Belongs within: Hypsogastropoda.
Contains: Epitonium (Asperiscala), Epitonium (Nitidiscala).
The Epitoniidae are a group of carnivorous marine gastropods that prey on cnidarians. Many are small with porcelain-like, strongly ornamented shells. However, recent studies have confirmed that the violet snails (Janthina and related species), planktic species with more globose shells that float using a raft of air bubbles, are also derived epitoniids. The cosmopolitan Epitonium includes species with convex, sometimes discontinuous whorls that are sculpted with strong, lamellar, blade-like axial costae (Wilson 1993).
<==Epitoniidae (see below for synonymy)
|--Ferminoscala pseudoleroyi (Maury 1925) [incl. Scalina gardnerae Olsson 1967]BT78
|--Iodes Mörch 1860 [Iodeidae]BR05
|--OpaliopsisBR17
|--Proacirsa inornata (Terquem & Jourdy 1869)TTE93
|--Hartungia typica Bronn 1861TTE93
|--EccliseogyraB91
|--Iphitus tuberculatusB91
|--Cycloscala hyalina (Sowerby 1844)B91
|--Acrilla Adams 1860 [Acrillinae]BR05
| `--*A. acuminata (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria acuminata]BR17
|--Clathroscala de Boury 1890 [Clathroscalinae]BR05
| `--*C. cancellata (Brocchi 1814) [=Turbo cancellatus]BR17
|--Gyroscala de Boury 1887 [Gyroscalinae]BR05
| |--*G. commutata (Monterosato 1877) [=Scalaria commutata]BR17
| `--G. lamellosa (Lamarck 1822)WBS-S15
|--Papyriscala de Boury 1909 [Papyriscalinae]BR05
| `--*P. latifasciata (Sowerby 1874) [=Scalaria latifasciata]BR17
|--Lioatlanta Dybowski & Grochmalicki 1920 [Lioatlantinae]BR05
| `--*L. semidisjuncta (Jeffreys 1884) [=Scalaria semidisjuncta]BR17
|--Stenacme Pilsbry 1945 [Stenacmidae]BR05
| `--*S. floridana Pilsbry 1945BR17
|--Turriscala Boury 1890B70
| `--*T. torulosa (Brocchi 1814) [=Turbo torulosus]B70
|--Dannevigena Iredale 1936W93
| `--*D. martyr Iredale 1936W93
|--Filiscala Boury 1911W93
| `--*F. martini (Wood 1828) [=Scala martini]W93
|--Nystiella Clench & Turner 1952BR17, BR05 [Nystiellinae]
| |--*N. opalina (Dall 1927) [=Epitonium opalinum]BR17
| `--N. concava (Dall 1889)B91
|--TenuiscalaF26
| |--T. parvicostata (Marshall 1917) [=Epitonium parvicostata]F26
| `--T. simplex (Marshall 1917) [=Epitonium simplex]F26
|--Funiscala de Boury 1891P61
| |--*F. speyeri [=Scalaria speyeri]P61
| `--F. maxwelli Finlay 1930P61
|--Eglisia Gray 1847W93
| |--*E. spirata [=Turritella spirata]W93
| `--E. tricarinata Adams & Reeve 1850W93
|--Narvaliscala Iredale 1936W93
| |--*N. dorysa Iredale 1936W93
| `--N. flindersi Cotton & Godfrey 1938W93
|--Problitora Iredale 1931W93
| |--*P. moerchi (Adams & Angas 1864) [=Amauropsis moerchi]W93
| `--P. globula (Angas 1880)W93
|--Variciscala de Boury 1909W93
| |--*V. raricostata (Lamarck 1822) [=Scalaria raricostata]W93
| `--V. kelea (Iredale 1930) [=Cirsotrema kelea]W93
|--Alexania Strand 1928 [=Alexandria Tomlin 1926 non Pfeiffer 1881, Tomlinula Strand 1932; incl. Habea Kuroda 1943]RH65
| |--*A. natalensis (Tomlin 1926) [=*Alexandria natalensis, *Tomlinula natalensis]RH65
| |--‘Habea’ callizona Habe 1961RH65
| `--‘*Habea’ inazawai Kuroda 1943RH65
|--NotacirsaF26
| |--*N. oamarutica [=Turbonilla oamarutica]F26
| |--N. elataA26
| `--‘Bittium oamaruticum’ Bartrum 1919 (preoc.; n. d.)F26
|--StenorhytisP12
| |--S. expansa (Conrad 1842)P12
| |--S. pachypleura (Conrad 1841)P12
| `--S. pernobilis (Fischer & Bernardi 1857)A88
|--Recluzia Petit de la Saussaye 1853 [Recluziidae]BR05
| |--*R. jehennei Petit de la Saussaye 1853BR17
| |--R. johnii (Holten 1803)A63 [=Helix johniiH09]
| |--R. lutea Bennett 1840 (see below for synonymy)A63
| `--R. rollandiana Petit 1853A63
|--Mazescala Iredale 1936W93
| |--*M. thrasys Iredale 1936W93
| |--M. bellicosa (Hedley 1907)W93
| |--M. friabilis (Sowerby 1844)W93
| `--M. heloris Iredale 1936W93
|--Murdochella Finlay 1927P61
| |--*M. levifoliata (Murdoch & Suter 1906) [=Scala levifoliata]P61
| |--M. alacer Finlay 1927P61
| |--M. macrina Iredale 1936W93
| |--M. superlata Finlay 1930P61
| `--M. tertia Finlay 1930P61
|--Acirsa Mörch 1857O27, BR05 [Acirsidae, Acirsinae]
| |--*A. borealis (Lyell 1841)BR17 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--A. b. borealisO27
| | `--A. b. ochotensis (Middendorff 1849)O27 (see below for synonymy)
| |--A. menesthoidesC64
| `--A. wadeiB91
|--Clathrus Oken 1815 non Micheli ex L. 1801 (ICBN)BR17 [=Scala Mörch 1852BR05, BR17]
| |--*C. clathrus (Linnaeus 1758)BR17 [=Turbo clathrusBR17, *Scala clathrusBR17, T. (Scalaria) clathrusG20]
| |--‘Scala’ australisO27
| |--‘Scala’ dentiscalpiumC60
| |--‘Scala’ granosa [=Turritella granosa]O27
| |--C. harmeri (de Boury in Harmer 1918) [=Scala (Clathrus) harmeri]F27
| |--‘Scala’ magellanicaO27
| |--‘Scala’ ralphi (de Boury 1913) [=Scalaria pachypleura Tate 1890 non Conrad 1842]F27
| `--‘Scala’ turtonis [incl. S. tenuicostata]F27
|--Janthina Röding 1798BR17, BR05 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*J. janthina (Linnaeus 1758)P61, H09 (see below for synonymy)
| |--J. balteataBRW98
| |--J. ceruleata Reeve 1858O27
| |--J. communisO27
| |--J. decollata [=Ianthella decollata]C64
| |--J. exigua Lamarck 1822P61 (see below for synonymy)
| |--J. pallida (Thompson 1840)W93
| |--J. prolongataC64
| |--J. rotundataO01
| `--J. violacea Röding 1798P61, BR17
|--AmaeaBT78
| | i. s.: A. africana Bouchet & Tillier 1978BT78
| | A. brunneopicta (Dall 1896)BT78
| | A. elegantissima (Deshayes 1861)BT78
| | A. guineense Bouchet & Tillier 1978BT78
| | A. mitchelli Dall 1896BT78
| | A. pellati (de Raincourt & Munier-Chalmas 1863) [incl. Acrilla amoena var. eosubcancellata]BT78
| | A. phoenix (de Boury 1912)BT78
| | A. prunicola (Martin 1904)P12
| | A. reticulata (Martin 1904)P12
| | A. subreticula (d’Orbigny 1852)BT78
| `--A. (Scalina)BC01
| |--A. (S.) deroyae DuShane 1970BC01
| `--A. (S.) tehuanarum DuShane & McLean 1968BC01
|--Cirsotrema Mörch 1852 [Cirsotrematinae, Cirsotreminae]DK08
| | i. s.: C. angulata Marwick 1926F26
| | C. attenuatum Pease 1861 [=Gyroscala attenuata, Scalaria attenuata]K65
| | C. caelicola Finlay 1926F26
| | C. calvertensis (Martin 1904)P12
| | C. karinae (Usticke 1969) [=Opalia karinae]BC01
| | C. kieneri Tapparone-Canefri 1876WG71 [=Epitonium kieneriH09]
| | C. lyrataA26
| | C. transennaBRW98
| |--C. (Cirsotrema)P61
| | |--*C. (C.) varicosum (Lamarck 1822)W93 [=Scalaria varicosaP61, Epitonium varicosumH09]
| | |--C. (C.) montereyense (Dall 1907) [=Epitonium (C.) montereyense]O27
| | |--C. (C.) pleiophylla (Tate 1890) [=Scalaria (C.) pleiophylla]DK08
| | |--C. (C.) togatum (Hertlein & Strong 1951) [=Epitonium (C.) togatum]PP78
| | |--C. (C.) vulpinum (Hinds 1844) [=Epitonium (C.) vulpinum]PP78
| | `--C. (C.) zelebori (Dunker 1866)P61
| |--C. (Plastiscala Iredale 1936)W93
| | `--C. (*P.) morchi (Angas 1871) (see below for synonymy)W93
| |--C. (Propescala Cotton & Godfrey 1931)W93
| | `--C. (*P.) translucida (Gatliff 1906) [=Scala translucida; incl. S. valida Verco 1906, Propescala valida]W93
| |--C. (Rectacirsa Iredale 1936)W93
| | `--C. (*R.) fregatum (Iredale 1936) [=*Rectacirsa fregata]W93
| `--C. (Tioria Marwick 1928)P61
| |--C. (*T.) youngiP61
| `--C. (T.) forresti Dell 1956P61
|--Opalia Adams & Adams 1853 [Opaliinae]BR05
| | i. s.: O. bullata Carpenter 1864C64
| | O. crenata (Linnaeus 1758)BT78
| | O. diadema [=Cirsotrema diadema]C64
| | O. funiculata [=Cirsotrema funiculata]C64
| | O. gaini (deBoury in Lamy 1923)BT78
| | O. hellenica (Forbes 1844)BT78
| | O. insculptaC64
| | O. ochotensisC64
| | O. tremperi Bartsch 1927O27
| | O. varicostatum Stearns 1875R72
| |--O. (Opalia)BC01
| | |--*O. (O.) australis (Lamarck 1822) [=Scalaria australis]BR17
| | |--O. (O.) borealis Keep 1881 [incl. O. chacei Strong 1937]BC01
| | |--O. (O.) burchorum DuShane 1988BC01
| | |--O. (O.) consors Crosse & Fischer 1864W93
| | |--O. (O.) evicta (De Boury 1919) [=Epitonium (O.) evictum, Scalaria pluricostata Or. 1913 (preoc.)]O27
| | `--O. (O.) wroblewskii (Mörch 1876) [=Scala wroblewskii, Epitonium (O.) wroblewskii]O27
| |--O. (Dentiscala De Boury 1886)BC01, O27
| | |--O. (D.) crenatoides (Carpenter 1864)PP78
| | |--‘Epitonium’ (D.) crenimarginatum Dall 1917O27
| | |--‘Epitonium’ (D.) nesioticum Dall 1917O27
| | `--O. (D.) paulula DuShane 1974BC01
| |--O. (Granuliscala de Boury 1909)W93
| | |--O. (G.) granosa (Quoy & Gaimard 1834) [incl. Scalaria granulosa, *Granuliscala granulosa]W93
| | `--O. (G.) ballinensis (Smith 1891)W93
| `--O. (Nodiscala de Boury 1889)W93
| |--O. (*N.) bicarinata (Sowerby 1844)W93, H09 [=Scalaria bicarinataP61, Epitonium bicarinatumH09]
| |--‘Nodiscala’ ahiparana Powell 1930P61
| |--O. (N.) apostolorum (Iredale 1936) [incl. Nodiscala subconsors (Cotton & Godfrey 1938)]W93
| |--O. (N.) retiporosa Carpenter 1864C64, O27 [=Epitonium (N.) retiporosumO27]
| |--O. (N.) spongiosa Carpenter 1864 [=Epitonium (N.) spongiosum]O27
| `--‘Nodiscala’ zelandica Finlay 1930P61
|--Scalaria Lamarck 1801BR05
| |--S. aciculina Hinds 1843H43
| |--S. atomus Smith 1890BT78
| |--S. bellastriata Carpenter 1864C64
| |--S. bezanconi [=Cancellaria bezanconi nec de Raincourt 1884 nec Morlet 1885]PH90
| |--S. boettgeri von Maltzan 1885BT78
| |--S. browniiH86
| |--S. clathratulaN79
| |--S. cochlea Sowerby 1844BT78
| |--S. commoda Smith 1890BT78
| |--S. communisN79
| |--S. confusa Smith 1890BT78
| |--S. conica Lamarck 1801BR17
| |--S. creberrima Hinds 1843H43
| |--S. crebricostata Carpenter 1864C64
| |--S. crenataPP64
| |--S. cumingii Cpr. 1856C64
| |--S. dianae Hinds 1843H43
| |--S. elenensis [incl. S. raricosta]C64
| |--S. fragilis Hanley 1842BT78
| |--S. fucata Pease 1861 [=Epitonium fucatum, E. furcatum (l. c.)]K65
| |--S. fusca Sowerby 1844BT78
| |--S. glabrata Hinds 1843H43
| |--S. gracilisC64
| |--S. groenlandica [=Turbo clathrus groenlandicus]N79
| |--S. lyrataH86
| |--S. marginataH86
| |--S. mellisii Smith 1890BT78
| |--S. millecostata Pease 1861 [=Epitonium millecostatum, Scala millecostata]K65
| |--S. multistriata Say 1825BT78
| |--S. ornata Baily 1855F27
| |--S. pachypleura Conrad 1842F27
| |--S. pachygyra Locard 1896BT78
| |--S. pacifica Wilckens 1922 [=Cirsostrema pacifica]F26
| |--S. planicostataC64
| |--S. porrecta Hinds 1843H43
| |--S. pretiosaC64
| |--S. regularisC64
| |--S. rotundaH86
| |--S. sanctaehelenae Smith 1890BT78
| |--S. senegalensis von Maltzan 1885BT78
| |--S. smithii Tryon 1887 [=Scala miranda Smith 1871 (preoc.)]BT78
| |--S. suturalis Hinds 1843H43
| |--S. tiaraC64
| |--S. trevelyanaN79
| |--S. trochiformis von Maltzan 1885BT78
| |--S. turtonaeN79
| `--S. vulpina Hinds 1843H43
`--Epitonium Röding 1798BR05 [incl. Pomiscala Iredale 1936W93]
| i. s.: E. acanthopleura (Verco 1906)W93
| E. aculeatum (Sowerby 1844)H09 [=Scala aculeataW93, Scalaria aculeataH09]
| E. alatum (Sowerby 1844)W93
| E. albidumRL04
| E. amosbrowni Pilsbry 1921W62
| E. anlanum Woodring 1928W62
| E. auritum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria aurita]H09
| E. barissum (Iredale 1936) [=Foliaeiscala barissa]W93
| E. callipticum Woodring 1928W62
| E. candeanumW62
| E. candidissimum (Monterosato 1877)BT78
| E. castum (Sowerby 1873) [=Scalaria casta]H09
| E. commutatum (Monterosato 1877)BT78
| E. coreta (Iredale 1936)W93
| E. costulatum (Kiener 1839)D88
| E. crenatoides Carpenter 1864O27
| E. delicatulum (Crosse 1864)W93
| E. denticulatum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria denticulata]H09
| E. dentiscalpium (Watson 1883) [=Scalaria dentiscalpia]H09
| E. dupliniana (Olsson 1916)W62
| E. eleutherium Pilsbry & Olsson 1941BT78
| E. etolium Woodring 1928W62
| E. fabia (Iredale 1936)W93
| E. formosissimumB91
| E. gabbiW62
| E. godfreyi Cotton 1938W93
| E. grossicostatum (Nyst 1873)BT78
| E. helicornum (Iredale 1936)W93
| E. hyalinum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria hyalina]H09
| E. imperialis (Sowerby 1844)WG71
| E. irregulare (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaris irregularis]H09
| E. marmoratum (Sowerby 1844)W93
| E. multistriatum (Say 1826)W62
| E. muricatum (Kiener 1839) [=Scalaria muricata]H09
| E. neglectum (Adams & Reeve 1885)W93
| E. novangliaeW62
| E. obliquum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria obliqua]H09
| E. pallasi Kiener 1838WG71
| E. parspeciosum (Iredale 1929)W93
| E. perplexum Pease 1860 (see below for synonymy)W93
| E. platypleura (Verco 1906)W93
| E. pulchellum (Bivona 1832)BT78
| E. pyramidalis (Sowerby 1844)W93
| E. replicatum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria replicata]H09
| E. revolutum (Hedley 1899) [=Scalaria revoluta]H09
| E. rubrolineatum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria rubrolineata]H09
| E. rushiiW62
| E. sexcostum Jousseaume 1912W93
| E. stigmaticum (Pilsbry 1911)W93
| E. subnudatum (Sowerby 1874) [=Scalaria subnudata]H09
| E. tacitum (Iredale 1936) [=Laeviscala tacita]W93
| E. tenuicostatum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria tenuicostata]H09
| E. ‘tenuicostatum’ von Martens 1882 non Scalaria tenuicostata Sowerby 1844BT78
| E. tenuispiralis Marshall 1919F26
| E. tricinctum Marshall 1918F26
| E. turriculum (Sowerby 1844) [=Scalaria turricula]H09
| E. ulu Pilsbry 1921D88
| E. venosumW62
| E. vestale (Hinds 1843) [=Scalaria vestalis]H09
| E. virginiae (Maury 1910)W62
|--E. (Epitonium) [incl. Acutiscala Boury 1909, Scalara Lamarck 1801, Solvaclathrus Iredale 1936]W93
| |--*E. (E.) scalare (Linnaeus 1758)RL04 [=Turbo scalarisRL04, Scala scalarisW93, T. (Scalaria) scalarisG20]
| |--E. (E.) hancocki DuShane 1970 [=E. (Nitidiscala) hancocki]BC01
| |--E. (E.) hemmesi DuShane 1988BC01
| |--E. jacobiscala Iredale 1936 [=*Solvaclathrus jacobiscala]W93
| |--E. (E.) krebsii (Mörch 1874) [=Scala krebsii]MP65
| |--E. (E.) philippinarum (Sowerby 1844)P61 (see below for synonymy)
| `--E. (E.) thorssoni DuShane 1988BC01
|--E. (Asperiscala)BC01
|--E. (Boreoscala Kobelt 1902)O27
| `--E. (B.) greenlandicum Perry 1811 [=Scala groenlandica]O27
|--E. (Crisposcala De Boury 1909)O27
| |--E. (C.) acrostephanum Dall 1908O27
| |--E. (C.) catalinae Dall 1908O27
| |--E. (C.) regum Dall 1917O27
| `--E. (C.) tabulatum Dall 1917O27
|--E. (Foliaeiscala de Boury 1912) [incl. Crenuliscala Iredale 1936]W93
| |--E. (*F.) dubiaW93
| |--‘Foliaeiscala’ antisoa Iredale 1936W93
| |--‘Foliaeiscala’ carchedon Iredale 1936W93
| `--E. (F.) pindasum (Iredale 1936) [=Foliaeiscala (*Crenuliscala) pindasa]W93
|--E. (Globiscala de Boury 1909)W93
| |--E. (*G.) bullatum (Sowerby 1844)D88, W93, D88 (see below for synonymy)
| |--E. (G.) barbarinum Dall 1919O27
| |--E. (G.) orcuttianum Dall 1917O27
| `--E. (G.) zephyrium Dall 1917O27
|--E. (Hirtoscala Monterosato 1890)BC01 [incl. Pudentiscala Iredale 1936W93]
| |--E. (*H.) cantraineiW93
| |--E. christyi (Iredale 1936) [=Acutiscala (*Pudentiscala) christyi]W93
| |--E. (H.) fractum Dall 1927 [incl. E. mauryi Tursch & Pierret 1964]BC01
| |--E. (H.) reflexum (Carpenter 1856)PP78
| `--E. (H.) shyorum DuShane & McLean 1968BC01
|--E. (Hyaloscala de Boury 1889)BC01
| |--E. (*H.) clathratulumP61
| |--E. (H.) arcanum DuShane 1979 [=E. (Nitidiscala) arcanum]BC01
| |--E. (H.) bucknilli Powell 1924P61
| |--E. (H.) jukesianum (Forbes 1852)P61 (see below for synonymy)
| |--E. (H.) tinctum (Carpenter 1865)BC01 (see below for synonymy)
| `--E. (H.) worsfoldi Robertson 1994BC01
|--E. (Laeviscala de Boury 1909)BC01
| |--E. (*L.) subauriculatum (Souverbie 1866)W93, H09 [=Scalaria subauriculataH09]
| `--E. (L.) luceo (Dushane 1988) [=Laeviscala luceo]BC01
|--E. (Lamelliscala de Boury 1909)W93
| `--E. (*L.) fasciatum (Sowerby 1844)W93
|--E. (Limiscala de Boury 1909)BC01
| |--E. (*L.) lyrum (Sowerby 1844)W93 [=Scalaria lyraH09]
| |--E. (L.) billeeanum (DuShane & Bratcher 1965)RL04 (see below for synonymy)
| |--E. (L.) macleani DuShane 1970 [=E. (Asperiscala) macleani]BC01
| |--E. (L.) plymanthi Robertson 1994BC01
| `--E. (L.) tenellum (Hutton 1885)P61
|--E. (Nitidiscala)BC01
|--E. (Parviscala Boury 1887)RL04, W93
| |--‘*Parviscala’ algerianaW93
| `--E. (P.) striatissimum (Monterosato 1878)RL04
`--E. (Sodaliscala de Boury 1909)BC01
|--E. (S.) dendrophylliae Bouchet & Warén 1986RL04
`--E. (S.) textimattum DuShane 1977 [=E. (Asperiscala) textimattum]BC01
Nomina nuda: Epitonium atlanticum de Boury in Tomlin & Shackleford 1914BT78
Epitonium tenuipunctatum de Boury in Tomlin & Shackleford 1914BT78
*Acirsa borealis (Lyell 1841)BR17 [=Scalaria borealisBR17, Epitonium (Acirsa) borealeO27, Mesalia borealisJ64, Scala (A.) borealisO27; incl. Scala eschrichtiiO27, Scalaria eschrichtiJ64, Scalaria undulataJ64]
Acirsa borealis ochotensis (Middendorff 1849)O27 [=Scala ochotensisO27, Epitonium boreale ochotenseO27, Scalaria ochotensisC64]
Cirsotrema (*Plastiscala) morchi (Angas 1871) [=Scala morchi; incl. C. morchi bentha Iredale 1936, C. morchi profundior Iredale 1936]W93
Epitoniidae [Epitoniacea, Epitoniida, Epitoniinae, Epitonioidea, Janthinidae, Janthiniformes, Janthinoidea, Janthinoidei, Nystiellidae, Scalacea, Scalariana, Scalariidae, Scalidae]
Epitonium perplexum Pease 1860 [incl. E. lamellosa Bryon 1915, *Pomiscala perplicata Iredale 1929, E. pyramis Tinker 1952, E. reevesbyi Cotton 1938]W93
Epitonium (Epitonium) philippinarum (Sowerby 1844)P61 [=Scalaria philippinarumH09, E. (*Acutiscala) philippinarumP61; incl. Acutiscala minora Iredale 1936W93, E. minoraHS01]
Epitonium (*Globiscala) bullatum (Sowerby 1844)D88, W93, D88 [incl. Globiscala kashiwajimensis Azuma 1962D88, Scala (G.) papyracea de Boury 1912D88, Epitonium (G.) woolacottae Kerslake 1958D88]
Epitonium (Hyaloscala) jukesianum (Forbes 1852)P61 [incl. E. ampacta Iredale 1936W93, E. delicatula Crosse & Fischer 1864 non E. delicatulum (Crosse 1864)W93]
Epitonium (Hyaloscala) tinctum (Carpenter 1865)BC01 [=Scalaria indianorum tinctaO27, E. (Nitidiscala) tinctumO27; incl. E. (Nitidoscala [l. c.]) tinctum bormanni Strong 1941 (nom. inv.)BC01]
Epitonium (Limiscala) billeeanum (DuShane & Bratcher 1965)RL04 [=Scalina billeeanaBC01, Alora billeeanaRL04, Asperiscala billeeanaRL04]
Janthina Röding 1798BR17, BR05 [=Ianthina (l. c.)BR05; incl. Iodina Mörch 1860W93, Violetta Iredale 1929W93; Ianthinea, Janthininae]
Janthina exigua Lamarck 1822P61 [=J. (*Iodina) exiguaP61; incl. J. capreolata Montrouzier 1859W93, J. globosa Swainson 1826W93, J. (*Violetta) globosaP61]
*Janthina janthina (Linnaeus 1758)P61, H09 [=Helix janthinaH09; incl. J. carpenteri Mörch 1860W93, J. contorta Carpenter 1857W93, J. fragilis Lamarck 1801W93, J. striolata Carpenter 1857W93]
Recluzia lutea Bennett 1840 [incl. R. erythraea Jickeli 1882, R. hargravesi Cox 1870, R. montouzieri Souverbie 1872, R. turrita Philippi 1848]A63
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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