Bacillariophyceae

Belongs within: Diatomeae.
Contains: Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophycidae, Rhaphoneis, Plagiogramma.

The Bacillariophyceae include diatoms with bilateral, usually bipolar valves.

Characters (Adl et al. 2019): Chain-forming, colonial or solitary; valve outline almost always bipolar; valve pattern organized bilaterally about elongate axial rib (sternum), as in a feather; valve structure simple or chambered; rimoportulae generally only one or two per valve or none, sometimes accompanied (or replaced?) by special slits (‘raphe’) involved in motility; sexual reproduction involving gametangiogamy and almost always with gametes of equal size; perizonium generally differentiated into two distinct series, transverse and longitudinal; chloroplasts usually only one, two or a few and large, less often many and small.

<==Bacillariophyceae [Diatomaceae, Fragilariales, Pennatia, Pennatophyceae, Pennatophycidae, Surirelleae]C-S18
    |--FragilariophycidaeAB19
    |    |  i. s.: Tabularia tabulataAB19, TJ06
    |    |         AstrosyneAB19
    |    |         StaurosiraAB19
    |    |--FragilariaceaeW61
    |    `--Thalassionema [Thallassionemataceae]KI02
    |         `--T. nitzschioidesKI02 (see below for synonymy)
    `--+--BacillariophycidaeC-SC06
       `--UrneidophycidaeAB19
            |--RhaphoneisC-SC06
            |--PlagiogrammaAB19
            |--DelphineisAB19
            |--PsammoneisAB19
            |--BleakeleyaAB19
            |--AsterionellopsisC-SC06
            |    |--A. glacialisKI02
            |    `--A. karianaC-SC06
            `--Dimerogramma Ralfs 1861AB19, G75
                 |--D. capitatum [=Denticula capitata]G64
                 |--D. distans [=Denticula distans]G64
                 |--D. fulvum (Greg.) Ralfs 1861CFW59 [=Denticula fulvaG64]
                 |--D. maculatumG75
                 |--D. marinumG75 [=Denticula marinaG64]
                 |    |--D. m. var. marinumG75
                 |    `--D. m. var. lanceolatumG75
                 |--D. minor (Greg.) Ralfs in Pritch. 1861G75, W61 [=Denticula minus Greg. 1857W61, Di. minus (l. c.)G75]
                 |    |--D. m. var. minorG75
                 |    `--D. m. var. nanaG75 [=Denticula nanaG64]
                 |--D. mutabile [=Odontidium mutabile]G64
                 |--D. sinuatum [=Denticula sinuata]G64
                 `--D. tabellaria [=Odontidium tabellaria]G64
                      |--D. t. var. tabellariaG64
                      `--D. t. var. constrictaG64

Bacillariophyceae incertae sedis:
  Opephora Petit 1888EB93, G75
    |--O. gemmata (Grunow) Hustedt 1927-1964G75
    |--O. martyiG75
    |--O. pacificaG75
    `--O. schwartziiG75
  PseudodimerogrammaEB93
  SubsilceaEB93
  SynderospheniaEB93
  CeratoneisG64
    |--C. acicularisG64
    |--C. gracilis [incl. Nitzschia taenia]G64
    `--C. reversaG64
  HomoeocladiaG64
    |--H. filiformisG64
    |    |--H. f. var. filiformisG64
    |    `--H. f. var. minorG64
    `--H. sigmoideaG64
  TryblionellaG64
    |--T. angustataG64
    |--T. circumsuta [incl. T. scutellum]G64
    |--T. constricta [incl. T. apiculata]G64
    |--T. gracilisG64
    |--T. hungaricaTJ06
    |--T. navicularis [incl. T. marginata]G64
    `--T. punctataG64