Belongs within: Rhynchonellata.
Contains: Dayiidae, Anoplothecidae, Reticularioidea, Delthyrididae, Hysterolitidae, Mucrospiriferinae, Cyrtiidae, Cyrtospiriferoidea, Brachythyrididae, Costispiriferidae, Ambocoeliidae, Spiriferidae, Spiriferella, Martinia, Martiniopsis.
The Spiriferida were a lineage of brachiopods found from the Ordovician to the Jurassic. They are united by the development of spiral brachidia, or spiralia. Many species possessed shells with broad lateral wings. The Delthyridoidea have a fimbriate growth fabric, with spinose projections on the margins of growth lamellae. The Dayiacea are a Middle Ordovician to Middle Devonian assemblage with spiralia directed ventrally, laterally, or planospiral parallel to the median plane (Boucot et al. 1965). The Verneuliidae are a unique family within the Spiriferida in possessing a shell morphology with opposed folding of the anterior shell margins, and lacking dental plates or adminicula, but were regarded by Sun et al. (2004) as derived within the Spiriferidina.
<==Spiriferida
| i. s.: Clavigera Hector 1879 (see below for synonymy)BJ65
| |--*C. bisulcata Hector in Thomson 1913 [=*Hectoria bisulcata, *Hectorina bisulcata]BJ65
| |--C. cuneiformis [=Hectoria cuneiformis, Hectorina cuneiformis]F27
| `--C. tumidaBJ65
| OrthospiriferBS12
| |--O. iowensisMB12
| `--O. marceyi [=Spinocyrtia marceyi]BS12
|--Dayioidea [Dayiacea, Dayiidina]HB93
| |--DayiidaeB75
| `--+--AnoplothecidaeB75
| `--Kayseria Davidson 1882B75, BJ65 [Kayseriidae]
| |--K. lens (Phillips 1841)HB93
| `--K. procera Ficner & Havlíček 1978HB93
|--DelthyridinaWCB00
| |--ReticularioideaWCB00
| `--DelthyridoideaRG04
| |--DelthyrididaeBJ65
| |--HysterolitidaeRG04
| `--MucrospiriferidaeBJ65
| | i. s.: Strophopleura Stainbrook 1947BJ65
| | |--*S. notabilis (Kindle 1909) [=Spirifer notabilis]BJ65
| | `--S. raymondiN79
| | Pteroplecta laminatus Waterhouse 1978HB93
| `--MucrospiriferinaeRG04
`--SpiriferidinaSB04
| i. s.: Verneuiliidae [Verneuilinae]SB04
| |--Minythyra Brunton 1984SB04
| |--Nuguschella Tjazheva 1960SB04
| |--Changshunella Sun, Baliński et al. 2004SB04
| | `--*C. yangi Sun, Baliński et al. 2004SB04
| `--Verneuilia Hall & Clarke 1893SB04
| |--*V. cheiroptyx (d’Archiac & de Verneuil 1842) [=Spirifer cheiroptyx]BJ65
| |--V. langenstrasseniSB04
| `--V. oceaniSB04
|--CyrtiidaeBJ65
|--CyrtospiriferoideaBJ65
|--BrachythyrididaeSB04
|--CostispiriferidaeWCB00
|--AmbocoeliidaeWCB00
|--Spinella Talent 1956BJ65 [SpinelloideaWCB00]
| |--*S. buchanensis Talent 1956BJ65
| `--S. yassensis [=Spirifer yassensis]TC71
|--PaeckelmanelloideaSB04
| |--VoiseyellaSB04
| `--Paeckelmanella Likharev 1934BJ65
| |--*P. dieneri (Chernyshev 1902) [=Spirifer dieneri]BJ65
| |--P. quadriplicata Lee & Gu 1977DX84
| `--P. teneicostata Termier 1975HB93
|--SpiriferoideaHB93
| | i. s.: Thomasaria Stainbrook 1945BJ65
| | `--*T. altumbona Stainbrook 1945BJ65
| |--SpiriferidaeSB04
| |--SpiriferellaHB93
| `--Fimbrispirifer Cooper 1942BJ65 [FimbrispiriferidaeHB93, Fimbrispiriferinae]
| |--*F. venustus (Hall 1860) [=Spirifer venustus]BJ65
| |--F. charybdis (Barrande 1879)HB93
| `--F. divaricatusN79
`--Martiniidae [Martiniinae, Martinioidea]WCB00
|--MartiniaBJ65
|--Tenellodermis praetenellus Havlíček 1971HB93
|--MartiniopsisBJ65
|--Elivella Frederiks 1919BJ65
| `--*E. baschkirica (Chernyshev 1902) [=Martiniopsis baschkirica]BJ65
|--Eomartiniopsis Sokolskaya 1941BJ65
| `--*E. elongata Sokolskaya 1941BJ65
|--Fredericksia Paeckelmann 1931 [=Munia Frederiks 1918 non Hodge 1836]BJ65
| `--*F. simensis (Chernyshev 1902) [=Spiriferina (Mentzelia) simensis, *Munia simensis]BJ65
|--Martiniella Grabau & Tien in Grabau 1931BJ65
| `--*M. nasuta Grabau & Tien in Grabau 1931BJ65
|--Merospirifer Reed 1948BJ65
| `--*M. insolita (Reed 1948) [=Martinia (*Merospirifer) insolita]BJ65
|--Moumina Frederiks 1919BJ65
| `--*M. incerta (Chernyshev 1902) [=Martinia incerta]BJ65
|--Tomiopsis Benediktova 1956 [incl. Ingelarella Campbell 1959]BJ65
| |--*T. kumpani (Yanishevskiy 1935) [=Brachythyris kumpani]BJ65
| `--T. angulata (Campbell 1959) [=*Ingelarella angulata]BJ65
|--Notospirifer Harrington 1955BJ65
| |--*N. darwini (Morris 1845) [=Spirifer darwini]BJ65
| |--N. excelsus Waterhouse 1968HB93
| `--N. microspinosus Waterhouse 1968HB93
`--Mentzelia Quenstedt 1871BJ65
|--M. mentzeli (Dunker 1851) [=Spirifer mentzeli; incl. S. medianus Quenstedt 1852, *Mentzelia mediana]BJ65
|--M. ampla Bittner 1890HB93
|--M. corculumG31
`--M. kawhiana Trechmann 1918HB93
Clavigera Hector 1879 [=Clavigerina (l. c.) non v. Martens 1903, Hectoria Trechmann 1918 nec Castelnau 1873 nec Tepper 1889, Hectorina Finlay 1927]BJ65
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B75] Boucot, A. J. 1975. Evolution and Extinction Rate Controls. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
[BJ65] Boucot, A. J., J. G. Johnson, C. W. Pitrat & R. D. Staton. 1965. Spiriferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda vol. 2 pp. H632–H728. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).
[BS12] Brett, C. E., T. Smrecak, K. P. Hubbard & S. Walker. 2012. Marine sclerobiofacies: encrusting and endolithic communities on shells through time and space. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 129–157. Springer.
[DX84] Ding Y., Xia G., Duan C., Li W., Liu X. & Liang Z. 1984. Study on the early Permian stratigraphy and fauna in Zhesi district, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu (Inner Mongolia). Bulletin Tianjin Institure Geol. Min. Res. 10.
[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.
[G31] Grabau, A. W. 1931. The Permian of Mongolia: A report on the Permian fauna of the Jisu Honguer limestone of Mongolia and its relations to the Permian of other parts of the world. American Museum of Natural History: New York.
[HB93] Harper, D. A. T., C. H. C. Brunton, L. R. M. Cocks, P. Copper, E. N. Doyle, A. L. Jeffrey, E. F. Owen, M. A. Parkes, L. E. Popov & C. D. Prosser. 1993. Brachiopoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 427–462. Chapman & Hall: London.
[MB12] Mistiaen, B., D. Brice, M. K. Zapalski & C. Loones. 2012. Brachiopods and their auloporid epibionts in the Devonian of Boulonnais (France): comparison with other associations globally. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 159–188. Springer.
[N79] Norris, A. W. 1979. Devonian in the Western Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A218–A253. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).
[RG04] Racheboeuf, P. R., R. Gourvennec, M. Deynoux & D. Brice. 2004. The Devonian of the Hodh area (Islamic Republic of Mauritania): paleontology and stratigraphy. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 98–110.
[SB04] Sun, Y., A. Baliński, X. Ma & Y. Zhang. 2004. New bizarre micro-spiriferid brachiopod from the Early Carboniferous of China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (2): 267–274.
[TC71] Thomson, K. S., & K. S. W. Campbell. 1971. The structure and relationships of the primitive Devonian lungfish—Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Etheridge). Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 38: 1–109.
[WCB00] Williams, A., S. J. Carlson & C. H. C. Brunton. 2000. Brachiopod classification. In: Kaesler, R. L. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda, Revised vol. 2. Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (part) pp. 1–27. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).