Belongs within: Rallidae.
Contains: Rallus.
The Rallini are a clade of mostly long-billed rails united by molecular data (Kirchman et al. 2021). Gallirallus is a genus of long-billed rails with a distribution centred around the southern Pacific. The taxonomy of component species has often been contentious; many species previously included in a broad genus Rallus are now included in separate genera. A number of species with a southern Pacific distribution have also alternatively been included in the genera Gallirallus or Hypotaenidia. The effective type species of Gallirallus is the New Zealand weka G. australis, a large flightless species.
Rallini [Rallina]L98
| i. s.: Aphanapteryx Frauenfeld 1868L98
| |--A. bonasia (Sélys Longchámps 1848) [=Apterornis bonasia]F02
| `--A. leguati (Milne-Edwards 1874)L98 [=Erythromachus leguatiWH02]
| Rougetius Bonaparte 1856G-RGT14
| `--*R. rougetii (Guérin-Méneville 1843)G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
|--Canirallus Bonaparte 1856KM21, L98
| |--*C. oculeus (Hartlaub 1855)KM21, L98 [=Gallinula oculeaM-PG70]
| | |--C. o. oculeusM-PG70
| | `--C. o. batesi Sharpe 1900M-PG70
| `--C. beankaensisG-RGT14
`--+--RallusG-RGT14
`--+--Crecopsis Sharpe 1893L98
| `--*C. egregia (Peters 1854)L98, G-RGT14 [=Ortygometra egregiaG-RGT14, Crex egregiaKM21, Porzana egregiaL98]
`--+--+--Dryolimnas Sharpe 1893KM21, G-RGT14
| | |--*D. cuvieri (Pucheran 1845) [=Rallus cuvieri]G-RGT14
| | |--D. abbotti (Ridgway 1894)L98
| | `--D. aldabranus (Günther 1879)L98 [=D. cuvieri aldabranusMS55]
| `--+--Crex Bechstein 1803KM21, G-RGT14 [incl. Ortygometra Forster 1817B94; Ortygometrinae]
| | `--C. crex (Linnaeus 1758)G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--Aramidopsis Sharpe 1893G-RGT14
| | `--*A. plateni (Blasius 1886) [=Rallus plateni]G-RGT14
| `--Lewinia Gray 1855G-RGT14 [=Donacias Heine & Reichenow 1890CC10; incl. Hyporallus Iredale & Mathews 1926CC10]
| |--L. striata (Linnaeus 1766)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--L. mirifica (Parkers & Amadon 1959) [=Rallus mirificus]G-RGT14
| `--+--L. pectoralis (Temminck 1831)G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| `--L. muelleri (Rothschild 1893)G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--Aptenorallus Kirchman, McInerney et al. 2021KM21
| `--*A. calayanensis (Allen, Oliveros et al. 2004) [=Gallirallus calayanensis]KM21
`--+--Habroptila Gray 1860KM21, G-RGT14
| `--*H. wallacii Gray 1860G-RGT14 [=Rallus wallaciiL98]
`--+--Eulabeornis Gould 1844G-RGT14
| `--*E. castaneoventris Gould 1844G-RGT14 [incl. E. castaneoventris rogersi Mathews 1912WS48]
`--+--Gallirallus Lafresnaye 1841KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| |--G. australis (Sparrman 1786)G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--G. a. australis (see below for synonymy)CC10
| | |--G. a. greyi (Buller 1888) [=Ocydromus greyi]CC10
| | |--G. a. hectori (Hutton 1873) [=Ocydromus hectori; incl. G. hectori reischeki Iredale 1913]CC10
| | `--G. a. scotti (Ogilvie-Grant 1905) [=Ocydromus scotti]CC10
| |--G. mirificus (Parkes & Amadon 1959)L98
| |--G. lafresnayanus Verreaux & Des Murs 1860KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| |--G. pacificus (Gmelin 1789) [=Rallus pacificus]G-RGT14
| |--G. ripleyi Steadman 1986L98
| `--G. sharpei (Büttikofer 1893) [=Stictolimnas sharpei]L98
`--Hypotaenidia Reichenbach 1853KM21, CC10 (see below for synonymy)
| i. s.: ‘Tricholimnas’ conditicius Peters & Grisom 1928L98
| H. dieffenbachii (Gray 1843)CC10, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| ‘Nesoclopeus’ immaculatus Mayr 1949L98
| H. insignis (Sclater 1880)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| H. owstoni Rothschild 1895G-RGT14 [=Gallirallus owstoniG-RGT14, Rallus owstoniL98]
| H. sylvestris (Sclater 1869)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
|--+--H. celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1830)WH02, L98 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--H. torquata (Linnaeus 1766)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--H. okinawae (Yamashina & Mano 1981)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| `--‘Gallirallus’ sulcirostris Wallace 1862 (see below for synonymy)L98
`--+--+--+--H. rovianae (Diamond 1991)KM21, L98 [=Gallirallus rovianaeL98]
| | `--H. wakensis Rothschild 1903KM21, G-RGT14 [=Gallirallus wakensisG-RGT14, Rallus wakensisL98]
| `--+--H. modesta (Hutton 1872)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| `--Capellirallus Falla 1954L98
| `--*C. karamu Falla 1954CC10
`--+--H. poeciloptera (Hartlaub 1866)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--H. woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant 1889)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--H. philippensis (Linnaeus 1766)KM21, G-RGT14 (see below for synonymy)
| |--H. p. philippensisCC10
| |--H. p. assimilis (Gray in Dieffenbach 1843) (see below for synonymy)CC10
| |--H. p. macquariensis (Hutton 1879) (see below for synonymy)CC10
| `--‘Eulabeornis’ philippensis mellori Mathews 1912CC10 (see below for synonymy)
`--+--‘Gallirallus’ christophori (Mayr 1939)L98
`--+--‘Gallirallus’ sethsmithi (Mathews 1911)L98
`--+--‘Rallus’ ecaudatus Miller 1783 [=Gallirallus ecaudatus]L98
`--‘Gallirallus’ goodsoni (Mathews 1911)L98
Crex crex (Linnaeus 1758)G-RGT14 [=Rallus crexG-RGT14, Gallinula crexF17, Ortygometra crexCC10; incl. R. featherstonii Buller 1865CC10, *Crex pratensis Hagerup 1894CC10, S05]
‘Eulabeornis’ philippensis mellori Mathews 1912CC10 [=Gallirallus philippensis melloriCC10; incl. Hypotaenidia australis Pelzeln 1873 non Rallus australis Sparrman 1786CC10, Rallus philippensis australisCC10, H. philippensis australisWS48, H. philippensis norfolkensis Mathews 1931CC10, Rallus philippensis norfolkensisCC10, R. pectoralis Gould 1848 non Temminck 1831CC10, *Hypotaenidia pectoralisCC10]
Gallirallus Lafresnaye 1841KM21, G-RGT14 [incl. Brachypteryx Owen 1848 non Horsfield 1822CC10, Habropteryx Stresemann 1932L98, Nesolimnas Andrews 1896CC10, Ocydromus Wagler 1830 non Schellenberg 1806CC10, Tricholimnas Sharpe 1893L98; Ocydrominae]
Gallirallus australis (Sparrman 1786)G-RGT14 [=Rallus australisG-RGT14, *Brachypteryx australisCC10, *Ocydromus australisCC10; incl. Rallus fuscus Ellman 1861 non Linnaeus 1758CC10, O. insignis Forbes 1892CC10, O. minor Hamilton 1893CC10, Gallirallus minorCC10, Rallus niger Ellman 1861CC10, R. punctatus Ellman 1861CC10, R. rufus Ellman 1861 non Vieillot 1819CC10, R. strepitans Ellman 1861CC10]
Gallirallus australis australis (Sparrman 1786) [incl. Ocydromus assimilis Buller 1888, *G. brachypterus Lafresnaye 1841, O. brachypterus, O. earli Gray 1862, O. finschi Hutton 1873, Gallirallus fuscus de Bus de Gisignies 1847, O. fuscus, O. nigricans Buller 1869, Gallirallus townsoni Mathews & Iredale 1914, Rallus troglodytes Gmelin 1789, G. troglodytes]CC10
Gallirallus lafresnayanus Verreaux & Des Murs 1860KM21, G-RGT14 [=Eulabeornis lafresnayanusS13, Tricholimnas lafresnayanusL98]
‘Gallirallus’ sulcirostris Wallace 1862 [=Habropteryx sulcirostris; incl. G. kuehni, G. limarius, G. remigialis]L98
Hypotaenidia Reichenbach 1853KM21, CC10 [incl. Cabalus Hutton 1874CC10, Huttonena Mathews 1929CC10, Nesoclopeus Peters 1932G-RGT14, Sylvestrornis Mathews 1928L98]
Hypotaenidia celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1830)WH02, L98 [=Gallirallus celebensisL98, Habropteryx celebensisL98]
Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii (Gray 1843)CC10, G-RGT14 [=Rallus dieffenbachiiG-RGT14, Cabalus dieffenbachiiCC10, Gallirallus dieffenbachiiG-RGT14, *Nesolimnas dieffenbachiiCC10, Ocydromus dieffenbachiiCC10, Rallus philippensis dieffenbachiiCC10]
Hypotaenidia insignis (Sclater 1880)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallus insignisG-RGT14, Gallirallus insignisG-RGT14, Habropteryx insignisL98]
Hypotaenidia modesta (Hutton 1872)KM21, CC10 [=Rallus modestusG-RGT14, *Cabalus modestusCC10, Gallirallus modestusG-RGT14, *Huttonena modestaCC10; incl. Ocydromus pygmaeus Forbes 1892CC10]
Hypotaenidia okinawae (Yamashina & Mano 1981)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallus okinawaeG-RGT14, Gallirallus okinawaeG-RGT14, Habropteryx okinawaeL98]
Hypotaenidia philippensis (Linnaeus 1766)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallus philippensisG-RGT14, Gallirallus philippensisG-RGT14]
Hypotaenidia philippensis assimilis (Gray in Dieffenbach 1843) [=Rallus assimilis, Eulabeornis philippensis assimilis, Gallirallus philippensis assimilis, Rallus philippensis assimilis; incl. R. pictus Potts 1872]CC10
Hypotaenidia philippensis macquariensis (Hutton 1879) [=Rallus macquariensis, Eulabeornis philippensis macquariensis, Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis, Rallus philippensis macquariensis]CC10
Hypotaenidia poeciloptera (Hartlaub 1866)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallina poecilopteraG-RGT14, *Nesoclopeus poecilopterusG-RGT14]
Hypotaenidia sylvestris (Sclater 1869)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Ocydromus sylvestrisG-RGT14, Cabalus sylvestrisWH02, Rallus sylvestrisWH02, Gallirallus sylvestrisG-RGT14, *Sylvestrornis sylvestrisL98, Tricholimnas sylvestrisWH02]
Hypotaenidia torquata (Linnaeus 1766)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallus torquatusG-RGT14, Gallirallus torquatusG-RGT14, Habropteryx torquatusL98]
Hypotaenidia woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant 1889)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallina woodfordiG-RGT14, Nesoclopeus woodfordiG-RGT14]
Lewinia muelleri (Rothschild 1893)G-RGT14 [=Rallus muelleriG-RGT14, Dryolimnas pectoralis muelleriCC10, Gallirallus muelleriL98, *Hyporallus muelleriCC10, Hypotaenidia muelleriCC10, Rallus pectoralis muelleriCC10]
Lewinia pectoralis (Temminck 1831)G-RGT14 [=Rallus pectoralisG-RGT14, Dryolimnas pectoralisHWT01, Gallirallus pectoralisHWT01; incl. G. albertiL98, Rallus brachipus Swainson 1838CC10, R. pectoralis brachipusWS48, Gallirallus captusL98, R. pectoralis clelandi Mathews 1911WS48, G. exsulL98, G. insulusL98, Rallus lewiniiCC10, *Donacias lewiniiCC10, *Lewinia lewiniiCC10, Gallirallus mayriL98]
Lewinia striata (Linnaeus 1766)KM21, G-RGT14 [=Rallus striatusG-RGT14, Gallirallus striatusG-RGT14, Hypotaenidia striataL98]
*Rougetius rougetii (Guérin-Méneville 1843)G-RGT14 [=Rallus rougetiiG-RGT14; incl. Rallus abyssinicus Rüppell 1845St05, Rallus obscurus Gray 1844 (n. n.)St05]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[CC10] Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2010. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica 4th ed. Ornithological Society of New Zealand and Te Papa Press: Wellington.
[F17] Forster, T. 1817. A synoptical catalogue of British birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to observations on British ornithology. Nichols, Son, and Bentley: London.
[F02] Fuller, E. 2002. Foreword. Extinct birds. In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 7. Jacamars to Woodpeckers pp. 11–68. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[G-RGT14] Garcia-R, J. C., G. C. Gibb & S. A. Trewick. 2014. Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81: 96–108.
[HWT01] Holdaway, R. N., T. H. Worthy & A. J. D. Tennyson. 2001. A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 28: 119–187.
[KM21] Kirchman, J. J., N. R. McInerney, T. C. Glarla, S. L. Olson, E. Slikas & R. C. Fleischer. 2021. Phylogeny based on ultra-conserved elements clarifies the evolution of rails and allies (Ralloidea) and is the basis for a revised classification. Ornithology 138: 1–21.
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[M-PG70] Mackworth-Praed, C. W., & C. H. B. Grant. 1970. African Handbook of Birds ser. 3 vol. 1. Birds of West Central and Western Africa. Longman: London.
[MS55] Mertens, R., & J. Steinbacher. 1955. Die im Senckenberg-Museum vorhandenen Arten ausgestorbener, aussterbender oder seltener Vögel. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36 (3–4): 241–265.
[S13] Sarasin, F. 1913. Die Vögel Neu-Caledoniens und der Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 1 pp. 1–78, pls 1–3. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.
[S05] Schalow, H. 1905. Die Vögel der Arktis. In: Römer, F., & F. Schaudinn (eds) Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellun der arktischen Tierformen, mit besonder Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 vol. 4 pp. 79–288. Gustav Fischer: Jena.
[WS48] Whittell, H. M., & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1–126.
[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).