decampsianus Wattebled 1884 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) decampsiana, U. campsianus Paetel 1890]PB27
  U. decorticata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. difformis Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. divaricatusPB27
  U. dolichorhynchus Tapparone Canefri 1889TC89
  U. dumesnilianus Charmes 1885 [=U. dumesleanus Simpson 1900, Parreysia dumesleana]PB27
  U. duponti de Rochebrune 1882 [=Nodularia duponti]PB27
  U. elegansW79
  U. ellipsiformisW79
  U. ellipsisW79
  U. emini v. Martens 1897 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) emini]PB27
  U. essoensis Chaper 1885 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. euphymus Charmes 1885 [=Parreysia euphyma]PB27
  U. eurysellinus Letourneux in Pallary 1903 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) eurysellina]PB27
  U. exsolescensTC89
  U. famelicusC64
  U. fasciolata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. fayumensis Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. feae Tapparone Canefri 1889TC89
  U. foliaceus (see below for synonymy)TC89
  U. fusca Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. fuscata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. gabonensis Küster 1848 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) gabonensis]PB27
  U. gallinensis Meek 1875C77
  U. generosus [incl. U. generosus var. delapsus Tapparone Canefri 1889]TC89
  U. gianellii Tapparone Canefri 1889 [incl. U. gianellii var. degener Tapparone Canefri 1889]TC89
  U. glansW79
  U. guillemeti Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. hamyanus Bourguignat 1885PB27
  U. hauttecoeuri Bourguignat 1883 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. hermosus Bourguignat 1889PB27
  U. houngdarauicus Tapparone Canefri 1889TC89
  U. hypsiprymnus v. Martens 1897 [=Parreysia hypsiprymnus]PB27
  U. ilqi Soleillet in Bourguignat 1885 [=U. idgi Bourguignat in Simpson 1900, U. ilqui Simpson 1900]PB27
  U. inflataH86
  U. irisW79
  U. jickelii Bourguignat 1883PB27
  U. josseti Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. jouberti Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. juliani Rang 1835 [=Nodularia juliani, U. juliana Schepman 1891, N. julieni Kobelt 1909]PB27
  U. karooensisC69
  U. khomentovskiiZZ88
  U. kirkii Lea 1864 [=Parreysia kirkii]PB27
  U. kunenensis Mousson 1887PB27
  U. laevissimusW79
  U. lamellatusTC89
  U. lavigerianus Bourguignat 1886 [=U. lavigerinus Simpson 1900]PB27
  U. lechaptoisi Ancey 1894 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. ledoulxianus Charmes 1885 [=Nodularia ledoulxiana]PB27
  U. leibiiW79
  U. leioma Benson 1862TC89
  U. liederi v. Martens 1897 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) liederi]PB27
  U. ligamentinusW79
  U. ‘lineata’ Rafinesque 1820 non Gmel. 1792V16
  U. longa Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. maculata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. madagascariensisPB27
  U. malgachensisPB27
  U. mancus Lamarck 1819 [=Turtoniana manca]G07
  U. mandelayensis Theobald 1873 [=U. mandalayanus; incl. U. bhamoensis]TC89
  U. marginalis (see below for synonymy)TC89
  U. marginata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. menardi Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. meneliki Soleillet in Bourguignat 1885PB27
  U. moineti Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. moretonicusP79
  U. mossambicensis Peters in v. Martens 1860 [=Nodularia mossambicensis]PB27
  U. multicolor v. Martens 1897 [=Parreysia multicolor]PB27
  U. multiradiatusW79
  U. mutelaeformis Germain 1906 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. mysticus Bourguignat in Pallary 1903 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) mystica]PB27
  U. nasutusW79
  U. natalensis Lea 1864 [incl. U. vaalensis Chaper 1885, U. (Cafferia) caffer var. vaalensis]PB27
  U. navigioliformisPB27
  U. nickliniana [=Megalonaias nickliniana]USDI77
  U. nigrescens Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. nigrofasciata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. novieboraciW79
  U. nyassaensis Lea 1864 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. obliterata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. obrutscheviZZ88
  U. occidensW79
  U. olivacea Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. oregonensisC64
  U. ovalis [=Mya ovalis; incl. Mya depressa, Mya ovata, Mysca ovata]G40
  U. pallida Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. parmaTC89
  U. parreyssi v. d. Busch in Philippi 1848 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. penitusW79
  U. perplexus [incl. U. perplexus var. perobliquus]W79
  U. phaseolusW79
  U. protensus Tapparone Canefri 1889 (see below for synonymy)TC89
  U. pugio Benson 1862TC89
  U. pulcher Tapparone Canefri 1889 (see below for synonymy)TC89
  U. pusilla Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. pustulatusW79
  U. pustulosusW79
  U. radiatus Lamarck 1819W63
  U. rafinesquei Vanatta 1916 [=U. fuscatus Lea non U. fuscata Rafinesque 1820]V16
  U. rangianusW79
  U. ratidotus Charmes 1885 [=Nodularia ratidota, N. radiata Kobelt 1909, N. radiota Simpson 1900]PB27
  U. rectangularis Tapparone Canefri 1889TC89
  U. rectilinearisPB27
  U. rectus [incl. U. leprosus, U. sageri]W79
  U. rosea Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. rubiginosusW79
  U. ruellani Bourguignat 1883 (see below for synonymy)PB27
  U. schoolcraftiiW79
  U. semiradiata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. sennaariensis Küster 1848PB27
  U. silongweensis Preston 1912 [incl. U. vicinus Preston 1910 non Lea 1856]PB27
  U. sitifensisPB27
  U. smaragdites Benson 1862TC89
  U. soleilleti Bourguignat 1885PB27
  U. spatulatusW79
  U. subamygdalinus Drouet 1895PB27
  U. subovatusW79
  U. subplanatus Simpson 1896SB93
  U. subrotundusW79
  U. swinhoei Adams 1866A66
  U. tawoyensisTC89
  U. teres Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. terminalis Bourguignat 1852 [=Eolymnium terminalis]G07
  U. terraerubrae Meek 1875C77
  U. tigridis Bourguignat 1852 [=Eolymnium tigridis]G07
  U. triangularisW79
  U. tricolor Küster 1848PB27 [=U. marginalis var. tricolorTC89]
  U. undulatusW79
  U. ventricosusW79
  U. vermiculata Rafinesque 1820V16
  U. verreauianus Lea 1856 [=Margaron (Unio) verreauxianus]PB27
  U. verreauxi Charpentier in Küster 1848PB27
  U. vetustus Meek 1860 [incl. U. priscus Meek 1870]W77
  U. vignardi Pallary 1924PB27
  U. vinckei Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. visseri Bourguignat 1886PB27
  U. waikarense Colenso 1845C45
  U. zambesiensis Preston 1905PB27
  U. zeyheri Menke 1848PB27
  U. zonalis Rafinesque 1820V16

Nomen nudum: Unio forscali Parreyss in Simpson 1914PB27

Unio Retzius 1788^BK20 [incl. Crassiana Servain 1882^G07, Eolymnium Prashad 1919^G07, Shadininaia Starobogatov in Zatravkin 1983^G07, Tumidiana Servain 1882^G07, Turtoniana Locard 1889^G07]

Unio essoensis Chaper 1885 [=Nodularia (Caelatura) essoensis; incl. U. (Nodularia) essoensis var. minor Germain 1906 non U. lechaptoisi var. minor v. Martens 1897]^PB27

Unio fayumensis Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927 [=U. schweinfurthi v. Martens 1886 non U. parreyssi var. schweinfurthi v. Martens 1876]^PB27

Unio foliaceus [incl. U. fragilis Nevill 1877 non Rafinesque 1820, U. foliaceus var. fragilis, U. peguensis Antony 1865]^TC89

Unio hauttecoeuri Bourguignat 1883 [=Parreysia hauttecoeuri; incl. U. hauttecoeuri var. castanea Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. hauttecoeuri mut. compressa Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. hauttecoeuri mut. curta Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. duponti Bourguignat 1883 non de Rochebrune 1882, U. edwardsianus Bourguignat 1883, U. hauttecoeuri mut. elongata Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. hauttecoeuri var. fusca Germain 1906 (n. n.) non U. fusca Rafinesque 1820, U. hauttecoeuri mut. globosa Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. grandidieri Bourguignat 1883, U. grantianus Bourguignat 1883, U. hauttecoeuri mut. intermedia Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. hauttecoeuri var. lutescens Germain 1906 (n. n.) non U. gravida var. lutescens, U. hauttecoeuri var. nigra Germain 1906 (n. n.) non U. nigra Rafinesque 1820, U. hauttecoeuri var. ornata Germain 1906, U. postumus de Rochebrune 1904, U. hauttecoeuri mut. subcompressa Germain 1906 (n. n.), U. hauttecoeuri var. viridis Germain 1906 (n. n.) non U. viridis Rafinesque 1820]^PB27

Unio lechaptoisi Ancey 1894 [=Nodularia lechaptoisi; incl. U. lechaptoisi var. minor v. Martens 1897, U. shireensis Preston 1910]^PB27

Unio marginalis [incl. U. marginalis var. bilineata, U. marginalis var. cylindrica, U. groenlandicus, U. marginalis var. obesa, U. marginalis var. subflabellata Tapparone Canefri 1889, U. testudinarius, U. truncatus, U. marginalis var. zonata]^TC89

Unio mutelaeformis Germain 1906 [=Parreysia mutelaeformis; incl. U. mutelaeformis var. chariensis Germain 1906, P. mutelaeformis var. chariensis]^PB27

Unio nyassaensis Lea 1864 [=Parreysia nyassaensis, U. nyassae Sowerby 1866, U. nyassanus Bourguignat 1889, U. nyassensis Sowerby 1868; incl. U. (Nodularia) nyassanus var. hercules Preston 1913, U. nyassaensis var. hercules]^PB27

Unio parreyssi v. d. Busch in Philippi 1848 [=U. parreissii Küster 1848; incl. Nodularia parreyssi var. elongata Longstaff 1914, N. parreyssi var. obliqua Longstaff 1914, N. (Caelatura) parreyssi var. pruneri Bourguignat in Pallary 1909, N. nilotica var. pruneri, Unio parreyssi var. schweinfurthi v. Martens 1876]^PB27

Unio protensus Tapparone Canefri 1889 [incl. U. protensus var. ellipticus Tapparone Canefri 1889, U. protensus var. obtusatus Tapparone Canefri 1889]^TC89

Unio pulcher Tapparone Canefri 1889 [incl. U. pulcher var. lamellatiformis Tapparone Canefri 1889, U. pulcher var. ponderosulus Tapparone Canefri 1889]^TC89

Unio ruellani Bourguignat 1883 [=Parreysia ruellani; incl. U. ruellani var. bayoni Germain 1909, P. ruellani var. bayoni]^PB27

Unio (Cafferia) diminutus Lea 1859 [=U. diminutis; incl. U. gracilis Parreyss in Jickeli 1874, U. gratiosus Parreiss in Küster 1848]^PB27

Unio (Unio) crassus Retzius 1788^{PC11, BK20} [=*Crassiana crassa^BK20; incl. U. littoralis^G40, U. sieversi Drouët 1881^G07, U. stevenianus Drouët 1881^G07]

Unio (Unio) crassus crassus Retzius 1788 [incl. Crassiana cyprinorum (Locard 1882), C. fuscula (Rossmässler 1835), C. irgizlaica (Lindholm 1904), C. musiva (Spengler 1793), C. nana (Lamarck 1819)]^G07

Unio (Unio) crassus gontieri Bourguignat 1856 [incl. Eolymnium (Shadininaia) araxenum (Drouët 1881), E. (S.) byzantinium (Drouët 1879), E. (S.) colchicum (Drouët 1881), Crassiana gregorii (Kobelt 1912), C. irenjensis (Kobelt 1912), Eolymnium (Shadininaia) koutaisianum (Kobelt 1886), Unio mingrelicus Drouët 1881, Crassiana mingrelica, Eolymnium (Shadininaia) raddei (Drouët 1881), C. sobriewskii (Rosen 1925), C. stevenianiformis (Zhadin 1938)]^G07

*Unio (Unio) pictorum (Linnaeus 1758)^{BK20, PC11, TW07} [=Mya pictorum^G40, Mysca pictorum^G40; incl. Unio elongatula^G40, U. limosus (Nilsson 1822)^G07, U. protractus Lindholm 1922^G07, U. rostratus Lamarck 1819^G07]

Unio (Unio) tumidus Retzius 1788^{PB27, PC11, BK20} [=*Tumidiana tumida^BK20, U. tumida^G40; incl. T. conus (Spengler 1793)^G07, T. muelleri (Rossmässler 1838)^G07, Mysca solida^G40]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

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[H79] Haast, J. von. 1879. Geology of the Provinces of Canterbury and Westland, New Zealand. A report comprising the results of official explorations. “Times” Office: Christchurch.

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[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.

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