Todiramphus

Belongs within: Halcyonidae.

Todiramphus is a genus of medium-sized kingfishers with flattened bills found in southern Asia and Australasia. Species typically have blue or blue-green upperparts, pale underparts, and often a white collar and supercilium. The collared kingfisher T. chloris has a broad range in southern Asia, from the Red Sea to Indonesia and the Philippines (Arlott & van Perlo 2021).

Todiramphus Lesson 1827 [=Todirhamphus Salvadori 1880; incl. Sauropatis Cabanis & Heine 1860]CC10
    |--T. winchelliBKB15
    `--+--T. leucopygiusJT12 [=Halcyon leucopygiusBKB15]
       `--+--+--T. chloris (Boddaert 1783)BKB15, WS48 (see below for synonymy)
          |  |    |--T. c. chlorisWS48
          |  |    |--‘Halcyon’ c. chloropteraH03
          |  |    |--‘Halcyon’ c. davisoniA73
          |  |    |--‘Halcyon’ c. humiiA73
          |  |    |--‘Halcyon’ c. novaehiberniaeD77
          |  |    |--‘Halcyon’ c. occipitalis (Blyth 1846)A73, W66 [=Todiramphus occipitalisW66]
          |  |    |--‘Halcyon’ c. nusaeD77
          |  |    `--‘Halcyon’ c. vidaliA73
          |  `--T. sanctus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827)BKB15, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
          |       |--T. s. sanctusCC10
          |       |--T. s. canacorum Brasil 1916CC10
          |       |--T. s. macmillani Mayr 1940CC10
          |       |--T. s. norfolkiensis (Tristram 1885) (see below for synonymy)CC10
          |       `--T. s. vagans (Lesson 1828) (see below for synonymy)CC10
          `--+--T. macleayii (Jardine & Selby 1830)BKB15, CC10 [=Halcyon macleayiiCC10, T. (Lazulena) macleayiiCC10]
             |    |--T. m. macleayiiM03
             |    `--T. m. incinctusM03
             `--+--T. tutusBKB15
                `--T. ruficollarisBKB15

Todiramphus incertae sedis:
  *T. sacerCC10, AP21
  T. albicillaAP21
  T. albonotatusJT12
  T. australasiaJT12
  T. cinnamominus (Swainson 1821) [=Halcyon cinnamominus]CC10
  T. collaris (Scopoli 1786) [=Alcedo collaris, Sauropatis collaris]W66
  T. colonusAP21
  T. diopsJT12
  T. enigmaJT12
  T. farquhariJT12
  T. funebrisJT12
  T. gambieriJT12
  T. gertrudaeAP21
  T. godeffroyiJT12
  T. lazuliJT12
  T. miyakoensisF02
  T. nigrocyaneusJT12
  T. pelewensisAP21
  T. pyrrhopygiusJT12
  T. recurvirostrisJT12
  T. reichenbachiiAP21
  T. saurophagusAP21
  T. sordidus (Gould 1842)AP21, WS48 [=Halcyon chloris sordidaWS48, H. sordidusWS48]
  T. tristramiAP21
  T. veneratusJT12

Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert 1783)^{BKB15, WS48} [=Alcedo chloris^W66, Halcyon chloris^WS48, Sauropatis chloris^S89; incl. A. chlorocephalus^W66]

Todiramphus sanctus (Vigors & Horsfield 1827)^{BKB15, CC10} [=Halcyon sanctus^CC10, *Sauropatis sancta^CC10; incl. H. sanctus ramsayi Mathews 1912^WS48, H. westralasianus Campbell 1901^WS48]

Todiramphus sanctus norfolkiensis (Tristram 1885) [=Halcyon norfolkiensis, H. norfolciensis, H. sancta norfolkiensis, Sauropatis sancta norfolkiensis]^CC10

Todiramphus sanctus vagans (Lesson 1828) [=Alcedo vagans, Dacelo vagans, Halcyon sancta vagans, Sauropatis sanctus vagans; incl. Dacelo albifrons Peale 1848, Alcedo cyanea Forster in Lichtenstein 1844, Sauropatis sanctus forsteri Mathews & Iredale 1913]^CC10

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A73] Abdulali, H. 1973. A catalogue of the birds in the collection of the Bombay Natural History Society—13. Alcedinidae. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (3): 538–546.

[AP21] Arlott, N., & B. van Perlo. 2021. Collins Birds of the World. William Collins.

[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.

[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4^th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.

[D77] Diamond, J. M. 1977. Continental and insular speciation in Pacific land birds. Systematic Zoology 26 (3): 263–268.

[F02] Fuller, E. 2002. Foreword. Extinct birds. In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 7. Jacamars to Woodpeckers pp. 11–68. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.

[H03] Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: Vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311–449.

[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.

[M03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds 2^nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.

[S89] Salvadori, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea nella Birmania e nelle regioni vicine. XIX.—Uccelli raccolti nei Monti Carin a nord-est di Tounghoo, nel Pegù presso Rangoon e Tounghoo e nel Tenasserim presso Malewoon. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 369–438.

[W66] Walden, A. 1866. Notes on birds collected in Tennasserim and in the Andaman Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 537–556.

[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.