Belongs within: Tetraphytae.
Contains: Chlamydomonadaceae, Haematococcus.
The Volvocales are a group of solitary or colonial, biflagellate, unicellular green algae. The classification of its members is currently in flux; many historical subgroups are now recognised as artificial. The Dunaliellina include solitary cells lacking a rigid cell wall (though a distinct surface coat is present) or contractile vacuoles (Melkonian & Preisig 2002).
<==Volvocales [Chlamydomonadina, Phytomonadida, Polyblepharidaceae, Polyblepharidae, Volvocida, Volvocineae]
|--+--Elakatothrix viridisM12
| `--+--Spermatozopsis Korshikov 1913M12, MP02
| | |--S. exsultansM12
| | `--S. similisMS95
| `--+--Ankyra judayiM12
| `--Sphaeroplea robustaM12
`--+--Carteriidae [Carteriaceae]MP02
| |--Pseudocarteria Ettl 1958MP02
| | `--P. pallidaMP02
| `--Carteria Diesing 1866M12, MP02
| |--C. klebsiiMP02
| |--C. olivieriM12
| `--C. subcordiformisPP64
`--+--ChlamydomonadaceaeM12
`--+--‘Carteria’ radiosaM12
`--+--+--‘Chlamydomonas’ moewusiiTB03
| `--+--‘Chlamydomonas’ noctigamaM12
| `--‘Chlamydomonas’ parkeaeM12
`--+--+--‘Chlamydomonas’ chlamydogamaM12
| `--+--‘Chlamydomonas’ monadinaM12
| `--‘Chlamydomonas’ uva-marisM12
`--+--+--+--‘Pleurastrum’ insigneMS95
| | `--CharaciumMS95
| | |--C. saccatumMS95
| | `--C. vacuolatumMS95
| `--DunaliellinaMP02
| |--Asteromonas Artari 1913MS95, EB93 [Astermonadaceae, Astermonadidae]
| | `--A. gracilisMS95 [=Stephanoptera gracilis (Artari) Smith 1933S57]
| `--Dunaliella Teodoresco 1905M12, MP02 [Dunaliellaceae, Dunaliellidae]
| |--*D. salina (Dunal) Teodoresco 1905S80, S57 [=Haematococcus salinus Dunal 1838S80]
| |--D. acidophilaPHK96
| |--D. parvaSG99
| |--D. primolectaPHK96
| |--D. tertiolectaYB03
| `--D. viridisFEF04
`--+--+--‘Chlamydomonas’ applanataM12
| `--‘Chlamydomonas’ pulsatillaM12
`--Stephanosphaeridae [Haematococcaceae, Stephanosphaeraceae]MP02
| i. s.: Chlorogonium Ehrenberg 1835MP02
| |--C. elongatumGLB04
| `--C. euchlorumMP02
|--HaematococcusM12
`--+--Stephanosphaera Cohn 1852M12, MP02
| `--S. pluvialisG64
|--Protosiphon [Protosiphonaceae]M12
| `--P. botryoidesL-BC03
`--GongrosiraL-BC03
|--G. clavata [incl. Vaucheria multicapsularis]G64
`--G. papuasicaL-BC03
Volvocales incertae sedis:
Phacotidae [Phacotaceae]MP02
|--Chlamydoblepharis Francé 1894MP02
| `--C. brunneaMP02
|--Dysmorphococcus Takeda 1916 [incl. Chlorothoracus]MP02
| `--D. variabilisMP02
|--Phacotus Perty 1852MP02
| `--P. lenticularis [incl. P. lendneri]MP02
`--Pteromonas Seligo 1887MP02
|--P. angulosa [incl. P. alata]MP02
`--P. rectangularis Lemmermann 1900M70
Hafniomonas Ettl & Moestrup 1980MP02
`--H. reticulata [=Pyramimonas reticulata]MP02
Apiochlamys Pascher 1930MP02
`--A. obliquaMP02
Basichlamys Skuja 1956MP02
`--B. sacculifera [=Gonium sacculiferum]MP02
Cephalomonas Higinbotham 1942MP02
`--C. granulataMP02
Chlainomonas Christen 1959MP02
`--C. ovalisMP02
Chlamydonephris Ettl & Ettl 1959MP02
`--C. pomiformis [=Chlamydomonas pomiformis]MP02
Chlorobrachis Korshikov 1925MP02
`--C. gracillimaMP02
Chloronephris Pascher & Jahoda 1928MP02
`--C. pigraMP02
Coccomonas Stein 1878MP02
`--C. orbicularisMP02
Costatochloris Ettl & Ettl 1959MP02
`--C. quadricostata [=Carteria quadricostata]MP02
Dangeardinella Pascher 1930MP02
`--D. saltathrixMP02
Delphinomonas Iyengar in Iyengar & Desikachary 1976MP02
`--D. hemisphaericaMP02
Fortiella Pascher 1927MP02
`--F. brunneaMP02
Fortiellopsis Iyengar in Iyengar & Desikachary 1976MP02
`--F. madraspatensisMP02
Furcilla Stokes 1890MP02
`--F. lobosaMP02
Gigantochloris Pascher 1927MP02
`--G. permaximaMP02
Granulochloris Pascher & Jahoda 1928MP02
`--G. seriataMP02
Hemitoma Skua 1939 non Swainson 1840 (ICZN)MP02
`--H. maeandrocystisMP02
Hyaliella Pascher 1931MP02
`--H. polytomoidesMP02
Hyalobrachion Swindell 1939MP02
`--H. omphalotusMP02
Hyalogonium Pascher 1927MP02
`--H. acusMP02
Iyengariomonas Desikachary 1965MP02
`--I. loligo [=Pteromonas loligo]MP02
Jolyella Ruinen 1938MP02
`--J. indicaMP02
Korschikoffia Pascher 1927MP02
Lundiella Sarma & Shyam 1974MP02
`--L. indicaMP02
Melomonas Iyengar in Iyengar & Desikachary 1976MP02
`--M. hemisphaericaMP02
Oltmannsiella Zimmermann 1930MP02
`--O. lineataMP02
Papenfussiomonas Desikachary 1971MP02
`--P. cordata [=Dunaliella cordata]MP02
Pascherina Silva 1959 [incl. Pascheriella]MP02
`--P. tetras [=Pascheriella tetras]MP02
Pedinopera Pascher 1925MP02
`--P. rugulosa [=Carteria rugulosa]MP02
Pedinoperopsis Korshikov 1938MP02
`--P. gracilisMP02
Peterfiella Gerloff 1940MP02
`--P. alata [=Chlamydomonas alata]MP02
Phyllariochloris Pascher & Jahoda 1928 [=Phyllomonas Korshikov 1925 non Klebs 1892]MP02
`--P. phacoides [=Phyllomonas phacoides; incl. Phyllomonas torta]MP02
Phyllocardium Korshikov 1927MP02
`--P. complanatumMP02
Platella Proskina-Lavrenko 1945MP02
`--P. mirabilisMP02
Provasoliella Loeblich 1967MP02
`--P. ovata [=Carteria ovata]MP02
Pyramichlamys Ettl & Ettl 1959MP02
`--P. quadrangulata [=Carteria quadrangulata]MP02
Tetrachloris Pascher & Jahoda 1928 non Pascher 1925 [BCN] [=Quadrichloris Fott 1959]MP02
`--T. carterioides [=Quadrichloris carterioides]MP02
‘Raciborskiella’ Wislouch 1924 nec von Höhnel 1909 nec Spegazzini 1919MP02
`--R. salinaMP02
Selenochloris Pascher 1927MP02
`--S. lobata [=Chloroceras lobatum]MP02
Sphenochloris Pascher 1922MP02
Spirogonium Pascher 1927MP02
`--S. chlorogonioides [=Carteria chlorogonioides]MP02
Tetrablepharis Senn ex Wille in Engler & Prantl 1911MP02
`--T. globulus [=Tetramitus globulus]MP02
Tetratoma Bütschli 1883–1887MP02
`--T. archeriiMP02
Thoracomonas Korshikov 1925MP02
`--T. irregularisMP02
Tingitanella Bourrelly & Gayral 1950MP02
`--T. pasqualiniiMP02
Tussetia Pascher 1927MP02
`--T. polytomoidesMP02
Ulochloris Pascher 1916MP02
`--U. oscillansMP02
Wislouchiella Skvortzov 1925MP02
`--W. planctonicaMP02
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[FEF04] Finlay, B. J., G. F. Esteban & T. Fenchel. 2004. Protist diversity is different? Protist 155: 15–22.
[G64] Gray, J. E. 1864. Handbook of British Water-weeds or Algae. R. Hardwicke: London.
[GLB04] Gray, M. W., B. F. Lang & G. Burger. 2004. Mitochondria of protists. Annual Review of Genetics 38: 477–524.
[L-BC03] López-Bautista, J. M., & R. L. Chapman. 2003. Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2099–2106.
[M12] Marin, B. 2012. Nested in the Chlorellales or independent class? Phylogeny and classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses of complete nuclear and plastid-encoded rRNA operons. Protist 163 (5): 778–805.
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[MP02] Melkonian, M., & H. R. Preisig. 2002. Order Volvocida Francé, 1894. In: Lee, J. J., G. F. Leedale & P. Bradbury (eds) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa: Organisms traditionally referred to as Protozoa, or newly discovered groups 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 148–189. Society of Protozoologists: Lawrence (Kansas).
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[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d’Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.
[PHK96] Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley & D. A. Klein. 1996. Microbiology 3rd ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers: Dubuque (Iowa).
[S57] Scagel, R. F. 1957. An annotated list of the marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington (including keys to genera). National Museum of Canada Bulletin 150: 1–289.
[S80] Silva, P. C. 1980. Remarks on algal nomenclature VI. Taxon 29 (1): 121–145.
[SG99] Sluiman, H. J., & C. Guihal. 1999. Phylogenetic position of Chaetosphaeridium (Chlorophyta), a basal lineage in the Charophyceae inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Journal of Phycology 35: 395–402.
[TB03] Tartar, A., D. G. Boucias, J. J. Becnel & B. J. Adams. 2003. Comparison of plastid 16S rRNA (rrn16) genes from Helicosporidium spp.: evidence supporting the reclassification of Helicosporidia as green algae (Chlorophyta). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1719–1723.
[YB03] Young, E. B., & J. Beardall. 2003. Photosynthetic function in Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta) during a nitrogen starvation and recovery cycle. Journal of Phycology 39: 897–905.