Belongs within: Sar.
Contains: Verneuilinoidinae, Gaudryina.
The Verneuilinoidea are a group of agglutinated foraminiferans with a high trochospiral test in at least the early part of development (Kaminski 2014).
Characters (Kaminski 2014): Test high trochospiral throughout or only in initial part, later part may have an increased or decreased number of chambers per whorl or may become uniserial or cyclical; wall simple; aperture basal at least initially, later may become terminal, single or multiple, occasionally with inner apertural structures.
<==Verneuilinoidea [Verneuilinacea, Verneuilinida, Verneuilinina]K14
|--Verneuilinidae [Barbourinellidae, Reophacellidae]K14
| |--VerneuilinoidinaeM13
| |--VerneuilininaeM13
| | |--Pseudospiroplectinata Gorbenko 1957LT64a
| | | `--*P. plana Gorbenko 1957LT64a
| | |--GaudryinaK14
| | |--Latentoverneuilina Loeblich & Tappan 1985K14
| | |--Paramigros Adb-Elsahfy & Ibrahim 1990K14
| | |--Pseudogaudryinella Cushman 1936K14
| | | `--*P. capitosa (Cushman 1933) [=Gaudryinella capitosa, Tritaxia capitosa]LT64a
| | |--Siphogaudryina Cushman 1935K14
| | | `--*S. stephensoni (Cushman 1928) [=Guadryina (*Siphogaudryina) stephensoni]LT64a
| | |--Verneuilina d’Orbigny 1839C40, K14 [=Verneolina (l. c.)LT64a, Verneulina (l. c.)LT64a]
| | | |--*V. tricarinata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839LT64a
| | | |--V. advenaLT64a
| | | |--V. agalarovaeBL79
| | | |--V. polystrophaC40
| | | `--V. pyramidataBL79
| | `--Gaudryinella Plummer 1931C40
| | `--*G. delrioensis Plummer 1931LT64a
| |--Pseudoreophax Geroch 1961LT64a [PseudoreophaxinaeM13]
| | `--*P. cisovnicensis Geroch 1961LT64a
| |--ReophacellinaeM13
| | |--Falsogaudryinella Bartenstein 1977M13, K14
| | |--Reophacella Kaptarenko-Chernousova 1956LT64a
| | | `--*R. compressa Kaptarenko-Chernousova 1956LT64a
| | `--Uvigerinammina Majzon 1943M13, LT64a
| | |--U. jankoi Majzon 1943LT64a
| | |--U. manitobensisLT64a
| | `--U. parri (Cushman 1936) [=Verneuilina parri]HSA97
| |--Caronia Brönnimann, Whittaker & Zaninetti 1992 [Caroniinae]K14
| |--Spiroplectinatinae [Spiroplectininae]K14
| | |--Spiroplectinata Cushman 1927C40 [=Spiroplectina Cushman 1927 non Schubert 1902LT64a]
| | | |--*S. annectens (Parker & Jones 1863) [=Textularia annectens, *Spiroplectina annectens]LT64a
| | | |--S. mollis [=Pseudogaudryinella mollis]LT64a
| | | `--S. pseudoserrata [=Gaudryinella pseudoserrata]LT64a
| | |--Belorussiella Akimets 1958K14
| | | `--*B. bolivinaeformis Akimets 1958LT64a
| | |--Gaudryinoides Geodakchan 1969K14
| | `--Spiroplectina Schubert 1902 (n. d.)K14
| `--BarbourinellinaeK14
| |--Barbourinella Bermúdez 1940 [=Barbourina Bermúdez 1939 non Amaral 1924]LT64a
| | `--*B. atlantica (Bermúdez 1939) [=*Barbourina atlantica]LT64a
| |--Bermudezina Cushman 1937K14
| | `--*B. cubensis (Palmer & Bermúdez 1936) [=Heterostomella cubensis]LT64a
| `--Heterostomella Reuss 1866K14
| |--*H. rugosa (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Sagrina rugosa]LT64a
| `--H. foveolataC40
|--Piallina Rettori & Zaninetti 1993 [Piallinidae]K14
|--PlectoverneuilinellidaeM13
|--ProlixoplectidaeSM22
| |--Riyadhella Redmond 1965HW93
| |--Arenogaudryina Podobina 1975K14
| |--Convallina McNeil 1997K14
| |--Danubina Neagu 1997K14
| |--Eggerelloides Haynes 1973K14
| | `--E. scaberPHT13
| |--Eobigenerina Cetean, Setoyama et al. 2008K14
| |--Eomarssonella Levina 1972K14
| |--Gerochammina Neagu 1990K14
| |--Karrerulina Finlay 1940K14
| | |--K. conversa (Grzybowski 1901)H03 (see below for synonymy)
| | `--K. coniformis (Grzybowski 1898) [=Gaudryina coniformis; incl. Eggerella matsunoi Takayanagi in Scott 2000]H03
| |--Magnesoina Patterson 1987K14
| |--Neaguammina Kaminski, Holbourn & Geroch 1997K14
| |--Orientalia Bykova 1947K14
| | `--*O. exilis Bykova 1947LT64
| |--Plectina Marsson 1878K14
| | |--*P. ruthenica (Reuss 1851) [=Gaudryina ruthenica]LT64a
| | `--P. nipponica Asano 1951H03
| |--Praedorothia Desai & Banner 1987K14
| |--Protomarssonella Desai & Banner 1987K14
| |--Rectoprotomarssonella Kaminski, Bubík & Cetean 2008K14
| |--Verneuilinella Tairov 1956K14
| | `--*V. azerbaidjanica Tairov 1956 [=Gravellina azerbaidjanica]LT64a
| `--Prolixoplecta Loeblich & Tappan 1985K14 [ProlixoplectinaeM13]
|--ConotrochamminidaeK14
| |--Conotrochammina Finlay 1940LT64a
| | `--*C. whangaia Finlay 1940LT64a
| `--Conotrochamminoides Zheng 2001K14
`--TritaxiidaeK14
|--Tritaxia Reuss 1860HW93 [incl. Siphonclavulina Silvestri 1948LT64a, Tritaxiopsis Rzehak 1895LT64a]
| |--*T. tricarinata (Reuss 1844) [=Textularia tricarinata; incl. Verneuilina dubia Reuss 1851]LT64a
| |--T. compressa [=Clavulina compressa]LT64a
| |--T. cubana [=Gaudryinella cubana]LT64a
| |--T. pleurostoma (Rzehak 1895) [=*Tritaxiopsis pleurostoma]LT64a
| |--T. pyramidataC40
| `--T. trigona (Silvestri 1948) [=*Siphonclavulina trigona]LT64a
`--Bitaxia Plotnikova 1978K14
Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski 1901)H03 [=Gaudryina conversaH03; incl. G. apicularis Cushman 1911H03, Karreriella apicularisLT64, *Karrerulina apicularisLT64]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BL79] Basov, V. A., B. G. Lopatin, I. S. Gramberg, A. I. Danjushevskaya, V. Ya. Kaban’kov, V. M. Lazurkin & D. K. Patrunov. 1979. Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy near Galicia Bank. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 47: 683–717.
[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).
[HSA97] Haig, D. W., M. Smith & M. C. Apthorpe. 1997. Middle Eocene Foraminifera from the type Giralia Calcarenite, Gascoyne Platform, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa 21: 229–245.
[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene-Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.
[HW93] Hart, M. B., & C. L. Williams. 1993. Protozoa. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 43–70. Chapman & Hall: London.
[K14] Kaminski, M. A. 2014. The year 2010 classification of the agglutinated Foraminifera. Micropaleontology 60 (1): 89–108.
[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.
[M13] Mikhalevich, V. I. 2013. New insight into the systematics and evolution of the Foraminifera. Micropaleontology 59 (6): 493–527.
[PHT13] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann & J. Tyszka. 2013. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropalaeontology 100: 1–10.
[SM22] Sierra, R., F. Mauffrey, J. Cruz, M. Holzmann, A. J. Gooday, X. Maurer-Alcalá, R. Thakur, M. Greco, A. K. M. Weiner, L. A. Katz & J. Pawlowski. 2022. Taxon-rich transcriptomics supports higher-level phylogeny and major evolutionary trends in Foraminifera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 174: 107546.