Belongs within: Neoheterodontei.
Contains: Meretricinae, Gafrarium, Circe, Venerinae, Dosinia, Paphia, Tapes, Marcia.
The Veneridae are a diverse cosmopolitan group of infaunal bivalves whose fossil record extends to the Lower Cretaceous. The foot is large, wedge-shaped and compressed, lacking a groove (Beesley et al. 1998).
Members of the Veneridae are divided between several subfamilies that may be provisionally divided between those with strong surface ornamentation, a weak pallial sinus and reduced or absent anterior lateral hinge teeth (Venerinae, etc.), and those with weak ornamentation, well-developed pallial sinuses and well-developed anterior lateral teeth (Meretricinae, Dosiniinae, etc.) Those with a well-developed pallial sinus are generally deeper burrowers than those in which it is weak (Beesley et al. 1998). Dosiniinae belong in the latter group but retain weak anterior teeth and have lenticular, concentrically striate shells. The Tapetinae have the shell surface somewhat polished, and lack the lateral teeth (Cox et al. 1969).
Characters (from Cox et al. 1969): Lunule and escutcheon usually well developed. Cardinal teeth three in either valve, with 1 and 2b commonly thicker than 3a and 2a; posterior lateral teeth feeble or wanting, anterior laterals present in some groups, absent in others; pallial sinus varying in size and shape.
Veneridae
|--+--+--MeretricinaePC11
| | `--Gemminae [Gemmidae]BRW98
| | |--Gemma gemmaPC11
| | `--ParastarteBRW98
| `--Gafrariinae [Circidae]BRW98
| |--GafrariumPC11
| |--ComusBRW98
| |--CirceT-Q84
| `--GouldiaBRW98
| |--G. (Gouldiopa) australisBRW98
| |--G. cerinaWE63
| |--G. minimaM62 [=Circe minimaC64]
| `--G. pacificaC64
`--+--VenerinaePC11
|--Dosiniinae [Dosiniana, Dosiniidae]M27
| |--DosiniaPC11
| |--*Dosinorbis bilunataM27
| `--PitariaM27
| |--P. prora (Conrad 1837)H09 [=Cytherea proraH09, Dione proraC64]
| `--P. rudisPP64
`--+--RuditapesTW07
| |--R. decussatusT-Q84
| |--R. largilliertiHS01
| `--R. philippinarum (Adams & Reeve 1850)TW07
`--Tapetinae [Tapesiana, Tapetidae]M27
|--PaphiaPC11
|--*Hemitapes rimularis [=Venus rimularis]M27
|--TapesM27
|--MarciaBRW98
|--PsephidiaBRW98
|--Notopaphia Oliver 1923M27
| `--*N. elegans (Deshayes 1854) [=Venerupis elegans]M27
|--Paphirus Finlay 1927M27
| `--*P. largillierti (Philippi 1849)P61 (see below for synonymy)
|--Cyclorismina Marwick 1927M27
| `--*C. woodsi Marwick 1927M27
|--Irona Finlay 1927M27 [=Notirus Finlay 1928P61]
| |--*I. reflexa (Gray 1843)M27 (see below for synonymy)
| `--‘Notirus’ irusBBB-S95
|--CyclorismaM27
| |--*C. carolinensisM27
| `--C. oldhamia [=Cyprimeria oldhami]M27
|--LiocymaBRW98
| |--L. chinensisXZ10
| `--L. fluctuosaGAS03
|--IrusBRW98
| |--I. irus (Linnaeus 1758)TW07 [=Venerupis irusS-S90]
| |--I. mitisT-Q84
| `--I. reflexusHS01
|--Gomphina Moerch 1853M27
| | i. s.: G. undulosa (Lamarck 1818)S-S90
| |--*G. (Gomphina) veneriformis [=Venus veneriformis; incl. V. donacina]M27
| `--G. (Gomphinella Marwick 1927)M27
| |--G. (*G.) maorum Smith 1902M27
| `--G. (G.) neastartoidesM27
|--KatelysiaRK73
| |--K. hiantina (Lamarck 1818)S-S90
| |--K. opimaRK73
| |--K. peroniiBRW98
| |--K. rhytiphoraBRW98
| `--K. scalarinaBRW98
`--VenerupisBRW98
|--V. cordieri [incl. Venus lamellifera]C64
|--V. crenataBRW98
|--V. cylindracea [incl. Petricola subglobosa]C64
|--V. decussatusKC11
|--V. exoticaM54
|--V. galactitesM54
|--V. philippinarumKC11
|--V. reticulata Tenison Woods 1876TW76
`--V. saxatilis (Fleuriau 1802)TW07
Veneridae incertae sedis:
DosiniopsisM27
|--*D. lenticularisM27
`--D. fallaxM27
PullastraM27
|--P. galactitesF27
`--P. rugosa [=Venerupis rugosa]F27
Plurigens Finlay 1930P61
`--*P. phenax Finlay 1930P61
Securella Parker 1949AJH07
DioneC64
|--D. circinata [incl. Callista alternata, Venus guineensis, V. rubra]C64
|--D. pannosa [=Callista pannosa; incl. Cytherea lutea, Ca. rosea var. puella]C64
`--D. unicolor [incl. Chione badia, Cytherea ligula]C64
Clementiinae [Clementiidae]BRW98
|--Compsomyax subdiaphanaBRW98, B56
`--ClementiaC64
|--C. papyracea (Gray 1825)K90 [=Venus papyraceaH09]
`--C. subdiaphana Carpenter 1864C64
PachydesmaC64
|--P. crassatelloides [incl. P. stultorum]C64
`--P. inezanaC64
PsephisC64
|--P. lordi Baird 1863C64
|--P. salmonea Carpenter 1864C64
|--P. tantilla [incl. Venus rhysomia]C64
`--P. tellimyalis Carpenter 1864C64
SamarangiinaeBRW98
|--Samarangia quadrangularisBRW98
`--Granicorium indutum Hedley 1906BRW98, MG-H11 [=Marcia (Granicorium) indutaS-S90]
Sunetta [Sunettidae, Sunettinae]BRW98
|--S. aliciae Adams & Angas 1863S-S90
|--S. contempta Smith 1891S-S90
|--S. perexcavataBRW98
`--S. vaginalisBRW98
Cyclininae [Cyclinidae]BRW98
|--CyclinellaBRW98
`--CyclinaXZ10
|--C. sinensis (Gmelin 1791)XZ10
`--C. subquadrataC64*Irona reflexa (Gray 1843)M27 [=Venerupis reflexaM27, *Notirus reflexusP61; incl. V. siliqua Deshayes 1854M27, Pullastra siliquaM27]
*Kuia vellicata (Hutton 1873) [=Chione vellicata, Ch. (Ventricoloidea) vellicata; incl. Cytherea (Circomphalus) chariessa Suter 1917]M27
*Paphirus largillierti (Philippi 1849)P61 [=Venus largilliertiM27; incl. V. intermedia Quoy & Gaimard 1835 (preoc.)M27]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[BRW98] Beesley, P. L., G. J. B. Ross & A. Wells (eds) 1998. Fauna of Australia vol. 5. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Part A. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.
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[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.
[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.
[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[PC11] Plazzi, F., A. Ceregato, M. Taviani & M. Passamonti. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of bivalve mollusks: ancient radiations and divergences as revealed by mitochondrial genes. PLoS One 6 (11): e27147.
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[RK73] Ranade, M. R., & C. V. Kulkarni. 1973. Observations on the behaviour of clams in waters of low salinity. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 616–634.
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