Thrips

Belongs within: Thripidae.

Thrips is a large genus of thrips characterised by the absence of ocellar setae I, and the presence of paired tergal ctenidia posteromesad of the spiracles on tergite VIII (Mound & Marullo 1996). The genus is most diverse in the Holarctic and Old World tropics, though some species have become cosmopolitan pest species. These include the onion thrips Thrips tabaci and the melon thrips T. palmi, both of which feed on a wide range of crops and can transmit viruses between them. The plague thrips T. imaginis is an polyphagous endemic Australian species that has historically been considered a significant pest of pome thrips.

Phylogenetic analysis by Buckman et al. (2013) indicated that Thrips is paraphyletic to Microcephalothrips and Stenchaetothrips. Microcephalothrips abdominalis has a particularly small head relative to the pronotum and seven-segmented antennae. Stenchaetothrips is distinguished by an elongate ocellar setae pair II (Mound & Marullo 1996).

<==Thrips Linnaeus 1758JR-SM-G05
    |--+--T. knoxiBMW13
    |  `--T. setipennisBMW13
    `--+--+--T. vulgatissimusBMW13
       |  `--Microcephalothrips Bagnall 1926BMW13, MM96
       |       `--*M. abdominalis (Crawford 1910) [=Thrips abdominalis]MM96
       `--+--+--T. australis (Bagnall 1915)BMW13, MM96 [=Isoneurothrips australisMM96; incl. I. marisabellae Ortiz 1973MM96]
          |  `--T. imaginis Bagnall 1926BMW13, GM79
          `--+--T. simplex (Morison 1930)BMW13, MM96 [=Physothrips simplexMM96]
             `--+--T. nigropilosusBMW13
                `--Stenchaetothrips Bagnall 1926BMW13, MM96 [incl. Anaphidothrips Hood 1954MM96]
                     |--*S. melanurus Bagnall 1926MM96
                     |--S. biformis (Bagnall 1913) [=Bagnallia biformis; incl. Chloethrips oryzae]MM96
                     |--S. brasiliensis (Hood 1954) [=*Anaphidothrips brasiliensis]MM96
                     `--S. minutus (Deventer 1906) (see below for synonymy)MM96
Thrips incertae sedis:
  *T. physapus Linnaeus 1758MM96
  T. addendus (Priesner 1933) [=Taeniothrips addendus]MM96
  T. albopilosumKU07
  T. aligherini Girault 1927G27b
  T. angusticepsK10
  T. calcarataK10
  T. communisR13
  T. coprosmae Mound 1978MM04
  T. darci Girault 1930G30
  T. discolorK10
  T. exilicornisMM96
  T. flavusM04
  T. florum Schmutz 1913MM96
  T. formosanus Priesner 1934S76
  T. fuscipennisRD77
  T. hawaiiensis (Morgan 1913) [=Euthrips hawaiiensis]MM96
  T. helianthiC38
  T. indigenus Girault 1929G29
  T. japonicus Bagnall 1914GM79 [=T. partirufus Girault 1927G27c]
  T. juniperina Linnaeus 1758L58
  T. klapalekiK10
  T. lacteicorpus Girault 1927GM79
  T. longicollisK10
  T. majorM04
  T. minutissima Linnaeus 1758L58
  T. obscuratus (Crawford 1941)MM04
  T. orientalis (Bagnall 1915) [=Isoneurothrips orientalis]MM96
  T. pallicornisC38
  T. pallidulus Bagnall 1924S76
  T. palmi Karny 1925MM96
  T. parvispinusMC13
  T. safrusMC13
  T. seminiveus Girault 1926G26
  T. shakespearei Girault 1927G27a
  T. tabaci Lindeman 1889MM96
  T. treherneiB08
  T. unispinusM04
  T. viminalisK10
  T. walteri Crawford 1938C38

Stenchaetothrips minutus (Deventer 1906) [=Thrips minutus; incl. T. minutus var. puttemansi Costa Lima 1926, Stenchaetothrips saccharoni]^MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B08] Bartos, M. 2008. Alternative predatory tactics in a juvenile jumping spider. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 300–305.

[BMW13] Buckman, R. S., L. A. Mound & M. F. Whiting. 2013. Phylogeny of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) based on five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology 38: 123–133.

[C38] Crawford, J. C. 1938. Some new or little known Thysanoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (2): 35–43.

[G26] Girault, A. A. 1926. New pests from Australia. IV. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 205).

[G27a] Girault, A. A. 1927a. Some new wild animals. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 208–210).

[G27b] Girault, A. A. 1927b. New Australian animals so far overlooked by outsiders. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 211–212).

[G27c] Girault, A. A. 1927c. A discourse on wild animals. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 216–217).

[G29] Girault, A. A. 1929. North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 233–261).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted: Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273–277).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[JR-SM-G05] Johansen, R. M., A. P. Retana-Salazar & A. Mojica-Guzmán. 2005. A review of the New World bryophyte-feeding genus Wegenerithrips Johansen 1983 (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (1): 61–83.

[K10] Karny, H. 1910. Neue Thysanopteren die Wiener Gegend. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines an der Universität Wiens 8 (2): 41–57.

[KU07] Khanjani, M., & E. A. Ueckermann. 2007. Natural enemies of the walnut pest Aceria tristriatus (Nal.) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in western Iran. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 451–453. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MC13] Majer, J. D., S. K. Callan, K. Edwards, N. R. Gunawardene & C. K. Taylor. 2013. Baseline survey of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 83: 13–112.

[MM04] Martin, N. A., & L. A. Mound. 2004. Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia). New Zealand Entomologist 27: 119–123.

[M04] Mound, L. A. 2004. Australian Thysanoptera—biological diversity and a diversity of studies. Australian Journal of Entomology 43 (3): 248–257.

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1–487.

[R13] Reuter, O. M. 1913. Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Insekten bis zum Erwachen der sozialen Instinkte. R. Friedländer & Sohn: Berlin.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[S76] Strassen, R. zur. 1976. Hochmontane Arisaema-Arten (Araceae) in Nepal als Wirtspflanzen floricoler Fransenflügler (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1–3): 55–59.