Belongs within: Spiriferida.
The Spiriferidae are family of brachiopods known from the Carboniferous and Permian periods (Boucot et al. 1965).
Characters (Boucot et al. 1965): Biconvex; slightly to markedly transverse; cardinal extremities rounded in some, making hinge line somewhat less than maximum width, more typically angular, with hinge line equal to maximum width, hinge commonly denticulate; lateral plications few to numerous, rarely simple, more commonly bifurcating, sometimes becoming fasciculate; fold and sulcus commonly distinct, plicate; pedicle valve interior generally with dental plates, lacking median septum; delthyrial plate weakly developed or absent; brachial valve interior rarely with crural plates; shell substance impunctate.
<==Spiriferidae [Neospiriferidae]
|--Palaeospirifer karagatschicus (Sverbilova 1963)HB93
|--Anthracospirifer Lane 1963BJ65
| `--*A. birdspringensis Lane 1963BJ65
|--Fusella M’Coy 1844BJ65
| `--*F. fusiformis (Phillips 1836) [=Spirifera fusiformis]BJ65
|--Grantonia Brown 1953BJ65
| `--*G. hobartensis Brown 1953BJ65
|--Sergospirifer Ivanova in Sarycheva & Sokolskaya 1952BJ65
| `--*S. okensis (Nikitin 1890) [=Spirifer okensis]BJ65
|--Trigonotreta Koenig 1825BJ65
| `--*T. stokesi Koenig 1825BJ65
|--Unispirifer Campbell 1957BJ65
| `--*U. striatoconvolutus (Benson & Dun 1920) [=Spirifer striatoconvolutus]BJ65
|--Imbrexia Nalivkin 1937BJ65
| |--*I. imbrex (Hall 1858) [=Spirifer imbrex]BJ65
| `--I. montonanaB86
|--Glyptospirifer chui Grabau 1931HB93
| |--G. c. chuiHB93
| `--G. c. cyrtinoides Xian 1978HB93
|--Gypospirifer Cooper & Grant 1976DX84
| |--*G. nelsoni Cooper & Grant 1976DX84
| `--G. volatilis Duan & Li in Ding, Xia et al. 1984DX84
|--Brachythyrina Frederiks 1929 (see below for synonymy)BJ65
| |--*B. strangwaysi (de Verneuil 1845)BJ65 (see below for synonymy)
| | |--B. s. strangwaysiBJ65
| | `--B. s. lataBJ65 [=Spirifer strangwaysi var. lataG31]
| `--‘Spirifer’ rectangulus Kutorga 1844 [=*Elina rectangula, *Elinoria rectangula]BJ65
|--Neospirifer Fredericks 1919 [incl. Alphaneospirifer Gatinaud 1949, Betaneospirifer Gatinaud 1949]BJ65
| |--*N. fasciger (Keyserling 1846) [=Spirifer fasciger]BJ65
| |--N. chivatschensis Zavodowskii 1968HB93
| |--N. hubeiensisDX84
| |--N. mahaensis (Huang 1933) [=Spirifer mahaensis, N. (*Alphaneospirifer) mahaensis]BJ65
| |--N. moosakhailensis (Davidson 1862)BJ65 (see below for synonymy)
| |--N. ravana (Diener 1897) [=Spirifer ravana; incl. S. striatus mut. neostriatus Frederiks 1925]DX84
| |--N. rhombicus Duan & Li in Ding, Xia et al. 1984DX84
| |--N. snjatkovi Zavodowskii 1968HB93
| |--N. tricostatus Zavodowskii 1968HB93
| `--N. yihewusuensis Duan & Li in Ding, Xia et al. 1984DX84
|--Spirigera d’Orbigny 1847W77
| |--S. aquilinaG31
| |--S. archimedisG31
| |--S. bipartitaG31
| |--S. concors [=Spirifer concors]G31
| |--S. confinalisG31
| |--S. crassicardinalis (White 1860) [=Athyris crassicardinalis]W77
| |--S. fabaG31
| |--S. incrassatusW77
| |--S. janicepsG31
| |--S. monticola White 1874W77
| |--S. obmaxima (McChesney 1869) [=Athyris obmaxima]W77
| |--S. papilioG31
| |--S. peracutaG31
| |--S. pusillaG31
| |--S. sublamellosa (Hall 1858) [=Athyris sublamellosa]W77
| `--S. subtilita (Hall 1852) [=Terebratula subtilita, Athyris subtilita]W77
`--Spirifer Sowerby 1816 (see below for synonymy)BJ65
|--*S. striatus (Martin 1793) [=Conchyliolithus (Anomia) striatus]BJ65
|--S. acutiapicalisG31
|--S. ambiensisG31
|--S. asinuatusG31
|--S. aviculaF71
|--S. bambahurensisG31
|--S. biforatusP56
|--S. bisulcatusG31
|--S. blackwelderiG31
|--S. bowningensis Mitchell 1921F71
|--S. cadoricusG31
|--S. cameratus Morton 1836 (see below for synonymy)W77
|--S. carnicusG31
|--S. centronatus Winchell 1865 [=S. centronata]W77
|--S. clathratusR79
|--S. crispusNU83
|--S. cruxG31
|--S. culojensisG31
|--S. curvirostrisG31
|--S. cuspidatusW77
|--S. damesiG31
|--S. disparalisN79
|--S. dissectusG31
|--S. distefanoiG31
|--S. duodecimcostataF71
|--S. duodenariusN79
|--S. duplicostaG31
|--S. elegansCWC97
|--S. elevatusC01
|--S. engelmanniN79
|--S. fritschiiG31
|--S. gapeeviWM03
|--S. globularisG31
|--S. grewingkiG31
|--S. hardmaniG31
|--S. haueriG31
|--S. hungerfordiMB12
|--S. imparG31
|--S. increbescensR79
|--S. insanusG31
|--S. interplicatusG31
|--S. jaqueti Dun 1898F71
|--S. jigulensisG31
|--S. joharensisG31
|--S. kleiniiG31
|--S. ladinusG31
|--S. lahuseniG31
|--S. latiareatusG31
|--S. loveniG31
|--S. lydekkeriG31
|--S. macrusN79
|--S. manniN79
|--S. macoui (Waagen 1883)DX84
|--S. marionensisR79
|--S. megalotisG31
|--S. mignonG31
|--S. mosquensisG31
|--S. multiplicicostatusG31
|--S. mylkensis (Yang 1959)CSZ03, BJ65 [=*Grandispirifer mylkensisBJ65, CSZ03, Unispirifer mylkensisBJ65]
|--S. nitiensisG31
|--S. oviformisH79
|--S. panduriformisG31
|--S. paradoxusSG93
|--S. peregrinusG31
|--S. perimeleN79
|--S. planusG31
|--S. pseudodielasmaG31
|--S. quadriradiatusG31
|--S. rectanguloidesG31
|--S. rockymontanus Marcou 1858 [=S. rockymontani; incl. S. opimus Hall 1858, S. subventricosa McChesney 1860]W77
|--S. rotundatusG31
|--S. schrenkiG31
|--S. sculptilisN79
|--S. sextensisG31
|--S. siculusG31
|--S. sokoloviG31
|--S. speciosusMB12
|--S. striatiformisH75
|--S. strioferG31
|--S. subradiatusF71
|--S. supracarbonariaG31
|--S. supramosquensisG31
|--S. tastubensisG31
|--S. trigonalis [incl. S. trigonalis var. lata non S. strangwaysi var. lata]G31
|--S. tschernyscheffiG31
|--‘Spiriferella’ tschernyschewiana Frederiks 1916 [=*Lytha tschernyschewiana]BJ65
|--S. tulliaNU83
|--S. ufensisG31
|--S. uralicusG31
|--S. urii Fleming 1828W77
|--S. ussensisG31
|--S. varicosusN79
|--S. vulturG31
|--S. whitneyiMB12
|--S. wynneiG31
`--S. zitteliG31
Brachythyrina Frederiks 1929 [=Anelasma Ivanov 1925 nec Darwin 1854 nec Sørensen 1873 nec Cossmann 1889, Anelasmina Semikhatova 1939; incl. Elina Frederiks 1924 nec Blanchard 1852 nec Ferrari 1878, Elinoria Cooper & Muir-Wood 1951]BJ65
*Brachythyrina strangwaysi (de Verneuil 1845)BJ65 [=Spirifer strangwaysiBJ65, *Anelasma strangwaysiBJ65, *Anelasmina strangwaysiBJ65, Brachythyris strangwaysiG31; incl. Spirifer strangwaysii var. pankouensisG31]
Neospirifer moosakhailensis (Davidson 1862)BJ65 [=Spirifer moosakhailensisBJ65, N. (*Betaneospirifer) moosakhailensisBJ65, S. musakheylensisG31; incl. S. oldhamianus Mansuy 1908G31]
Spirifer Sowerby 1816 [=Spirifera Phillips 1836, Spiriferus de Blainville 1827; incl. Grandispirifer Yang 1959, Lytha Frederiks 1919]BJ65
Spirifer cameratus Morton 1836 [incl. S. cameratus var. kansasensis, S. meusebachanus Roemer 1852, S. triplicatus Hall 1852]W77
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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[B86] Brezinski, D. K. 1986. Trilobites from the Keokuk Limestone (Mississippian) of Missouri. Annals of Carnegie Museum 55 (8): 137–143.
[C01] Chapman, F. 1901. On some fossils of Wenlock age from Mulde, near Klinteberg, Gotland; with notes by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. F. A. Bather. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 141–160, pl. 3.
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[NU83] Norris, A. W., & T. T. Uyeno. 1983. Biostratigraphy and paleontology of middle-upper Devonian boundary beds, Gypsum Cliffs area, northeastern Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 313: 1–65.
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