Proconodontida

Belongs within: Conodonta.

The Proconodontida are a lineage of conodonts characterised by thin-walled, smooth-surfaced, primarily coniform elements. These formed a relatively simple apparatus that typically lacked structures in the P positions (Sweet 1988).

The earliest representative of the proconodontidans is the Late Cambrian Proconodontus, which possessed an apparently unimembrate apparatus of relatively large, deeply excavated, smooth-surfaced, hyaline coniform elements (Sweet 1988).

<==Proconodontida [Cavidonti]
    |--Proconodontus Miller 1969S88 [ProconodontidaeSD01]
    |    |--P. muelleri Miller 1969AS93
    |    |--P. notchpeakensisDJ71
    |    |--P. posterocostatusCT83
    |    |--P. serratusLM05
    |    |--P. tenuiserratus Miller 1980AS93
    |    `--P. tricarinatusCT83
    `--+--+--Fryxellodontus Miller 1969S88 [FryxellodontidaeSD01]
       |  |    |--F. inornatus Miller 1969AS93
       |  |    `--F. lineatus Miller 1969AS93
       |  `--PygodontidaeSD01
       |       |--Nericodus Lindström 1955S88
       |       |    `--*N. capillamentum Lindström 1954H62
       |       `--Pygodus Lamont & Lindström 1957S88
       |            |--*P. anserinus Lamont & Lindström 1957M62
       |            |--P. lyraS88
       |            `--P. serraS88
       `--+--+--AnsellidaeSD01
          |  |    |--Hamarodus Viira 1975S88
          |  |    |    `--H. europaeus (Serpagli 1967)AS93
          |  |    `--Ansella Fåhraeus & Hunter 1985S88
          |  |         |--A. jemtlandicus (Löfgren 1978)AS93
          |  |         |--A. longicuspicaPBJ03
          |  |         |--A. mishaMS12
          |  |         `--A. nevadensis (Ethington & Schumacher 1969)AS93
          |  `--DapsilodontidaeSD01
          |       |--Besselodus Aldridge 1982S88
          |       |    |--B. arcticus Aldridge 1982AS93
          |       |    `--B. semisymmetricus (Hamar 1966) [=Acontiodus semisymmetricus]AS93
          |       `--Dapsilodus Cooper 1976S88
          |            |--D. mutatusPBJ03
          |            |--D. obliquicostatus (Branson & Mehl 1933)WBN02
          |            |--D. praecipuusMS12
          |            `--D. sparsusMS12
          `--CordylodontidaeSD01
               |  i. s.: Eoconodontus Miller 1980AS93, S88
               |           `--E. notchpeakensis (Miller 1969)AS93
               |--Cambrooistodus Miller 1980S88
               |    |--C. cambricusS88
               |    `--C. minutusLM05
               `--+--Iapetognathus Landing 1982S88
                  |    |--I. aengensisS88
                  |    `--I. fluctivagusWC04
                  `--Cordylodus Pander 1856S88
                       |  i. s.: C. andresiLM05
                       |         C. hastatusLM05
                       |--C. lindstromi Druce & Jones 1971DJ71
                       |--C. oklahomensis Müller 1959DJ71
                       |--C. prion Lindström 1954DJ71
                       `--+--C. proavus Müller 1959DJ71
                          `--+--*C. angulatus Pander 1856DJ71
                             |--C. caseyi Druce & Jones 1971DJ71
                             |--C. intermedius Furnish 1938DJ71
                             `--C. rotundatus Pander 1856 [incl. C. subangulatus Furnish 1938]DJ71

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AS93] Aldridge, R. J., & M. P. Smith. 1993. Conodonta. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 563–572. Chapman & Hall: London.

[CT83] Chen J.-Y. & C. Teichert. 1983. Cambrian Cephalopoda of China. Palaeontographica Abteilung A: Paläozoologie—Stratigraphie 181 (1–3): 1–102.

[DJ71] Druce, E. C., & P. J. Jones. 1971. Cambro-Ordovician conodonts from the Burke River Structural Belt, Queensland. Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 110: 1–159.

[H62] Hass, W. H. 1962. Conodonts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W3–W69. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[LM05] Lehnert, O., J. F. Miller, S. A. Leslie, J. E. Repetski & R. L. Ethington. 2005. Cambro-Ordovician sea-level fluctuations and sequence boundaries: the missing record and the evolution of new taxa. Special Papers in Palaeontology 73: 117–134.

[MS12] Molloy, P. D., & A. J. Simpson. 2012. An analysis of the Ireviken Event in the Boree Creek Formation, New South Wales, Australia. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 615–630. Springer.

[M62] Müller, K. J. 1962. Supplement to systematics of conodonts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W246–W249. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[PBJ03] Pyle, L. J., C. R. Barnes & Z. Ji. 2003. Conodont fauna and biostratigraphy of the Outram, Skoki, and Owen Creek Formations (Lower to Middle Ordovician), Wilcox Pass, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 958–976.

[S88] Sweet, W. C. 1988. The Conodonta: Morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long extinct animal phylum. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[SD01] Sweet, W. C., & P. C. J. Donoghue. 2001. Conodonts: past, present, future. Journal of Paleontology 75 (6): 1174–1184.

[WC04] Webby, B. D., R. A. Cooper, S. M. Bergström & F. Paris. 2004. Stratigraphic framework and time slices. In: Webby, B. D., F. Paris, M. L. Droser & I. G. Percival (eds) The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event pp. 41–47. Columbia University Press.

[WBN02] Won, M.-Z., R. B. Blodgett & V. Nestor. 2002. Llandoverian (Early Silurian) radiolarians from the Road River Formation of east-central Alaska and the new family Haplotaeniatumidae. Journal of Paleontology 76 (6): 941–964.