Perilampinae

 Perilampus, photographed by Graham Montgomery.

Belongs within: Perilampidae.

The Perilampinae are a group of endoparasitoid wasps characterised by a short and immobile pronotum forming a sharply fronted collar. Perilampines include both primary parasites and hyperparasites. The mobile planidium larva of a hyperparasitic species seeks out a suitable primary host of its eventual target, but upon entering the primary host it must either find it already parasitised or wait for its own host to arrive before the perilampine perishes (Bouček 1988). The prepectus is reduced in members of the genus Euperilampus but remains large in species of Perilampus and Monacon (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Clypeus large, well delimited, also supraclypeal area mostly conspicuous. Mandibles strong, the left with 2, right with 3 large teeth. Antennae 13-segmented, formula 11173. Prepectus fused with pronotum, the latter forming a conspicuous dorsal belt (collar) separated by a subrectangular edge from the vertical or even slightly hollowed collum. Thorax dorsally with coarse piliferous puncturation. Pilosity of wings extensive and not differentiated. Gastral body short and strongly convex, triquetrous owing to dorsal fusion of the first two tergites which cover most of the dorsal side of gaster.

<==PerilampinaeHB13
    |--KrombeiniusB88
    |--Euperilampus Walker 1871 [incl. Euperilampoides Girault 1915, Nesoperilampus Rohwer 1923]B88
    |    |--*E. gloriosus [=Perilampus gloriosus]B88
    |    |--E. beharaeMH11
    |    |--E. scutellatus (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy)B88
    |    `--E. triangularisHB13
    `--Perilampus Latreille 1809B88
         |  i. s.: *P. violaceusB88 [=Diplolepis violaceaB88, Scelio (Perilampus) violaceaG20]
         |         P. alienus Riek 1966B88
         |         P. aquilonaris Girault 1915 [incl. P. saintjusti Girault 1930]B88
         |         P. australis Girault 1915B88
         |         P. brisbanensis Girault 1915B88
         |         P. cairnsensis Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy)B88
         |         P. capensis Girault 1913 [incl. P. australiensis Girault 1913]B88
         |         P. chlorinusMS01
         |         P. chrysopaeA71
         |         P. dentatinotum Girault 1928B88
         |         P. dipterophagus Riek 1966B88
         |         P. emersoni Girault 1930B88
         |         P. franzmanni Galloway 1983B88
         |         P. glabrifrons Riek 1966B88
         |         P. italicusR26
         |         P. levifacies Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915B88
         |         P. microgastrisB88
         |         P. mirabeaui Girault 1930B88
         |         P. montanus Riek 1966B88
         |         P. nigriventrisMS01
         |         P. nigronitidus Riek 1966B88
         |         P. philembiaR00
         |         P. saleius Walker 1839 [incl. P. queenslandensis Girault 1913, P. reliquus Girault 1915]B88
         |         P. tasmanicus Cameron 1912B88
         |         P. tassoni Girault 1922B88
         |         P. violaceusMS01
         |--+--P. subcarinatusHB13
         |  `--P. tristisHB13
         `--+--+--Steffanolampus salicetumHB13
            |  `--P. micans groupHD09
            |       |--P. aeneusHD09
            |       |--P. cephalotesHD09
            |       |--P. macekiHD09
            |       |--P. micansHD09
            |       |--P. pisticus Heraty & Darling 2009HD09
            |       |--P. polyporiHD09
            |       `--P. ruschkaiHD09
            `--+--+--P. fulvicornisMH11
               |  `--P. ruficornisMH11
               |--+--BurksilampusMH11
               |  |--P. regalisMH11
               |  `--+--P. granulosusMH11
               |     `--P. hyalinusHB13
               `--Monacon Waterston 1922HB13, B88
                    |  i. s.: *M. productumB88
                    |         M. naso Bouček 1980B88
                    |         M. platypodis Bouček 1980B88
                    |         M. simplex Bouček 1980B88
                    |         M. tasmaniense Bouček 1988B88
                    |         M. tricorne Bouček 1980B88
                    |--M. canaliculatumMH11
                    `--+--M. robertsi Bouček 1980MH11, B88
                       `--M. spinosum (Dodd & Girault in Girault 1915)MH11, B88 [=Perilampus spinosusB88]

Euperilampus scutellatus (Girault 1915) [=*Euperilampoides scutellatus; incl. Euperilampoides concinnus Masi 1927, Euperilampoides nepalensis Mani & Kaul in Mani, Dubey et al. 1983, *Nesoperilampus typicus Rohwer 1923]B88

Perilampus cairnsensis Girault 1913 [incl. P. cupreovarius Girault 1927, P. frater Girault 1922, P. miltoni Girault 1922, P. mittagongensis Girault 1913, P. tasmaniensis Girault 1913]B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542.

[HD09] Heraty, J. M., & D. C. Darling. 2009. Fossil Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 2306: 1–16.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PloS One 6 (11): e27023.

[R26] Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes vol. 5. F.-G. Levrault: Paris.

[R00] Ross, E. S. 2000. Embia: Contributions to the biosystematics of the insect order Embiidina. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 149: 1–53, 1–36.

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